1、定语从句2限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句第1章定语从句分类限制性定语从句1 1非限制性定语从句2 2限制性定语从句比较这两个句子：She despised people.(她看不起人)She despised people who flattered her.(她看不起吹捧她的人)比较上面两句话可以发现:定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围，即范围由“人”缩小至“吹捧她的人”。我们称此类定语从句为限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与
2、主句之间通常用逗号分开。例句：My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.(我的家乡是北京，中国的首都。)区分下列限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1.This is the house（which）we bought last month.2.The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.3.The novel is very interesting,which makes me very glad.4.Our guide，who was a French Canadian，w
3、as an excellent cook.5.Have you seen the film Titanic,whose leading actor is world famous?6.Do you remember the man who taught us English?通过以上句子，你能总结出这两类定语从句的用法区别吗？限制性和非限制性定语从句区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的小说。I read a novel last
4、 night,which is very interesting.我昨天晚上读了一本小说,它非常有趣。(2)作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,与先行词关系密切，若去掉,则句意不完整。非限制性定语从句可以 修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,对先行词仅起补充说明作用,若去掉,句意仍相对完整。Do you remember the man who taught us English?你记得教我们英语的那个人吗?A trip to Rome can be pricey for travellers,which is why many choose to stay in a h
5、otel.对于旅行者而言,罗马之行价格不菲,这也是许多人选择在旅社留宿的原因。限制性和非限制性定语从句区别(3)翻译不同 含有限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“的+先行词”。含有非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,译成两个分句。He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。He is a warm-hearted man,who lives next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。(4)关系词不同关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词代词不能省略。如：I
6、 want to buy a dictionary,which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)Which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。如：He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使得老师很不开心。as和which引导定语从句的区别第2章区分这2个句子，观察as和which的位置区别：As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.=Smoking,as we know,is harmful to
7、ones health.=Smoking is harmful to ones health,as we know.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.区别一：在非限制性定语从句中，定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。1.He won the first prize,which(and that)made him famous in his school.2.As is announced in todays newspaper,we
8、 must improve our style of work.翻译这2个句子，观察as和which的翻译上的区别：他获得一等奖，这使他在学校出了名。正如今天的报纸上所说，我们必须改进工作作风。区别二：定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系，可用and this/that来代替；as主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处或根据等，译为“正如”。区别三：在限制性定语从句中，which指代先行词是物的名词或代词；而as指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般有as,so,such,the same等限定语。如：This is the p
9、an which I boiled the milk in.这就是我煮牛奶的锅。She is so nice a girl as we all like.她是我们都喜欢的一个好女孩。小试牛刀用正确的关系词填空：1.It is a truly delightful place,_looks the same as how it looked 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.2.This woman has set a good example to her son,_is a really lucky guy.
10、3.My father was easily cheated,_surprised me.4.Around me in the picture are the things _were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.5.She is my good friend,_ help made me fit in with the class so quickly.I will never forget those days _we stayed together.6.The m
11、urderer,_is reported,has been arrested by the police.7.Freddie,_might be expected,was attending the conference.答案：1.which；2.who；3.which；4.that/which；5.whose;when；6.as；7.as 能力提升一、翻译句子。1.We walked down the village street,where people were having market day._2.This is the place where he used to live._3
12、.李华是个热心的男孩,他经常利用空闲时间帮助他人。_二、用定语从句合并下列句子。1.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year.80%of them are sold abroad._2.I have two sisters.Both of them are doctors._ 我们沿着村子的街道往前走,人们正在那里赶集。这就是他过去居住的地方。Li Hua is a warm-hearted boy,who often devotes his spare time to helping others.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%of which are sold abroad.I have two sisters,both of whom are doctors.感谢您的聆听
