1、八年级英语下册Unit2复习一、知识点【Section A】P91. clean up “打扫(或清除)干净”.eg: I oftenclean upmy room on weekends.2. cheer up“使变得高兴,振奋起来”(动副词组)eg:Lets sing a song for herto cheer her up.(cheer让她高兴起来)3. give out=hand out“分发;散发”(动副词组)eg:Canyougive the books out,please?(give分发这些书)4. volunteer to do sth自愿做某事(volunteer也可作名
2、词,“志愿者”)P101.put off“推迟”(动副词组)eg:You shouldntput off doingyour homework.You should doyour homeworknow,you shouldntput it off.2.notice sbdo sth 注意到某人做了某事notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事(notice 作名词讲“通知,通告,布告”)e up with=think up 想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)eg:Can youthink up/come up witha good idea?4.help out with.帮
3、着做某事help sb out 帮某人摆脱困境5.usedto do sth过去常常做某事eg:Iused to getup late,but now Iamusedto gettingup early.我过去常常起得晚,但现在我习惯了早起。*used to否定为didnt use to/usednt to.eg:I didnt use to get up late./I usednt to get up late.6.lonely adj.“孤独的;寂寞的”,也可表示“偏僻的;人迹罕至的”.eg:Tom feels/is lonely.Tom感到孤独。I live in a lonely v
4、illage.我住在一个偏僻的乡村。7.care for“照顾;照料”=look after=take care of*look after well=take good care of 照顾好*care about “关心;在意”P111.give up“放弃”(动副词组)eg:give it up. give up doing sth.2.such a strong feeling of satisfaction.“如此强烈的满足感”(拓展)such 与 so.“如此;这样”such.adj. such a/an +adj+可数n.单数eg:such a cute pandasuch+ad
5、j.+可数名词复数eg:such interesting booksso+adj.+a/an+可数n.单数eg:so cute a pandaso many(多)/much(多)/few(少)/little(少)+n.eg:so many peopleso much money3.try out.“参加.选拔、试用”.(表示“参加.选拔”时,常与for连用)eg:Lily went totry out forthe singing competition.Lily去参加了唱歌比赛的选拔。P121.put up张贴(动副词组)eg:The man is putting up the notice
6、.那个人正在张贴通告。(拓展)give up放弃;get up起床;cut up切碎;dress up装扮grow up长大;clean up打扫干净;cheer up振奋起来pick up捡起2.try to do sth 努力做某事;设法做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事3.raise money for.“为.筹钱”4.stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth停止正在做的事5.alone adv.“独自;单独地” He likes living alone.他喜欢独自住。adj.“独自的;单独的” He is alone at home.他一
7、个人在家。*alone与lonely,后者强调人内心感到孤独.eg:Jane was alone at home,but she didnt feel lonely.Jane一个人在家,但她不感到孤独。【Section B】P131.run out of=use up用完eg:I ran out of my paper this morning.今天上午我把纸用完了。(拓展)run out of也可表示“从.中跑出来”。run out“用尽;耗尽”(主语通常是被使用的事物,后不接宾语)eg:My paper ran out this morning.今天上午我的纸用完了。2.take afte
8、r “(外貌或行为)像”eg:Tom takes after his father.Tom像他的爸爸。(拓展)look like “看上去像.”,多指外貌,既可指人,也可指物be like “像”可指外貌,也可指性格。3.fix up“修理;装饰”(动副词组) 单三-fixeseg:My bike doesnt work,could you fix it up for me?4,be similar to“与.相像、类似”eg:My schoolbag is similar to yours.P141.write a letter to sb=write sb a letter=write t
9、o sb 给某人写信注意:hear from sb 收到某人的来信2.thank you for doing sth=thanks for doing sth因做某事而感谢你eg:Thank you for helping me with my English.3.give sth to sb=give sb sth把某物给某人注意:give接双宾语时只能用第一个形式。eg:Give the book to him.=Give him the bookGive it to him.只有这一个说法,而give him it是错误的。4.make a difference to.“对.产生影响”m
10、ake a big difference to. 对.有很大影响make no difference to. 对.没有影响5.imagine doing stheg:I cant imagine being a deaf.我无法想象变成聋子会是什么样子。6.difficulty作可数n.,意为“困难;难题;难事”,复数形式为difficulties。difficult为adj.difficulty表抽象意义上的困难,是不可数n.have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难7.a friend of mine=one of my friends8.help sb ou
11、t 帮某人摆脱困难;帮某人解决难题eg:They helped us out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们大扫除。9.a special trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗 (trained过去分词做adj.意思是:训练过的)train做及物v.“训练;培训”train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事train sb in sth 在某方面训练某人或培养某人train作不及物v.“锻炼”,相对于exercisetrain n.火车training 可数n.训练;培训10.be excited about 对.感到兴奋,激动be excited to do
12、 sth 对做某事感到兴奋exciting 令人激动的 excited 兴奋的;激动的eg:I am excited about the exciting news.11.change ones life 改变某人的生活P161、take an interest in = be interested in 对.感兴趣2、be strong in = be good at = do well in 擅长;在.方面做得好3、work out fine = work out well “奏效”work out “成功地发展;算出;解决问题” (动副词组)二、动词不定式一、动词不定式做主语1.动词不定
13、式直接做主语。如:To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对人或物的品格进行评价,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,impossible等。例1:It is imponant _ people_ good manners(礼貌)
14、.A.for;to learn B.of;to learnC.for;learn D.of;learn解析:A。句中的important是描述性形容词,因此用介词for,后接动词不定式做真实主语。故选A。“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。例2:Let me help you carry the box,Granny.Thank you,Li Lei.Its very nice _ yo
15、u _ me.A.of;to help B.for;to helpC.of;helping D.for;helping解析:A。句中的形容词nice是表示人的品质的形容词,因此后接介词of。of后面的动词不定式做句子的真实主语。故选A。3.“Its a/ones+n.(task/duty/job).+to do sth.”意为“做某事是的任务/职责/工作”。如:Its my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。例3:Its our duty _ our city clean and beautiful.Yes.We should do something for i
16、t.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping解析:A。考查“Its ones+名词+动词不定式”的用法。故选A。二、动词不定式作表语动词不定式做表语,一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish,idea,works,task,job,aim等词。如:My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。He seemed to have heard nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。三、动词不定式做宾语动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一,具体用法分为两种情况:1、一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语这类动词有want(
17、想要),decide(决定),ask(问、寻求),learn(学习),tell(告诉),teach(教、讲授),hope(希望),plan(计划),refuse(拒绝),expect(期待、期望),afford(负担得起),warn(警告),invite(邀请)等。例4:They decided _ a bridge over the river.A.build B.to build C.building解析:B。decide to do sth.意为“决定去做某事”。例5: Some children cant afford _ necessarystationary.Lets donate
18、 our pocket money to them.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought解析:C。afford to do sth.意为“有能力去做某事”。故选C。2.think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it做形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。例6:I found _ not very easy _ to ride a bike.A.that;learn B.it;to learn C.that;to learn解析:B。句意为:我发现学骑自行车不是很容易。f
19、ound后用it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式,故选B。四、动词不定式做宾语补足语1.后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有ask,want,tell,wish,would like,teach,invite,advise,allow,order,encourage,warn等。例7:My friend invited me _ the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining解析:B。invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。例8:Mr.Sm
20、ith told his son _ the football match because of the exam.A.not to watch B.to not watchC.not watching D.doesnt watch解析:A。tell sb.not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选A。2.后接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:一感(feel);二听(hear,listen to);三使(make,let,have);四看(see,watch,notice,look at)”。但要注意的是:在被动语态结构中,应还原动词不定式符号to。例9:what hap
21、pens when you hear a strange noise at night,or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom?It often makes us _ .A.jump B.to jump C.jumping D.jumped解析:A。make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。例10:The girl was made_ her brothers clothes.A.to washB.washC.washing解析:A。make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,用于被动语态时,省去的不定式符号to要
22、加上,故选A。五、动词不定式做定语1.动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后,做后置定语。例11: We dont have enough money for our fieldtrip.What shall we do?The best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raiseB.to raiseC.raising解析:B。答语句意为:筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。to raise money做way的后置定语。故选B。2.如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。例12:When
23、you move somewhere new,the first thing for you is to find a place _.A.to liveB.living inC.to live in解析:C。句意为:当你搬到一个新的地方时,首先要找一个住处。句中用动词不定式做定语修饰名词,并和所修饰的名词存在动宾关系,排除B项;当动词不定式做定语和前面的名词存在动宾关系,动词若是不及物动词,需要在不定式后面加适当的介词。故选C。六、动词不定式做状语时可以表示目的、结果或原因等。例13:when you leave,please turn off the lights _ energy.A.s
24、ave B.to save C.saving D.saved解析:B。本题考查动词不定式做目的状语的用法。句意为:当你离开的时候,请关上所有的灯,以便节约能源。根据句意可知,关灯的目的是节约能源。故选B。例14:Mr.Li is a kind-hearted man.Though he is not rich,he always does everything he can _ the homeless children.A.to support B.supportC.supporting D.supported解析:A。本题考查动词不定式做目的状语的用法。句意为:李先生是个好心人。虽然他并不
25、富有,但他总是愿意竭尽所能地帮助无家可归的孩子。故选A。七、特殊疑问词+动词不定式特殊结构中的动词不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,why,when,how,where等词连用,构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语此结构通常位于下列动词之后:tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,find,out,ask,understand等。例15:So beautiful flowers!I cant decide _for my mom.For Mothers Day,it cant be better to takesome carn
26、ation (康乃馨).A.when to chooseB.which to chooseC.how to choose解析:B。考查含有特殊疑问词的动词不定式的用法。句意为:如此美丽的花朵我不知道给妈妈买哪一种。在母亲节,最好送康乃馨。when to choose“什么时候买”;which to choose“买哪一种”;how to choose“怎样选择”。结合句意,选B。例16:I really dont know _ this question.It is too hard.A.which to answerB.how to answerC.what to answer解析:B。句意
27、为:我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。对“方式或手段”进行提问用疑问词how。故选B。三、动词短语动词与其它词语一起构成的表示动作的短语叫动词短语。短语的结构可分为以下六种基本类型:1、动词+副词这种动词短语若是及物动词时要注意,名词做宾语可以放在副词前面,也可以放在副词后面。若是人称代词做宾语,人称代词要放在动词和副词之间。常见的动副词组有:clean up 打扫cheer up 使某某高兴起来;振奋起来give out=hand out 分发put off 推迟fix up 修理put up 张贴give up 放弃give away 捐赠hand in 上交turn on/off
28、打开/关掉turn up/down 调大/调小2、动词+介词动词+介词的短语在词意上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词的后面。常见的有:look after 照顾take after (长得)像hear from 听说wait for 等候;等待care for 照顾laugh at 嘲笑worry about 担心listen to 听look at 看agree with 同意pay for 付款belong to 属于3、动词+副词+介词这类动词短语,动词、副词、介词三者紧密结合,成为一体,相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是放在介词后面。(介词后接动词要用-ing形式)常见的有:run ou
29、t of 花光,用尽get out of 离开come up with 想出look forward to 盼望4、动词+名词常见的有;take/ have a rest 休息make mistakes 犯错误take a walk 散步5、动词+名词+介词这类短语只用作及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语位于介词后。常见的有:make friends with 与.交朋友pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾have a look at 看一看6、be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词常见的有:be late for 迟到be good at 擅长be similar to 与.相似be strict to 对.要求严格be different from 与.不同be busy with 忙于be excited about对.感兴奋;激动be worried about 担心7