1、2024年中考英语语法分类总复习名词名词的分类： 名词按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。 普通名词按其可数性可分为 名词和 名词。一、可数名词及其单复数 (观察所举例子，试着自己总结。)可数名词的复数形式有： 1. 规则变化： 1）_如：map-_ field-_ 补充例子：_2）_但stomach的复数是_如：virus-_，box-_， dish-_， match-_补充例子：_3）_如：leaf-_ thief-_ knife-_补充例子：_4）_+y结尾，_如：party-_ factory-_ family-f_补充例子：_但是：以元音字母y结尾的，_. 如:_5） 大部分以O结尾的
2、单词直接在后面加s如： _但特殊单词变化： hero-_ mango-_ potato-_ tomato-_2. 不规则变化 1) 变内部元音字母。 如： man -_ woman-_ Englishman-_ foot-_ tooth-_ goose-_但要注意特殊的几个单词变化： 如： German-_ Walkman-_ human-_2）_如： fish-_ goldfish-_ sheep-_ spacecraft - _ Japanese-_ Chinese-_3）其他特殊变化 如mouse-_； child-_4）复合名词的复数形式。复合名词变复数时，一般只要把最后一个构成部分变
3、为复数形式即可。 如： a girl student - five _但第一个名词是man或woman时,则必须将_，如：man doctor -_男医生 woman teacher -_女教师-_Attention:几家鞋店 一双运动鞋 一家服装店 Exercises1. -Mum, today is your day, the Womens Day. Here are some (flower) for you. -Its very thoughtful of you. Thanks, Kitty. 2. Many (butterfly) have round marks on their
4、 wings that looks like eyes. 3. The babys first front (牙齿) are just coming through. 4. Could you pass the (knife) to me? We need them to make pumpkin lanterns. 5. Most of the tourists on the coach are (German), only two of them are _(Japanese).6. Our modern times need more and more (hero) for us to
5、learn from. 7. (节日) like Christmas and Halloween are also popular in China now. 8. -What are they doing there?-All the teachers and students are having a meeting. 二、 不可数名词量的表达试回忆有哪些不可数名词：_不可数名词量的表达：一条新闻 两件家具 一条面包 两盒牛奶 一袋食糖 三公斤肉 1. He gave me less (建议) than you did.2. There are little (rabbit) on the
6、 hill.既可以做可数名词又可以做不可数名词的有：_Attention:可数不可数few/a fewlittle/a littleA bit of lots of/ a lot ofa great deal ofa number ofmanymuchExercises:1. There is much on the street.2. He has plenty of about history, so his students admire(钦佩) him.3. We can get a great deal of as soon as we click the mouse.4. What
7、 _ （巨大的进步）he has made!5. _ we had in the park yesterday!(玩得开心) 6. 今天天气真好啊！（感叹句两种表达）_三、名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三类:1) s 形式的所有格 今天的报纸 教师节 儿童节 someones book somebody elses pencilMary and her sisters bedroom (两者共有) Toms and Marys bags (两者分别拥有)10分钟的步行路程(2种) 在牙医诊所 2) of 或 to 短语构成的所有格 一张中国地图 树的叶子 这扇门的钥匙 这家电影院
8、的入口 这个问题的答案 3) 双重所有格 我爸的朋友之一(2种) 我的一张照片 一本玛丽的书 Exercises:1. The theme park is about ride from the museum. You should start out right now. (两个小时的车程)2. Ive got a toothache, so I need to go to the (牙医).3. Its very good that the girls survey has been handed in. How about the (boy)?4. The guide has colle
9、cted all the (游客们) ID cards. 5. Kate won the _ race in the summer sports meeting.（100米比赛）四、相关的词性转换 （_(词性)+后缀名词）1) _加后缀ness 如：_2) _加后缀ment 如：_ 3) _加后缀ion 如：_4) _加后缀ance 如：_ 5) _加后缀ing 如：_6) _变末尾t为ce 如：_ 7) _以y结尾 如：_8) _结尾加th 如：_ 9) _加后缀er或or 如：_注意双写：_ 代词一、人称代词：1. 人称代词并列使用时, 单数时，常按_排列. 复数时，常按_排列。2. it
10、除了用来指代动物或事物的常见用法外，还可以1）指人，主要指不知性别的孩子或不明身份的人。There is a knock at the door. Who is _?2）做形式主语或形式宾语。常见结构有：作形式主语：_ is difficult for me to help him with his homework._ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month._ is amazing that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes i
11、n the cave._ is (well) worth visiting the Great Wall.作形式宾语：I make _ a rule to do more reading after getting up. He found _difficult to finish the work in such a short time.二、物主代词：1. 区分使用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词1）形容词性物主代词用在名词前作定语 ，相当于形容词。2）名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、宾语和表语 3）形容词性物主代词+名词可转化成_Exercise:1. If you dont
12、 have a dictionary on hand, you may use _.2. May I use your pen? _ works better.3. His shoes are new, but mine _old.(be)2. 使用物主代词要注意： 1）名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语的单复数取决于它所代替的名词的单复数。His shoes are new, but mine _old.(be) 2）“of + 名词性物主代词” 短语可以作名词的后置定语,表示所属。 a friend of hers, an uncle of mine三、反身代词: _ 常见的含反身代词的短语：1
13、. 及物动词后。dress oneself hurt oneself help oneself to devote oneself toenjoy oneself teach oneself sth. =learn sth. by oneselflose oneself in 2. 介词后。look after oneself say/talk to oneself by oneself, keep secrets to oneself come to oneselfExercise:1. If our parents do everything for us children, we won
14、t learn to depend on_. 2. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by _ next Sunday. 四、指示代词：1. 电话用语中“this”相当于“我”, “ that”指对方。2.在比较级中，that和those可以替代相同比较事物，避免重复。1） As for learning English, students who read a lot can do much better than _who dont.2）The weather in Nanjing is hotter than _in Beiji
15、ng. 五、不定代词1. 复合不定代词在使用时要注意： 1）当形容词或副词修饰不定代词时,不定代词在前 2）一般情况下,由some构成的不定代词用在肯定句中;由any构成的不定代词用在一般疑问句中或否定句中，但在表示请求或建议的一般疑问句中用some构成的不定代词.Would you like something to eat?Why not ask someone to help you?肯定句中也可以用any,表示“任何”If you have _ questions, please put up your hand.2、辨析neither, either, both, all, none
16、1）五个词的基本含义和常见搭配。含义作主语时对应的谓语动词常见短语both复数allall作主语，指代不可数名词时，谓语用单数。指代可数名词复数时，谓语用复数。neither常用单数nonenone作主语，指代不可数名词时，谓语用单数。指代可数名词时，谓语可用单数也可用复数either常用单数*bothand(和都)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式*neithernor(既不也不)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词由接近的主语决定。*eitheror(或者或者)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词由接近的主语决定。Exercise:1. I asked two people the way to th
17、e station, but _ of them helped me.2. There are many tall trees on _side of the road.2） 辨析none, nothing, no one, nobody （1)none既可指人也可指物,no one和nobody只能指人,nothing只指物.（2)none常和of连用,而no one, nobody, nothing则不能.（3)none做主语时,可看作三单,也可以是复数;而no one和nobody, nothing做主语时, 谓语动词只能用单数形式。（4）一般情况下,none可以回答how many或h
18、ow much引导的疑问句; no one 或nobody可以回答who引导的疑问句; nothing可以回答what引导的疑问句How many birds can you see in the tree? _.All the birds have flown away. 3. 辨析other, the other，others，the others, another含义常见搭配another三者或三者以上中的另一个再，又other泛指别的，其他的the other(两者中的)另一个限定范围中的其他的others别的人或物，泛指（后不跟名词）the others限定范围内的其余的人或物（后不
19、跟名词）Exercise:How dangerous! She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with _.4.辨析one(s), it, thatone(s), it, that 都可以用来代替上文提出的人和物，不同在于：it指同一个事物。one指同一类而非同一个（人或物），常替代不带the的可数名词单数，复数为ones。that常用于比较结构中，指同一类而非同一个（只指物），常替代带the的不可数名词或可数名词单数.-How nice your dictionary is! Where did you
20、get _? Id like to buy _, too. -In the shop in the city center. Exercises：1) What would you like to drink? - I am very thirsty. _ you can get . Just get it now. 2 The population in Beijing is larger than _ in Nanjing.3) Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life. The important thing is not to repeat
21、_. 4) Please go out to buy some milk now. There is _in the fridge.5）How do you like your trip to Hangzhou, Mr and Mrs Li? Quite good. We enjoyed there.6） I am planning a trip to Lianyungang this summer. How is the weather there? Not so hot. Sometimes _is a bit cool and wet.7） What do think of the Ar
22、t Festival in your school? Colorful! All the students enjoy _ and show their different talents.8） Jackie Chan won an Oscar after_56-year-long career in the film industry.数词一、 基数词A. 构词法 巧学妙用1到12单独记，13到19后-teen加起。 20至90整十位，-ty结尾是后缀。 几十几，连字符号“-”莫忘记。 几百几，hundred 后面and 立。B. 基数词的用法1. 用来表示数量、各类号码等: three h
23、undred people , Room2022.表示年份、时刻、世纪, 某人约几十岁时: in 2013, at 7:30, in the 1990s, in his twenties 3.表示顺序。单数名词+基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。可以转换为the +序数词+单数名词 Lesson Nine= the ninth lesson4.hundred, thousand, million, billion前有数词时,表示确定的数目,后不用复数及of,没有数词时,则需用复数和of: 前有数字 后无s5.“基数词+单数名词”构成词组，相当于合成形容词，做名词的定语，用于表示时间、距离等，
24、但词组中的名词须是单数形式. a ten-minute walk= a ten minutes walk, 一个8岁的男孩 an 8-year-old boy6.数词与表示时间,距离,长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”,表示事物的形状,年代,长度,距离等。 这条河有两米深。 The river is two metres deep.7.与another, more 连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量,其结构为“another+基数词”或“基数词+more” 他又吃了两块蛋糕。He ate another two cakes.=He ate two more cakes.二 .序数
25、词:A构词法:序数词除first, second, third 以外，其余一般在基数词词尾加th构成, 如 thirteenth口诀：基变序，有规律， 一二三, 全要变 th要从4加起, 八减t 九去e， 字母f代ve, ty变成ie，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以 B. 序数词的用法1.序数词用来表示顺序、日期、楼层等 the second picture, March 12th, on the third floor.2.序数词前面要用冠词 the first one to get to school三分数、百分数的表达分数的表达：分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，分母用复
26、数。 three eighths , four-fifths 特殊分数表达：a half(1/2) , a quarter(1/4), three quarters(3/4)百分数的表达： 百分数一个基数词加百分号表达， 百分号读作percent50%： fifty percent 35% thirty-five percent“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词决定。Eg.: Forty percent of the water has been polluted.In this school, 70% of the students have passed
27、the exam.四.Exercises 1. The _ (nineteen) Football world Cup will be held in South Africa 2. Jack is busy preparing for a party to celebrate his sisters _ (twelve) birthday. He wants to give her a big surprise. 3. Four _ (five) of the students in our class have heard about the trip. 4. Its the _（ 第一
28、）time for Nanjing to hold the Asia Bike show. It is sure to be a great success. 5. .Its my cousins _ （ 第二十三个） birthday next week. 6. Cindy told me it was her _(第二) time to visit Jiangxinzhou Islet during Grape Festival. 7. Even a child knows September is the _ (nine ) month of a year. 8. My family l
29、ive on the _ (five ) floor of the tall building （2011盐城）9. July 1st is our Partys _ ( ninety ) birthday this year .We Chinese people are going to celebrate it. 10. How often do you play badminton with your classroom? _(一次)a week. 11. Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. It is hard to imagine she is
30、already in her _(五十几岁). 12.The chairperson received about _ applications to join the Birdwatching Club. （300）13. About_ of the earth_ covered with water, but we have less and less available fresh water. 14. Sandy, why do you look so excited? Ill go to London _. Ive been there once.(第二次)15. Boys and
31、girls, please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture.（5） 介词一、介词的分类1,表示时间的介词at, in, on, after, before, during, over, from, for, since, unti/tilll, by etc2,表示地点的介词in, on, to,at, over, under, above, below, between, among, in front of, in the front of, etc.3.位移介词past, across, through, around, from, to
32、, over, up,down etc.4,其他介词as/ like (表比较), for(表原因或目的), to/ with/ without (表结果), by/ in/ with(表手段或方式), of/ with(表所属), except(表除去), about/ on (表关于)， besides(表除了.还有), 二、易混淆的介词1. in, on, atat : 钟点, 饭时, 正午/午夜 , 年龄, 节日 at six oclock, at lunchtime, at noon, at the age of 15 at Christmas on Christmas Dayon:
33、 1)星期几 2)具体日期 3)具体某一天的某个时候 on Sunday, on 10th November, on Saturday morningon the evening of May 1st on a cold winter dayin: 1)一天当中的某个时候, 2)月，季，年 in the morning, in June, in Autumn, in 1990in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时） 用How soon提问2. since, for, fromsince, 后接过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时for, 后接时间段，主句from, 说明动作开始的时间3. fromto,
34、 between and , not until, duringfromto，从到 between and.， 在和之间not until，直到才 during， 在期间（表一段时间）4. 表示地点的介词( over, above, on )over: 在的垂直上方 above: 在上方（位置高于）（楼层）on: 在上面（表面接触）5. below, under under: 在正下方below: 在下方，不一定在正下方（气温、楼层）6. 位移介词 across, through, past across 从表面穿过 /through 从内部穿过/past （从旁边）经过,路过7. between, amongbetween: 在和（两者）之间/between.and., / between the two. among : 在.之间(三者或三者以上)8. in front of, in the front of in front of: 在之前（范围外） in the front of: 在的前部（范围内）9. except, besides, including, beyond except 除.之外,其余都 besides 意为“除之外(包含)”
