1、Grammar and Usage句子成分The sentence elements英语缩写英语缩写n主：S（subject）n谓：V（predicate verb）n宾：O（object）n宾补：C（complement）n表：P（predicative）nn=名词，noun的缩写nadj=形容词，adjective的缩写 nvi=不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写nvt=及物动词，transitive verb的缩写npron=代词，pronoun的缩写，tnsitive verb的缩写英语缩写英语缩写nc=可数名词，countable noun的缩写 nu=不可数名词，
2、uncountable noun的缩写npl=复数，plural的缩写 nnum=数词，numeral的缩写naux.v=助动词，auxiliary的缩写 nadv=副词，adverb的缩写 nart=冠词，article的缩写nconj=连接词，conjunction的缩写 nprep=介词；前置词，preposition的缩写 nint=感叹词，interjection的缩写名词动词代词形容词数词感叹词连词冠词介词副词十大词类实词虚词词类概述句子成分主语谓语宾语表语宾语补足语同位语状语定语主要成分次要成分Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us
3、.句子成分概述 Jane is from Canada.Doing exercise is good for our health.I am very happy.They are friends.主语名词动名词（人称）代词（人称）代词主语（subject）:一个句子谈论的对象，一般是某人或某事物，通常位于_。句首1.Mike likes his bag.2.We study hard.3.To learn English is very easy.4.The little boy is playing basketball now.5.Its very interesting to play
4、 the computers.正确划出下列句子中的主语：1.Doing exercise is good for our health.2.They are playing football.3.It rains.4.He often goes to school by bike.5.I like summer.6.It took them about 3 months to build the house.谓语 We love our country.Gina can speak Chinese.They work very hard.谓语（predicate）:说明_的动作或具备的特征及状
5、态。谓语通常为_词，放在主语之_。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。主语动后1.简单谓语：一个动词或一个短语充当谓语，如：He practices English every day.The plane takes off at five oclock.2.复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+动词原形，如：We can speak English.You must obey the rules.由系动词+表语构成，如：We are students.The cake smells good.l 行为动词（action verbs）表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。She has a new
6、 friend form China.He takes the train every day.l 连系动词（linking verbs）不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。He is popular in school.Trees turn green in spring.l 助动词（auxiliary verbs）不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态等其他语法形式。I dont wanna see you anymore.（否定）We are playing basketball.（进行时态）Do you like tomatoes？（疑问）l 情态动词（m
7、odal verbs）不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。She can speak a little English.I think you should go to college.系动词（linking verb）状态系动词be动词系动词“保持”keep,remain,stay“变得”turn,become,get,grow,go感官表象系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste,seem,look不表具体动作起“联系”作用“像，似乎”seem找找句子的谓语在哪里？1.They like playing compute
8、r.2.Jack can swim.3.My mother looked after two boys.4.We have finished our homework.5.The old man is walking.单个的实义动词情态动词+动词原形单个的短语动词动词的现在完成时态be动词+动词ing表现在进行时态情态动词和助动词_单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。不能1.我们应该努力学习。2.她可能知道了那个消息。3.我们必须多吃蔬菜和水果。We should study hard.She may know that message.We must eat more vegetabl
9、es and fruits.(1)She is playing the piano now.(名词)(2)Im afraid he wont help us.(代词)(3)We are proud of being Chinese.(动名词)(4)He wanted to leave here.(不定式)(5)Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.(从句)(6)Show me your tickets，please.(me作间接宾语；your tickets作直接宾语)注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾
10、语。There is a cat under the table.(the table作under的宾语)宾语指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。1.She plays the piano.2.He often helps me.3.They like going shopping.4.I think that you are cute students.5.You should obey the rules.名词代词动名词/动词不定式that从句名词正确划出下列句子中的宾语：表语Predicate：放在系动词后面，用来表示主语的性质、状态、特征
11、或身份。词语从句She is a teacher.The girl looks beautiful.The leaves turn green.(1)I find the book very interesting.(2)Please keep the dog out.(3)We made him monitor of our class.宾补(1)I find the book very interesting.(形容词作宾补)(2)Please keep the dog out.(副词作宾补)(3)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)(4)Mak
12、e yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补)(5)The doctor advised him to give up smoking.(不定式作宾补)(6)They caught the boy stealing.(现在分词作宾补)(7)He got his leg broken while playing football.(过去分词作宾补)宾语补足语（complement）：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。1.The sun keeps us warm.2.I heard him singing.3.The war made him a sold
13、ier.4.The teacher asks the student to close the window.5.New ideas make everything easy.定语Attributive：用来修饰名词或代词的成分“.的”the little boythe girl in whitetwo peoplea pencil boxthe smiling childhis namethe book bought by himToms jacket形容词介词短语数词名词现在分词过去分词形容词性物主代词名词所有格拓展1.定语从句The student who is reading is m
14、y brother.2.当定语的修饰对象为some,any,every构成的复合不定词时：something interestinganywhere else状语Adverbial：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等1.He sat there quietly.2.They study hard to get a bright future.3.Jane is often late for the class.4.We saw that film in the cinema.5.The teacher will come at 3 oclo
15、ck.句子成分意义充当词类例句主语“什么人”“什么事物”n.pron.num.to do,doing，句子We study in Hengyun Middle School.谓语“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”动词或动词词组宾语动作行为的对象同主语We like English.表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a doctor.句子成分意义充当词类例句例句定语用来修饰名词或代词We have eight lessons every day.状语表时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结等副词、介短或句子1.He works very hard.2.They held a party in Hollywood.宾补逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形、名、介短等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
