1、小升初语法讲义-句子分类陈述句知识精要1陈述句句型的理解和综合运用2. 肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用要点讲练一、陈述句的概念陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。如： Im a student. I like dogs. Im not a teacher. 二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”和“否定陈述句”两种，简称为肯定句和否定句。1、肯定句在英语中，一般情况下，肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓+其他，例如：主语一般包括人称代词或名词：I ,you, he ,she, dog, cat, some b
2、ooks等. 物主代词：this, that, 等。谓语一般就是动词：be动词：is, are, am助动词：do, does行为动词：like, eat 等Eg. Mr. Walker is an Englishman. 华克先生是英国人。I am a tall boy. 我是一个高的男孩。He does his homework. 他做他的作业。2、否定句否定句的基本形式包括以下两种：（1）在系动词am, is, are, 助动词do, does, did，及情态动词will, would，can, could, may, might, shall, should, must等后面加上“n
3、ot”。例如： 句子中有be动词, 后直接加not，例如： Eg. I am not (Im not) a good swimmer. 我不是一个游泳的好手。 He is not (isnt) a doctor. 他不是一个医生It is not (isnt) raining outside. 外面没有在下雨。情态动词will, would，can, could, may, might, shall, should, must后面加上“not”。例如： Eg. I wont do it again. 我不再做这种事。 The old man cannot find his way home.
4、那个老人找不到回家的路。 I couldnt sleep last night. 昨夜我无法入睡。使用助动词“do”的否定句 一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：do（does, did）+not + V（原形动词），肯定句、否定句的互换： 非单三时用do, 单三时用does非单三 肯定句：I like 否定句：I do not like English.单三 肯定句：He likes English.否定句：He does not like English. Eg. I dont know her very well. 我并不很了解她。 He doesnt like Chine
5、se tea very much. 他并不很喜欢中国茶。She didnt come to school this morning. 今天早上她没有来上学。 Dont believe him. 不要相信他的话。小口诀：1、变否定，找be、can, be、can后边加not2、无be、无can找动词，动词前边加dont/doesnt, 后面动词用原形Eg: 肯定句 否定句David watches TV every evening. David doesnt watch TV every evening. She is buying some food in the shop. She isnt
6、 buying some food in the shopHe can play the piano. He cant play the piano. （2）使用“not”以外的否定词使用副词：never，seldom，hardly，little，neither等。 Eg. She never comes to school late. 她上学从不迟到。 She seldom comes to see me. 她不常来看我。使用形容词：no, few, little等。 Eg. I have no brothers. (=I dont have brothers. ) 我没有兄弟。 He ha
7、s few friends in Hong Kong. 他在香港几乎没有朋友。使用代词：nothing，nobody, none等。 Eg. I know nothing about computer. 对于电脑我一窍不通。 I found nobody in that house. 在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。小贴士否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达，例如： He is honest. 他是诚实的。 He is dishonest. （=He in not honest. ） 他不诚实。They have children. 他们有小孩。 They are childless . =They d
8、ont have children. 他们没有小孩。 特殊（肯定句与否定句互换词）：1.some变为anyThere are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree. 但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。 Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为orI have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot
9、 of (=lots of)变为many或muchThey have a lot of friends.（可数名词）They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词） There isnt much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet I have been there already. I havent been there yet.陈述句专项练习一、基础练习Be 动词（变为否定句）。1. He is a boy. _2. I am your friend.
10、 _3. My sister is a beautiful girl. _4. My mother is a worker. _5. They are in the classroom. _6. There are some books on the bookshelf. _7. I was at home yesterday. _8. They were in Beijing ten years ago. _ 9. I am looking for a job recently. _ 10. The students are playing basketball in the playgro
11、und. _二、基础练习情态动词（变为否定句）。1. Lucy will be back in a week. _2. She can sing a song and draw a picture. _3. You can use the dictionary. _4. Peter need go home tomorrow. _5. You should line up when you wait for a bus. _6. We need learn something to cook. _7. I can write a book. _8. You should say “Sorry”
12、 to somebody who you hurt him. _9. He must stay at home to finish his homework. _10. I can go to Shanghai Zoo. _三、基础练习实意动词（变为否定句）。1. We come from China. _2. We like the mask. _3. He likes the violin. _4. Have some bread, Tom. _5. Please open your books. _6. I like Chinese、Math、Art and PE. _7. She ha
13、s a shower in the morning. _8. Peter did lots of work in the company last night. _9. They had a lot of fun in past ten years. _10. I used to play the piano. _四、将下列句子变为否定句，每空一词。1. This is a desk. This _ a desk. 2. Grandpa tells stories to us every evening. Grandpa _ _ stories to us every evening. He
14、can draw pictures. 3. He can draw pictures. He _ draw pictures. 4. He has a nice watch. He _ _ a nice watch. 5. They do a lot of homework at school. They _ _ a lot of homework at school. 6. You must play football here. You _ play football here. 7. They are having an English class. They _ _ an Englis
15、h class. 8. Peter goes to the zoo once a year. Peter _ _ to the zoo once a year. 五、下面各句四处划线部分有一处是错误的，请指出并改正。1. He doesnt the homework every day. _2. He doesnt have some rice for supper. _3. This coat are red. That coat is blue. _4. He dont go to school yesterday. _六、连词成句1. playing ， like ， I ， footb
16、all_2. arent ， any ， wall ， the ， pictures ， there ， on_3. waiting ， bus ， for ， the ， we ， are_4. much ， the ， how ， shirt ， is_参考答案：一、1. He is not a boy. 2. I am not your friend. 3. My sister is not a beautiful girl. 4. My mother is not a worker. 5. They are not in the classroom. 6. There are not
17、any books on the bookshelf. 7. I was not at home yesterday. 8. They were not in Beijing ten years ago. 9. I am not looking for a job recently. 10. The students are not playing basketball in the playground. 二、1. Lucy will not be back in a week. 2. She can not sing a song and draw a picture. 3. You ca
18、n not use the dictionary. 4. Peter need not go home now5. You should not line up when you wait for a bus6. We need not learn anything to cook. 7. I can not write a book. 8. You should not say “Sorry” to somebody who you hurt him. 9. He must not stay at home to finish his homework. 10. I can not go t
19、o Shanghai Zoo. 三、1. We dont come from China. 2. We dont like the mask. 3. He doesnt like the violin. 4. Do not have any bread, Tom. 5. Please do not open your books6. I dont like Chinese、Math、Art and PE7. She doesnt have a shower in the morning. 8. She didnt do a lot of work in the company last nig
20、ht. 9. They didnt have a lot of fun in past ten years. 10. I didnt use to play the piano. 四、1. isnt 2. doesnt tell 3. doesnt 4. doesnt have 5. dont do 6. mustnt 7. arent having 8. doesnt have五、1. 添加do 2. some 改成any 3. are改成is 4. dont 改为doesnt六、1. I like playing football. 2. There arent any pictures on the wall. 3. We are waiting for the bus. 4. How much is the shirt?
