1、高考英语从属连词知识讲解一、Subordinating Conjuction1.引导时间状语从句的连词：这类连词主要有：when：Dont get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.When he comes Ill tell him about it.We were going to the zoo when we met her.We wear plimsolls when doing physical exercises.He gave good practical advice when asked.Often she
2、 would weep when alone.while:We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restless.While the discussion was going on Peter came in.While I was having dinner Ann was packing.While doing so, we deciede to sell the boat.He had an accident while on his way here.as:As he spoke two men
3、 came up.As she was leaving, Mr White saw her.He smiled as he passed.As she sang tears ran down her cheeks.Even as a boy he was hopeless at maths.before:Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.It wasnt long before he told us about it.I slipped out before the lecture started.J
4、ust before I left London I sent him a telegraph.after:I arrived after he had left.After he had said a few words, I took his floor.Soon after we returned, the child vomited.Ill tell them after you have left.until, till:We danced and danced until they all joined in.Go away until I have finished speaki
5、ng to your father.It was not until I saw her next morning that I felt happy.Ill take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.He determined to stay till (until) the year was up.since:How long is it since you came to London?He has never been to see me since I have been ill
6、.Since Marie had left, Martha had married.It was years since I had seen her.whenever:You can borrow my car whenever you want.I go and visit him whenever Im in town.Whenever he stayed home he went to bed early.Whenever anyone was ill he installed himself as sick-nurse.Whenever possible, they play out
7、side.还有一些其他类型的时间状语从句，例如：Next time you come in, please close the door.Did he tell you anything important the last time he saw you?Now (that) youre well again you can travel.Once you have learned Spanish you will find Italian easy.Immediately she entered, his eyes lit up.Shell come over as soon as Ive
8、 settled down.No sooner had she arrived than she began to complain.The moment he spoke I recognized his voice.Hardly had we got out when it began to snow.Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.这些句子中的某些词（组）起着连词的作用（如as soon as, no sooner.than, the moment., hardly.）,有的词甚至已经变成连词（如immediately, now, n
9、ow that）。2.引导条件状语从句的连词：条件状语从句主要由if，unless，supposing （suppose）引导：if：I must leave if thats the case.What would Diana think of him if he failed?If she said so, shes a liar.If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.If necessary, ring me at home.He will come if asked.If convenient, Ill be with you nex
10、t Tuesday.unless:I wont write unless he writes first.Unless Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.Ill go there tomorrow unless it rains.Hed never do this unless compelled.Unless redeemed, itll be for sale.supposing:Supposing that he asks you, will you go?Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will we d
11、o then?Supposing (that) youre wrong, what will you do then?suppose:Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then?Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?provided:I will agree to go provided (providing) (that) my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family
12、could go with her.providing:Ill dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.条件状语从句还有其他形式：You will always have a home as long as I have anything.I dont mind your knowing anything as long as it goes no further.In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.Theyll stand by you ev
13、en if you dont succeed.Were I Tom I would refuse.Should you require anything, just let me know.Had I thought of it, Id have talked to mother.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起着连词的作用。二、Subordinating Conjuction1.引导目的状语从句的连词：这类连词主要有：in order that：He left early in order that his children wou
14、ld not be alone in the house.I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussion undisturbed.I lent him $50 in order (so) that he might go for a holiday.so that:Ask her to hurry up with the letter so that I can sign them.Please interpret this Chinese womans remarks so that I can underst
15、and.He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.so:Cant you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?Check carefully, so any mistakes could be caught.Ill give him a map so he wont get lost.that:She didi it that he might go free.I am anxious to get it done that I may be back in Ireland.I tell y
16、ou this that you may not shrink from the responsibility.lest:He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.He was very cautious lest he should be discovered by his wife.He hid the money lest it should be stolen.She worried for fear that her son would be hurt.She didnnt dare to call me for fear they
17、might hear us.Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold.Ill stay in the hotel in case there is news of Harry.这里的 for fear（that）， in case都起连词的作用。2.引导结果状语从句的连词：条件状语从句主要由 so.that 和 such.that 引导：so.that：He was so young that you must excuse him.Bill pitched so well that everyone cheered him.He was so
18、 fat that he couldnt get through the door.So absorbed was he that she didnt dare to make s sound.such.that:Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.that有时可以省略
19、，特别在口语中：They were so tired they could do nothing but yawn.There was such a draught, its no wonder he caught a cold.so that也可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此”:One of her lungs is affected so that she has to rest.It fell under my desk, so that I couldnt see it.so也可以引导这类从句:It was dark so I couldnt see very well.She fel
20、t very tired so she went to bed early.so 和 that 之间有时可稍稍作停顿：His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe.Explain it so that a 10-year-old boy could understand it.三、Subordinating Conjuction1.引导原因状语从句的连词：这类连词主要有 because，since，as：because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如：I
21、stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里。Lisa didnt come to school because she was ill. Lisa因病没有来上学。It is because I have stayed here for more than 10 years that I dont want to move to other cities. 是因为我们在这里已经住了10多年了，所以我不想搬到其他城市去。（强调句型）Key Point：直接原因、回答why、强调句型since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”、“既
22、然”，语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如：Since he is asking you, youd better tell him why. 他既然在问你，你最好告诉他为什么。Since everyone is here, lets set out. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！Key Point：通过中文“既然”去理解as是常用词，它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。例如：We all like her
23、as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。Key Point：理由显而易见或不重要【扩展】for和becausefor与because相似，但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况。for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句子)，用逗号隔开，且for不可置于句首，for的这一用法常用在书面语中，较正式。例如：The day is getting shorter and shorter, for it is Dece
24、mber now. 白天越来越短了，因为现在已是十二月份。It must have rained, for the ground is wet. (从“地面潮湿”作出“下过雨”的推测，但地湿并不一定是下雨所致, for不可以换为because。)Key Point：附加或推断的理由除了以上我们最熟悉的三个原因状语从句的连词，我们有时还会看到这些引导原因状语从句的连词：seeing (that), considering (that), now that等引导，例如：Seeing that hes been ill all week, hes unlikely to come.鉴于他已经病了一个
25、星期，他来的可能性不大。We could have joint party, seeing your birthday is the same day as mine.由于你我的生日在同一天，我们可以办一个联合晚会。Considering he has only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.考虑到他刚刚开始，对此他算是知道得很多了。Considering youve only been studying for a year, you speak English very well.考虑到你学英语才一年，你英语讲得算是很好的了。Now
26、 that you have the chance you had better avail yourself on it.你有了机会，你最好用起来。Please dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged.现在一切都安排好了，请不要打退堂鼓。Key Point：seeing (that), considering (that), now that和since意思相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that都可以省略。【扩展】特殊用法：心理活动类形容词+that，也起到了原因状语从句的作用（that）可以省略，例如：She
27、 was glad that she had controlled herself. 她很高兴因为她控制住了自己。He felt ashamed that he had done so little. 他为自己做的这么少而感到惭愧。I am awfully sorry that this has happened. 发生了这事情我非常遗憾。Im very pleased youve decided to come. 你决定来我很高兴。Im disappointed that they cannot come. 他们不能来我很失望。I am surprised I didnt see that
28、before. 我很吃惊我以前没有看到这一点。2.引导让步状语从句的连词：让步状语从句，属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”等，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though，although，while，as； even if，even though； whether.or.； no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever，regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，in spite of。!切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。though， althoug
29、h表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：My will remains firm though I must lower my physical sights.尽管我得降低体育（锻炼）的目标，但我的意志是坚强的。Though I believe it, I must consider. 尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。Although/Though he was exhausted, he(still)
30、 kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但他仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。Key Point：although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。as（though）表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意，as引导的让步状语从句必须
31、以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：Object as/though you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. =（Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was,
32、he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 尽管我爱城市，但我知道，以往的乡村生活使我受益匪浅。Sm
33、all as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units.尽管原子很小，但它们由更小的单位构成。whether由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比较强烈的，从而也更加坚定了主句的内容。例如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, its true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。Whether o
34、r not they win this battle, they wont win the war.不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。“no matter+疑问词=疑问词-ever含义为“都；不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are, you must keep the law.（=Whoever you are, you
35、must keep the law.）不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether hes a superior or servant, its proper to say“Thank you”. 只要任何人替你做了一件事，不管事情多么微不足道，也不管他是你的上司还是你的仆人，你都应该说声“谢谢”。但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what)
36、 you say， I wont believe you. （Whatever 引导让步状语句）无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。Ill eat whatever （no matter what） you give me. （whatever引导宾语从句）你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句)不管谁来都受到欢迎。此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：While I like the colour， I dont like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。综上所述，我
37、们可以看出，学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用；其次，要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。But whether its a friendly rivalry or a fight to the death,the end result is the same. 但不管是友好竞争还是生死决斗，结果总是相同。even if/even though都表示即使，但用法不同，even if一般指带有一些假设含义的让步，即所让步内容不一定是客观事实。而even though的让步内容更偏向于对事实的让步。因此，even if并不等于even though。Even if I didnt happen to meet you that day，I would still try my best to find you.即使我那天没有碰巧遇到你，我也会尽我所能去找到你。Even though I pass the exam this time，I have to worry about the next exam which perhaps I will fail.即使我这次考试及格了，我也不得不去担心下一次也许我会考不及格的考试。7
