1、Unit 4Period 4Reading新 课 导 入1Watch the video and answer the questions.1 How does Asimov set out the relationship between humans and robots?2 Have you read any of Asimovs novels?If so,share one story youve read with the class.If not,would you like to read them?Why or why not?1 How does Asimov set out
2、 the relationship between humans and robots?2 Have you read any of Asimovs novels?If so,share one story youve read with the class.If not,would you like to read them?Why or why not?He puts forward the Three Laws of Robotics,which ensure that robots should always obey and protect humans.学习目标学习目标1.能通过阅
3、读课文，理解课文内容，能清楚地叙述故事梗概，并能够理解课文中的伏笔，欣赏文学作品。2.能在理解课文内容的基础上，感悟文章主题，加深对单元主题意义的认识，形成积极接受但辩证地看待技术创新的情感态度。课 堂 学 习2Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon.Life on Earth Wear ordinary clothes and change according to the seasons.Breathe the air freely.Have to make an effort to jump hi
4、gh.Keep pets,such as dogs,cats,etc.Life on the Moon _ _ _ _Now read the passage and find out what life on the Moon is like in the novel.A Boys Best Friend1 Mr Anderson said,“Wheres Jimmy,dear?”“Out on the crater,”said Mrs Anderson.“Robutt is with him.Did he arrive?”“Yes.Hes at the rocket station,goi
5、ng through the tests.I havent really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”2“Jimmy has never seen one,”said Mrs Anderson.3“Because hes Moon-born and cant visit Earth.Thats why Im bringing one here.I think its the first one ever on the Moon.”4 Jimmy was out on the crater,as his mother had said.Hi
6、s arms and legs were long and agile.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on,but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth,which was low in the southern sky,was nearly full,so that the entire crater-sl
7、ope was brightly lit.The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldnt keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.5“Come on,Robutt,”he shouted.Robutt,who could hear him by radio,squeaked and bounded after.6 Jimmy,expert though he was,c
8、ouldnt outrace Robutt,who didnt need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.Jimmy couldnt go wrong while Robutt was around,tripping him when he was too near a rock,or jumping on him to show how much he loved him,or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock
9、,when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.7 He heard his fathers voice on his private wavelength.“Jimmy,come back.I have something to tell you.”8 Mr Anderson was smiling.“We have something for you,Jimmy.Its at the rocket station now,but well have it tomorrow after all the tests are ove
10、r.”9“From Earth,Dad?”10“A dog from Earth,son.The first dog on the Moon.You wont need Robutt any more.We cant keep them both,and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.”He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something,then he said,“You know what a dog is,Jimmy.Its the real thing.Robutts only a mec
11、hanical imitation,a robot-mutt.Thats how he got his name.”11 Jimmy frowned.“Robutt isnt an imitation,Dad.”12“Robutts just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.”13“He does everything I want him to do,Dad.He understands me.”14“No,son.Robutt is just a machine.Its just programmed to act the wa
12、y it does.A dog is alive.Youll see the difference once he gets here.”15 Jimmy looked at Robutt,who was squeaking again,a very low,slow squeak that seemed frightened.Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.16 Jimmy said,“What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog?”17“I
13、ts hard to explain,”said Mr Anderson,“but it will be easy to see.The dog will really love you.Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.”18“But,Dad,we dont know whats inside the dog,or what his feelings are.Maybe its just acting,too.”19 Mr Anderson frowned.“Jimmy,youll know the differenc
14、e when youexperience the love of a living thing.”20 Jimmy held Robutt tightly.He was frowning,too,and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldnt change his mind.He said,“But whats the difference how they act?How about how I feel?I love Robutt and thats what counts.”21 And the little robot
15、mutt,which had never been held so tightly in all its existence,squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks.(Adaptation of excerpts from“A Boys Best Friend by Isaac Asimov)Now read the passage and find out what life on the Moon is like in the novel.Life on Earth Wear ordinary clothes and change acc
16、ording to the seasons.Breathe the air freely.Have to make an effort to jump high.Keep pets,such as dogs,cats,etc.Life on the Moon _ _ _ _Wear spacesuits whenever outside.Breathe from an air supply.Jump high easily.Keep robots as pets.3Complete the summary of the story.TitleAuthorSetting Time:Place:C
17、haracters Jimmy,a Moon-born boy A Boys Best Friend Isaac Asimov In the future On the MoonMr Anderson,Jimmys fatherMrs Anderson,Jimmys motherRobutt,a mechanical dog,Jimmys petPlotJimmys parents get a dog from Earth.They want to give it to Jimmy as a pet.But.Different attitudes towards Robutt Parents:
18、Jimmy:Jimmy already has a robot pet named Robutt.His parents think it would be good for Jimmy to have a real dog,and that he would like it.They want to send Robutt to another family.To his parents surprise,Jimmy refuses to accept the real dog,because he loves Robutt and he believes Robutt loves him
19、too.For Jimmy,Robutt is not just a mechanical dog,but a real friend.They think Robutt is a mechanical imitation of a real dog.He loves Robutt and treats him like a real dog.Now talk about your attitudes towards the story.Learning to learnForeshadowing is when the author gives a clue as to what is to
20、 come later in the story.This often appears at the beginning of a story,or a chapter,and helps the reader develop expectations about the coming event in a story.Think Share1 What are the similarities and differences between Robutt and a real dog?2 Is there any foreshadowing of Jimmys final decision?
21、Find clues in the reading passage.3 What other sci-fi novels about robots can you think of?Share one with the class.4 The two reading passages in this unit show us different aspects of technology in the future.Which of these do you most expect to encounter in your lifetime?1 Similarities:Both are ab
22、le to respond to orders given by human beings.Both can outrace human beings.Both can guide and protect human beings.Differences:They have different appearances.A real dog is a living creature,while Robutt is a machine.A real dog loves human beings as a result of its nature,while Robutt is just adjus
23、ted to act as though it loves human beings.2 Yes,there is.At the beginning of the story,we know Jimmy has never seen a real dog.It also seems that he spends a lot of time with Robutt.Jimmy plays with Robutt enthusiastically,shouting“Come on,Robutt”.In the middle of the passage,we are told that“Jimmy
24、 couldnt go wrong while Robutt was around”,indicating that Robutt protects Jimmy well.4Work in groups.Give a talk on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot.1 Answer the questions to help to form your point of view.Why do Jimmy and his parents have different feelings towards Ro
25、butt?If you were Jimmy,which one would you choose,Robutt or a real dog?2 Organise the main points you would like to cover and complete the table.3 Give your talk to the class.Point of view Arguments Supporting details Conclusion Why do Jimmy and his parents have different feelings towards Robutt?Bec
26、ause Jimmy was born on the Moon,he has never seen a real dog.He has been getting along well with Robutt,and thus has developed an affection for him.He cannot figure out why a real dog is better than a mechanical dog,despite his fathers explanation.While Jimmys parents have seen real dogs before they
27、 left Earth.They know what real dogs look like.They think Robutt is just a machine.Now vote for the best speaker.Ask them to share their experiences.Language points 1.Hes at the rocket station,going through the tests.它在火箭站，正在接受测试。(1)“going through the tests”为现在分词短语作伴随状语。(2)go through 在该句子中表示“经历”之意，此
28、外，它还有“查阅；浏览；完成；通过；审查；用完；仔细检查”的含义。e.g.He went through a bad period.他经历了一段艰难的时期。【词汇拓展】go after 追寻；追踪；设法得到 go ahead 前进 go against 背叛；违背；违反；不利于 go wrong 出故障 go in for 爱好；酷爱；从事 go by(指时间)过去 go over 越过；温习2.I havent really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。since引导时间状语从句。3.Tha
29、ts why Im bringing one here.所以我要带过来一只。why引导表语从句。4.I think its the first one ever on the Moon.我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。“its the first one ever on the Moon”为宾语从句。5.Jimmy was out on the crater,as his mother had said.正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。as引导非限制性定语从句。6.The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Eart
30、h,which was low in the southern sky,was nearly full,so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。(1)本句是一个复合句，其中and连接两个并列句，which引导非限制性定语从句，so that引导结果状语从句。(2)southward是副词，意为“向南方”。以-ward结尾的副词都有“向方向”的意思，如forward意为“向前”，northward意为“向北方”。7.The slope was a gentl
31、e one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldnt keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。(1)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事=stop sb.from doing sth.e.g.These worries kept her from sleeping properly.这些烦恼使她睡不好觉。(
32、2)本句中的racing up，in a floating hop等描述非常生动。(3)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词hop。8.Robutt,who could hear him by radio,squeaked and bounded after.靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。who引导非限制性定语从句。9.Jimmy,expert though he was,couldnt outrace Robutt,who didnt need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不
33、过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。本句是主从复合句。though在这里意思是虽然，引导的让步状语从句，expert though he was采用了倒装句式，though引导让步状语从句时句子可用正常语序，也可把表语、状语或谓语动词提前构成倒装。提前的名词前不带冠词；“who didnt need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel”为非限制性定语从句，who是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，指代主句的宾语。10.Jimmy couldnt go wrong while Robutt was around,t
34、ripping him when he was too near a rock,or jumping on him to show how much he loved him,or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock,when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.当罗布特在身边时，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么
35、时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。(1)while引导时间状语从句；三个when都引导时间状语从句；“how much he loved him”为宾语从句；“where he was”为宾语从句。(2)trip 把（某人）绊倒 e.g.He didnt notice me and stretched out his foot suddenly,almost tripping me.他没注意到我，突然伸出脚，差点把我绊倒。11.You know what a dog is,Jimmy.你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。“what a dog is”为宾语从句。12.Thats how he g
36、ot his name.这就是他名字的由来。how引导表语从句。13.He does everything I want him to do,Dad.爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到。“I want him to do”为定语从句，修饰先行词everything。14.Its just programmed to act the way it does.它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。“it does”为定语从句，修饰先行词way。15.Youll see the difference once he gets here.等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。once引导时间状语从句
37、。16.Jimmy looked at Robutt,who was squeaking again,a very low,slow squeak that seemed frightened.吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。who引导定语从句，修饰Robutt；that引导定语从句，修饰squeak。17.Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。(1)hold out意为“伸出（手或手里的东西）”。e.g.She held out her hand
38、 to him.她向他伸出手。(2)bound n.跳跃 e.g.With one bound the dog was over the fence.那条狗一个跳跃就跃过了篱笆。18.Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。as if引导方式状语从句。19.But,Dad,we dont know whats inside the dog,or what his feelings are.但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。or连接两个并列的what引导的宾语从句。20.Ji
39、mmy,youll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.吉米，当你体验到一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。when引导时间状语从句。21.He was frowning,too,and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldnt change his mind.吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。(1)desperate为形容词，意为“绝望的”，同时它还有“拼命的”意思。其副词为desperatel
40、y；名词为desperation。e.g.With nobody to turn to,she found herself in a desperate situation.没有人可以求助，她发现自己陷入了绝望的境地。be desperate for sth.渴望某物 be desperate to do sth.很想做某事 in desperate need of 急需 in desperation 在走投无路的情况下；不顾死活地 (2)that引导宾语从句。22.But whats the difference how they act?那它们在行为上有什么不一样？“how they ac
41、t”为定语从句，修饰difference。23.How about how I feel?那我的想法呢？“how I feel”为宾语从句。24.I love Robutt and thats what counts.我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。(1)“what counts”为表语从句；(2)count在此为不及物动词，表示“重要；有关系”，它还有“认为，算作；数数”的含义。e.g.What really counts is whether you have good computing skills.真正重要的是，你是否拥有良好的计算机水平。【词汇拓展】count.in 把计算在内，包
42、括count.out 不包括count on/upon 依赖，依靠；指望count for much/little 价值大/不大count.as.把看作count up(=add up)把加起来25.And the little robot mutt,which had never been held so tightly in all its existence,squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks.小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。(1)which引导非限制性定语从句。(2)existence为名词，表示“存在；生存”，常为不可数名词，它由 动词exist加名词后缀ence构成。e.g.Reading programmes that use therapy dogs have been in existence for more than ten years.使用治疗犬的阅读项目已经存在了十多年。【词汇拓展】come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 exist vi.存在；生存 exist in 存在于之中 exist on 靠为生 There exists.某地有/存在课堂总结课堂总结Retelling A Boys Best Friend
