1、初中英语语法English Grammar*第十章 情态动词一、情态动词的类型和特征(一)情态动词的类型1. 只作情态动词的有：must; can (could); may (might)； 2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need；3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would); shall (should)；4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to; ought to(二)情态动词的特征：1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。2. 无人称和数的变化 (have to例外,用于第三人称单数时用has to)。We must stay
2、 here. /He must stay here. 他必须呆在这儿。We have to walk home. /He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。3. 后接动词原形: She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。4. 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。 Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英语歌吗？ Yes, I can. 是的，我会。二、情态动词的用法 (一) can, could的用法1. 表示能力，译为：能，会。如: Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？2. 表怀
3、疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He cant be in the room.他不可能在房间里。3. 表请求或允许，多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你现在可以走了。4. could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力.如: I could swim when I was seven years old.5. 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和cant。(二) may的用法 1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中.如: He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2. 表请求、许可，意
4、为“可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗？may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustnt，不用may not，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。如: May I go now? No, you mustnt. 不可以。/Yes, you may(can). 是，可以。3. (1) 表祝愿。 如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。(2) can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。(三) must的用法:1. 表示“必须、应该”。2. 表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句
5、一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而cant 表示“不可能”。 Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。 It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。3. 在否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用neednt，意为“不需要、不必”，相当于dont have to, 而不能用mustnt。 Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗？ No, you neednt/You dont have to. 不，你
6、不必/ Yes, you must.(四) 对need词性的判断: need后加to do说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表被动；若need后加动词原形, 则need为情态动词，用need提问或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。 如:You neednt come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。(五) had better的用法: had better+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用had better not do sth.。Youd better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里/Youd bet
7、ter not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。(六) shall (should), will (would)的用法1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。 如:Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗？Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃饭好吗？2. Should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。3. will 用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把这
8、本书递给我吗？/ We will do anything for you.4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗?三、易混点清单（为不常考知识点）（一）can和be able to : can 和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只用于现在时和过去式(could)，但 be able to表示经过努力后, 能够做到有现在时,过去时和将来时。如:We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。The fire sprea
9、d through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （表示经过努力后, 能够做到）Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。（二）can 和may 表可能性的区别1.在肯定句中,用may表可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。2. 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can not；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not
10、。Mr Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。（三）could, should, would, might表示委婉语气could, should, would, might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗？（四）must和have (has) to： must和have (has) to 意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have (has) to用于强调客观需要，
11、意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。Well have to ask Zhang Hong instead. /We must work hard at school.（五）maybe和may bemay为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概，也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。（六）cant和mustnt: 表否定推测时应用cant, mustnt表达“禁止、不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must表推测，译为“一定”。（七）（补充）should have done 本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意如：I told L
12、ily how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out. neednt have done 本没必要做但却做了sth2014年全国部分省市中考英语试题汇编：单项选择情态动词和系动词一、情态动词【2014铜仁】Must I water the flowers now, mum? No, you . You do it later.A. mustnt; must B. mustnt; ma y C. neednt; may D. neednt; must【答案】【2014连云港】 I know by what time you w
13、ant the project to be done?By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would【答案】A【2014长沙】Whos singing in the garden? It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time. A. must B. cant C. need【答案】A【2014河北】I _ follow you. Would you please
14、repeat it? A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 【答案】A【2014北京】Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith? No, you _. A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. neednt【答案】D【2014扬州】Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer? Sorry. You _ return it today. A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cant【答案】A【2014黔西南州】Is t
15、he man over there Mr. Brown? It _ him. He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup. A. may not B. cant be C. shouldnt D. mustnt 【答案】B【2014重庆市A】Children _ si t in the front seat of a car. Its too dangerous.A. need B. neednt C. must D. mustnt【答案】D 【2014安徽】I forgot to bring my dictionary. Co
16、uld I use yours? Yes, you _.A. canB. mustC. couldD. should【答案】A 【2014重庆市B】The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt【答案】A 【2014杭州】If you _ smoke, please go outside . A. ca nB. mayC. mustD. might【答案】【2014东营】After you read the article “Why fast f
17、ood is slowly killing you”, you stop eating fast food. A. can B. may C. have to D. should【答案】B【2014天津】Look at the “No parking” sign. You _park your car here.A. should B. must C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】D【2014南昌】We _ pay to get into the concert. Its free.A. cant B. mustnt C. might not D. dont have to【答案】
18、D 【2014苏州】May I take this magazine out of the reading room?No, you _. You read it in here.A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】D【2014宁波】_ you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might 【答案】B【2014甘肃白银】Must I go to law
19、 school and be a lawyer like you, dad? No, you _, son. Youre free to make your own decision. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】 D【2014丽水】Here is my phone number. You _ call me anytime you like. A. must B. can C. should D. need【答案】B【2014绍兴】Lets go climbing, shall we? You _ be joking! Dont yo
20、u know Im afraid of high places? A. may B. can C. must D. should【答案】C【2014台州】Are you interested in shopping online? Not so much. We _ see real products but pictures. A. shouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt【答案】B【2014泰安】Could you please have a walk with me? Sorry, I _. I have something important to do
21、 now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. may not【答案】C【2014威海】Bob, where is Linda? She _ be in the library, bu t I am not sure. A. must B. may C. need D. has to【答案】B【2014滨州】Must we take out the trash now? _. You can do it after class. A. Yes, you must B. No, you cant C. Yes, you may D. No, you neednt【答案】
22、D 【2014德州】Lingling, can I use your e-dictionary? Sure. But you _ return it after class. A. must B. can C. may D. would【答案】A【2014菏泽】Look, someone left a book. Oh, yeah This book _ be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A. can B. must C. may D. might【答案】B【2014聊城】Is the long-haired man B
23、ruce? No, it _ be him. Hes in New York now. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not【答案】A【2014潍坊】People _ wait until the traffic becomes green. Thats the traffic rule. A. must B. can C. need D. may【答案】A二、系动词【2014潍坊】What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one? I hope it will _ like
24、 a book. A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell 【答案】C【2014昆明】The medicine _ awful. I cant stand it. I know, Jimmy. But its helpful for you.A. tastes B. eats C. drinks D. takes【答案】A【2014河北】Mom is cooking dinner. It _ so nice. A. smellsB. tastesC. feels D. sounds 【答案】A【2014安徽】Mum, what are you cooking? It
25、 _ so sweet.A. tastes B. feelsC. soundsD. smells【答案】D【2014湖北咸宁】What are you going to do this weekend? I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian. A. is B. am C. are D. were【答案】B【2014宁波】This kind of peach looks really nice, but it _ very sour. A. tastes B. looks C. feels D. sounds【答案】A【2
26、014德州】The vegetable soup _ delicious. Can I have more? A. looks B. tastes C. sounds D. feels【答案】B【2014丽水】The skirt _ as if it is made of silk. A. sounds B. tastes C. feels D. smells【答案】C【2014泰安】What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countrys
27、ide. A. is; are B. is: is C. are; is D. are: are 【答案】A【2014湖州】Listen, the country music _ so sweet. A. smells B. sounds C. feels D. looks【答案】B【2014聊城】I like the dress very much. It _ comfortable. A. feels B. tastes C. sounds D. smells【答案】A【2014菏泽】How do you like the fish I cooked for you? I havent had it yet. However, it _ good. A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels【答案】A
