1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、冠词【知识要点】1、冠词分为三类：定冠词(the)，不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词（即：名词前不使用冠词）。2、不定冠词的用法： 不定冠词基本用法：表示某一类或某一类中的某一个，表示类指、泛指。如： He is a student. 表示“每一”，与every / per同义。 He visited his parents a / every / per week.用于第一次提到的、对方不知道的名词前。 A man is waiting for you. 后接表示姓名的专有名词，表示“像这样的人”。如：He wants to be a Lu Xun. 用于一些习惯
2、用语、固定搭配中。如：at a loss, come to an end, all of a sudden, in a word, as a whole, have a knowledge of, have a population of, have a walk, take a rest, make a decision/plan, draw a conclusion, have a rest, have/take a look, have a history/population/knowledge of, a pair of, a number of, a lot of3、定冠词的用法：
3、 定冠词基本用法：表示说话双方都知道的人或事物，或特指某（些）人或事物，表示确指、特指。Who is the boy there? He is Tom. 上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的对象。There is a pen here.The pen is Toms. 世上独一无二的名词前。The earth goes around the sun. 序数词、最高级前。the first time the most beautiful 乐器名称前（西洋乐器）。the violin ；the piano 有后置定语、定语从句、s名词所有格限定的名词前。the September of 2011 the
4、book that you gave me the house to be built next month 与表示姓氏的名词的复数连用，表示夫妇俩或一家人。The Browns are having their dinner. the+某人姓名，表“某人的作品”或“某品牌的产品”。Yesterday, I bought the Lining. 用在比较级前表示两者中“更的一个”。He is the taller of the two boys. 固定短语中。all the time, all the same, to the point, in the end, by the end, ta
5、ke the place of, The morethe more4、零冠词的用法： 不可数名词前。I need some water.He is full of imagination. 指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日前的名词前。It is cold in winter here.Supper is very important.Today is Wednesday. 指棋类、球类运动的名词前。I like football. 表示头衔、职务的名词前，表示“头衔、职务”。He was made president.Barack Hussein Obama II became presi
6、dent of the United Sates. 短语搭配中：成对出现的短语：young and old teacher and student husband and wife knife and fork bread and butter day and night brother and sister介词短语： at night at ease at war in peace in prison in church at sea 动词短语： go to school go to hospital put into prison go to work go to bed make fri
7、ends with对称名词：day by day arm in arm day after day hand in hand from head to foot5、特殊情况： 表示乐器的名词：如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词来修饰；如果这个名词被用来表示此类乐器的曲子，那么此时这个名词为不可数名词，前面就不能使用冠词了（即：应该使用零冠词）。如：Yesterday I bought a violin.I like listening to violin. 表示发明物的名词，如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词。如：Yesterday I bought a computer. 如果抽
8、象名词表示具体的某一次（即：抽象名词具体化）时，前面要使用a/an进行限定；如果指具体的一次，前面则需要使用the进行限定。如：The project of yesterday was a success.The success (of the project) made him famous overnight. 如果指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日的名词前有形容词修饰，表示该名词具备的某种性质或特征时，前面需要加a/an进行修饰；如果是特指哪一个月份、星期、季节、节假日，或哪一顿饭，前面需要使用the来进行限定。如：a hot summer a quick breakfast a su
9、nny Fridaya wonderful AprilThe summer (of this year) is so hot.The breakfast is delicious. 指球类运动的名词，如果不指运动种类，而是指物体本身，表示泛指意义时，前面需要使用a/an进行修饰；表示特指意义时，前面要使用the进行限定。如：I bought a football yesterday.I like the football very much. 如果表示头衔、职称、职务的名词被用来指代担任此职务的人时，前面可以使用the进行限定；如果不止一个人担任此职务，那么名词前可以使用a/an进行修饰。如：
10、The president of that country will visit China next week.A vice chairman will host the meeting.【练习】单句语法填空1._ man is waiting for you.2._ woman in red is waiting for you.3._ woman in red is Toms mother.4.Life needs _ water.5._ water in the river has been polluted.6.Cathy is _ best friend of my mother.
11、7.Cathy is _ friend of my mothers.8.Would you please give me _ advice about how to learn English well?9.You can get _ information from the Internet.10.All _ information on the Internet isnt believable.11.He likes play _ football.Yesterday his parents bought him _ football as his birthday gift.He lik
12、es _ football very much.12.To own a healthy body, you must have _ breakfast.13.The alarm was broken.He had _ quick breakfast and rushed to work.14._ breakfast this morning is so delicious.15.Listen! Someone is playing _ piano.I feel familiar with _ piano.What _ amazing piano it is.16.We made Catheri
13、ne _ monitor.17._ monitor came into the classroom, announcing that wed have an outing tomorrow.18.Finally, it came to _ end.19.This city has _ population of 6 million.20.China has _ history of more than 5, 000 years.21.Nowadays, having _ knowledge of a foreign language is a must.22.All of _ sudden,
14、a motorbike rushed out from the corner.23.We need _ plenty of water.24.The apple is so delicious.I want to have _ second.25.Is there _ Mr.White here?26.He really wants to be _ Newton one day.27.To some people, _ Lu Xun is difficult to understand.28.He is _ father of the two.29.I have no work for you
15、 for _ moment.You can have a rest for _ moment.30.He visited his parents twice _ week.31.Electricity is a kind of _ energy.32.This is my _ friend.33.He wants to turn _ scientist in the future.34._ Y (y)oungest as he is, he is the tallest of us.35.You can go there by _ bus.Or you can also take _ taxi
16、.36._ Browns are having dinner.37._ Childrens Day is the festival for children.38.Failure is the mother of _ success.39.The meeting today is _ success.40.This is _ first time that I have been here.41.The workers are paid by _ hour.42.He was beaten on _ shoulder.43.Turn _ left, and you will find the
17、cinema on _ right.44.As _ result, he was late again.45._C(c)offee, please.二、数词【知识要点】1、数词表示数目和次序，分为基数词（one, two, ）、序数词（the first, the second, ）、和表示大概数量的数量限定词（some, any, many, several, ）。2、数词表示：（1）“基数词+ten/ hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion/ dozen/ score+复数名词”或“tens/ hundreds/ thousands/ millions/ b
18、illions/ dozens/ scores of +复数名词”（2）时刻表示： 几点：“基数词+（oclock）” 11 oclock 11点 几点过几分：“分钟past小时” 10 past 11 11:10 几点差几分：“分钟to小时” 10 to 11 10:50（3）年月表示 世纪：“（in） the 序数词 century” (in) the 16th century 16世纪 年代：“(in) the 基数词s” (in) the 1940s 20世纪40年代（4）年月日表示 年份：“(in) 基数词” in 1940 1940年 月份：“in+月份” in May 五月份 日
19、期：“on 月份+序数词”或“on 序数词 +月份” on Oct.1st 或 on 1st Oct. 10月1日（5）四则运算表示 加法：“加”用plus, and, add表示，等于用is, make, equal表示。How much is two plus four? 2+4=? 减法：“减”用minus或take from表示。 How much is eleven minus seven? 11-7=? 乘法：“乘”用time或multiply表示。How much is 7 times 7? 77=？ 除法：“除”用divide的过去分词形式（divided）表示。How muc
20、h is 20 divided by four? 204=？（6）分数表示：“基数词（分子）-序数词（-s）（分母）”：one-third 1/3 three-fifths 3/5（7）小数表示：“基数词point基数词”：one hundred twenty five point four six 125.46（8）百分数表示：“基数词+percent”： 29 percent 29% （9）长、宽、高、重量、面积等度量衡表示：“基数词+单位词+形容词”或“基数词+单位词+in+形容词的同根名词”： ten meters long/ in length ten meters wide/ in
21、 width（10）温度表示：“基数词+degree(s)+单位词（centigrade/ Fahrenheit）”： 10 10摄氏度（11）倍数表示：“基数词+times +比较结构”： The house is three times bigger than that one.The house is three times as big as that one.（12）年龄表示：“in ones 基数词的复数形式”：in his thirties 30多岁（13）数词与名词构成的合成词作定语three-hour journey 三小时的旅行a 13-year-old boy 一个13岁
22、的小男孩（14）数词与名词的连用 修饰可数名词的数量词：基数词, many, (a) few, a number of, tens/ hundreds/ thousands/ millions/ billions/ of。 修饰不可数名词的数量词：much, (a) little, a great deal of。 修饰不可数名词和可数名词的数量词：some, any, a lot of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, plenty of。【练习】单句改错1.Two thousands people are having a meeting
23、 there.2.I havent some water.3.Can you give me any help?4.There isnt plenty of water.5.Two-fifth of students disagreed.6.This is the three football Ive bought.7.There is too many water here.8.He is in his fifty.9.Friday is the five day of a week.10.I dont want any more orange.I have had many.11.Thre
24、e hundreds people are waiting there.12.We need many water.13.From his teacher, he learned a lot of.14.He is only a 3-years-old boy.15.He is about in his sixty.16.Two-third of the forest has been destroyed.17.“A” is the one letter of the English alphabet.18.The river is about 5 meters width.19.He was
25、 born in May 1, 2004.20.This new building is three time higher than the old one.【答案】一、1.A 2.A/The 3.The 4./ 5.The 6.the 7.a 8./ 9./ 10.the11./; a; the 12./ 13.a 14.The 15.the; the; / 16./ 17.The 18.an 19.a 20.a 21.a 22.a 23./ 24.a 25.a 26.a 27.the 28.the 29.the; a 30.a 31./ 32./ 33./ 34./ 35./; a 36
26、.The 37./ 38./ 39.a 40.the 41.the 42.the 43./; the 44.a 45.A二、1.thousandsthousand 2.someany 3.anysome 4.plenty ofmuch/ enough 5.Two-fifthtwo-fifths 6.threethird 7.manymuch 8.fiftyfifties 9.fivefifth 10.manymuch 11.hundredshundred 12.manymuch 13.of去掉 14.3-years-old3-year-old 15.sixtysixties 16.Two-thirdTwo- thirds 17.onefirst 18.widthwide或width前加in 19.inon 20.timetimes6
