1、定语从句2限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句第1章定语从句分类限制性定语从句1 1非限制性定语从句2 2限制性定语从句比较这两个句子:She despised people.(她看不起人)She despised people who flattered her.(她看不起吹捧她的人)比较上面两句话可以发现:定语从句对名词起限定作用,它缩小了名词的表示范围,即范围由“人”缩小至“吹捧她的人”。我们称此类定语从句为限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与
2、主句之间通常用逗号分开。例句:My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.(我的家乡是北京,中国的首都。)区分下列限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:1.This is the house(which)we bought last month.2.The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.3.The novel is very interesting,which makes me very glad.4.Our guide,who was a French Canadian,w
3、as an excellent cook.5.Have you seen the film Titanic,whose leading actor is world famous?6.Do you remember the man who taught us English?通过以上句子,你能总结出这两类定语从句的用法区别吗?限制性和非限制性定语从句区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的小说。I read a novel last
4、 night,which is very interesting.我昨天晚上读了一本小说,它非常有趣。(2)作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,与先行词关系密切,若去掉,则句意不完整。非限制性定语从句可以 修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,对先行词仅起补充说明作用,若去掉,句意仍相对完整。Do you remember the man who taught us English?你记得教我们英语的那个人吗?A trip to Rome can be pricey for travellers,which is why many choose to stay in a h
5、otel.对于旅行者而言,罗马之行价格不菲,这也是许多人选择在旅社留宿的原因。限制性和非限制性定语从句区别(3)翻译不同 含有限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“的+先行词”。含有非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,译成两个分句。He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。He is a warm-hearted man,who lives next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。(4)关系词不同关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词代词不能省略。如:I
6、 want to buy a dictionary,which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)Which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。如:He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了,这使得老师很不开心。as和which引导定语从句的区别第2章区分这2个句子,观察as和which的位置区别:As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.=Smoking,as we know,is harmful to
7、ones health.=Smoking is harmful to ones health,as we know.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.区别一:在非限制性定语从句中,定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时,as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后;which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。1.He won the first prize,which(and that)made him famous in his school.2.As is announced in todays newspaper,we
8、 must improve our style of work.翻译这2个句子,观察as和which的翻译上的区别:他获得一等奖,这使他在学校出了名。正如今天的报纸上所说,我们必须改进工作作风。区别二:定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系,可用and this/that来代替;as主要连接上下文,表达说话人的看法、观点,指出主句内容的出处或根据等,译为“正如”。区别三:在限制性定语从句中,which指代先行词是物的名词或代词;而as指代先行词是物或人的词,且先行词前一般有as,so,such,the same等限定语。如:This is the p
9、an which I boiled the milk in.这就是我煮牛奶的锅。She is so nice a girl as we all like.她是我们都喜欢的一个好女孩。小试牛刀用正确的关系词填空:1.It is a truly delightful place,_looks the same as how it looked 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.2.This woman has set a good example to her son,_is a really lucky guy.
10、3.My father was easily cheated,_surprised me.4.Around me in the picture are the things _were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.5.She is my good friend,_ help made me fit in with the class so quickly.I will never forget those days _we stayed together.6.The m
11、urderer,_is reported,has been arrested by the police.7.Freddie,_might be expected,was attending the conference.答案:1.which;2.who;3.which;4.that/which;5.whose;when;6.as;7.as 能力提升一、翻译句子。1.We walked down the village street,where people were having market day._2.This is the place where he used to live._3
12、.李华是个热心的男孩,他经常利用空闲时间帮助他人。_二、用定语从句合并下列句子。1.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year.80%of them are sold abroad._2.I have two sisters.Both of them are doctors._ 我们沿着村子的街道往前走,人们正在那里赶集。这就是他过去居住的地方。Li Hua is a warm-hearted boy,who often devotes his spare time to helping others.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%of which are sold abroad.I have two sisters,both of whom are doctors.感谢您的聆听