1、2021 新高考苏州中学英语语法精讲-动词易错点 1. 易混淆的 to do 和 doing 观察近几年高考的语法填空和短文改错两大题型可知，现今考查非谓 语，多半从固定用法角度出发。小编今天就对中学阶段常见的后接 to do 和 doing 的动词进行梳理分类，以期对广大考生有所帮助。 一、一、只跟不定式作宾语的动词只跟不定式作宾语的动词/ /短语短语 afford to do 付得起(钱)/花得起(时间)做某事 agree to do 同意做某事 appear/seem to do 好像. apply to do 申请/报名做某事 arrange to do 安排/筹划做某事 ask to
2、 do 要求做某事 beg to do 恳求/乞求做某事 choose to do 选择做某事 decide to do 决定做某事 demand to do 要求做某事 determine to do 决心做某事 expect to do 期盼做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 fear to do 害怕做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事 help (to) do 帮助做某事 hope to do 希望做某事 learn to do 学习做某事 long to do 渴望做某事 manage to do 设法做成了某事 offer to do 主动提出做某事 plan to
3、do 计划做某事 prepare to do 准备做某事 pretend to do 假装做某事 promise to do 承诺做某事 refuse to do 拒绝做某事 want to do 想要做某事 wish to do 希望做某事 would like to do 想要做某事 make a decision to do 决定做某事 make up ones mind to do 下定决心做某事 would prefer to do 宁愿做某事 do/try ones best to do 尽最大努力做某事 make an attempt to do 企图/妄图做某事 make an
4、 effort to do 努力做某事 spare no effort to do 不遗余力地做某事 go all out to do 竭尽全力做某事 二、只跟动名词作宾语的动词二、只跟动名词作宾语的动词/ /短语短语 acknowledge doing 承认做过某事 admit doing 承认做过某事 advise doing 建议做某事 allow doing 允许做某事 appreciate doing 乐意/感激做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 bear doing 忍受做某事 consider doing 考虑做某事 delay doing 延迟做某事 deny doin
5、g 否认做过某事 dislike doing 憎恨做某事 enjoy doing 享受做某事 escape doing 逃避做某事 fancy doing 想要做某事 finish doing 完成某事 forbid doing 禁止做某事 forgive doing 原谅某事 imagine doing 想象做某事 keep doing 保持/持续做某事 mention doing 提及做某事 mind doing 介意做某事 miss doing 错过做某事 pardon doing 原谅做某事 permit doing 允许做某事 practise doing 训练做某事 quit do
6、ing 停止做某事 risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 建议做某事 understand doing 理解做某事 cant stand doing 不能忍受做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事 feel like doing 想要做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 keep on doing 继续做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 三三、后接、后接 to doto do 与后接与后接 doingdoing 意义区别不大的动词意义区别不大的动词 love to do/love doing 喜爱做某事 like to do/like
7、doing 喜欢做某事 begin to do/begin doing 开始做某事 start to do/start doing 开始做某事 hate to do/hate doing 不喜欢做某事 prefer to do/prefer doing 偏爱做某事 四四、后接后接 doingdoing 相当于接相当于接 to be doneto be done 的动词的动词 need doing =need to be done 需要被. want doing=want to be done 需要被. require doing=require to be done 需要被. 五五、后接后接
8、to doto do 与后接与后接 doingdoing 意义不同的动词意义不同的动词 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做某件事 stop to do 停止(原来的事)去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 remember to do 记得要做某事(尚未做) remember doing 记得曾做过某事(曾做过) forget to do 忘记要做某事(未做) forget doing 忘记曾做过的事(曾做过) regret to do(如 to say/to tell) 很遗憾地做某事 regret doing 后悔曾做过某事 try to do
9、 努力做某事 try doing 尝试着做某事 mean to do 打算/有意做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing 禁不住做某事 2. 过去分词加介词搭配 一、“be+过去分词+介词”的三种运用规律（以 be exposed to 为例） 1. 做主语时整体保留，变 be 为 being。 Being exposed to drugs is harmful to our health. 2. 做谓语时，正常使用。 In summer, we are exposed to strong sunshine.
10、 3. 做状语时，去 be 就是答案。 Exposed to drugs, the singer looks terrible. 二、中学阶段常见的“be+过去分词+介词”结构汇编 be devoted to 专心致志于；奉献于 be impressed with/by 对印象深刻 be accustomed/adjusted to 习惯于 be equipped with 装备着；配备着 be lost in 迷失于；沉浸于 be buried in 埋头于 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be occupied with 忙于 be engaged in 全身投入于 be bas
11、ed on 基于；在.基础上 be involved in/with 参与；牵涉到 be exposed to 暴露于；接触 be connected/linked/related to 与.有联系 be associated with 与.有联系 be made of 由.制成 be trapped/stuck/caught in 陷于.之中 be seated at/in/on 坐在 be dressed in 穿着. be set in 背景设置在. be aimed at 旨在 be covered with 覆盖着. be addicted to 对.上瘾 be filled wit
12、h 充满着. be crowded with 挤满着. be known for 因.而闻名 be tired with/of 对.身体累/心理累 be interested in 对.感兴趣 be pleased with 对.满意 be concerned/worried with 对.担忧 be satisfied with 对.满意 be fed up with 对.厌恶 be faced with 面临着. be located/situated in/on 位于/坐落于 be armed with 武装着；配备着 be adapted to 适应；习惯于 be decorated
13、with 装饰着. be compared with/to 与.相比 be prepared for 为.做好准备 be burdened with 肩负着；负担着 be furnished with 配备着 be intended/designed for 专为.而设计；专为.提供 be regarded/treated as 被认为.;被当作 3.3.及物不及物一体动词及物不及物一体动词 1) 1) answeranswer a question a question 回答回答 answer foranswer for yout behaviour yout behaviour 对对. .
14、承担责任承担责任 2) 2) approveapprove a bill a bill 批准批准 approve approve ofof a plan a plan 赞成赞成 3) 3) askask Tom Tom 问问/ /请请 ask forask for money money 索要索要 4) 4) attendattend a meeting a meeting 参加参加 attendattend school/church school/church 上上/ /参加参加 attend toattend to his work his work 专心于专心于 attend toat
15、tend to a patient a patient 照顾照顾/ /护理护理 5) 5) benefibenefit sb. t sb. 对对. .有益有益 benefit frombenefit from sports sports 得益于得益于. . 6) 6)buildbuild friendship/a house friendship/a house 建立建立/ /建设建设 build upbuild up confidence/my body/hopeconfidence/my body/hope 增强自信增强自信/ /体质体质/ /希望希望 7) 7) consistconsi
16、st a team a team 组成组成/ /构成构成 consist ofconsist of 4 doctors and 3 nurses4 doctors and 3 nurses 由由. .组成组成/ /构成构成 8) 8) contributecontribute money money 贡献贡献/ /捐赠捐赠 contribute tocontribute to our failure/healthour failure/health 导致导致/ /有助于有助于 9) 9) decidedecide the outcome the outcome 决定了结果决定了结果 decid
17、e ondecide on a date/item a date/item 选定选定 10)10) do harm todo harm to our health our health 对对. .有害有害 be harmful tobe harmful to our health our health 对对. .有害有害 harmharm our health our health 对对. .有害有害 11)11) feedfeed Tom/a pet Tom/a pet 喂食喂食 feed onfeed on rice rice 以以. .为主食为主食 12)12) findfind a p
18、en a pen 找到找到 find outfind out the schedule the schedule 搞清楚，弄明白搞清楚，弄明白 13)13) a stonea stone hithit meme 击中击中 a good ideaa good idea hithit me me 使使( (某人某人) )想起想起 I I hit hit on/uponon/upon a good idea a good idea 突然想起突然想起 14)14) hearhear Tom/an English song Tom/an English song 听见，听到听见，听到 hear ofhe
19、ar of Tom/the news Tom/the news 听说听说 hear fromhear from sb.sb. 收到某人来信收到某人来信/ /得知某人音信得知某人音信 15)15) holdhold a party a party 举行举行 hold outhold out his hand his hand 伸出伸出 hold uphold up the roof the roof 支撑支撑( (重量重量) ) 16)16) joinjoin us/a club us/a club 加入加入( (人人/ /组织组织) ) join injoin in a a basketbal
20、l match basketball match 加入加入( (活动活动) ) 17)17) leadlead sb./the way sb./the way 带领带领 lead tolead to an accident an accident 导致导致 18)18) learnlearn English English 学习学习 learn about/oflearn about/of her arrival her arrival 获悉，得知获悉，得知 learn fromlearn from sb.sb.向向. .学习学习 learn fromlearn from the mistak
21、e the mistake 从从. .中吸取教训中吸取教训 19)19) leaveleave Hefei Hefei 离开离开 leave forleave for Hefei Hefei 离开某地赴离开某地赴. . 20)20) livelive a rich life a rich life 过着过着. .生活生活 live onlive on fishing fishing 以以. .为生为生 live inlive in Hefei Hefei 在在( (某地某地) )居住居住 21)21) operateoperate a machine a machine 操作操作 operat
22、e onoperate on a patient a patient 给给. .动手术动手术 22)22) paypay money/200 yuan money/200 yuan 付付( (钱钱) ) pay forpay for a meal a meal 为某物为某物/ /事付钱事付钱 23)23) pickpick an apple an apple 采摘采摘 pick uppick up 捡起，顺道购买捡起，顺道购买/ /染上染上/ /偶学偶学/ /有起色有起色/ /接收信号接收信号 24)24) reachreach Hefei Hefei 到达到达 reach toreach t
23、o the foot of the hill the foot of the hill 延伸到延伸到 reach forreach for his gun his gun 伸手去拿伸手去拿 25)25) readread a story a story 阅读阅读 read about/ofread about/of sb./sth. sb./sth. 阅读关于阅读关于 26)26) returnreturn money money 归还归还( (某物某物) ) return toreturn to HefeiHefei 回到回到( (某地某地) ) 27)27) searchsearch a
24、box a box 搜搜( (某处某处) ) search forsearch for a gun a gun 搜寻搜寻( (某目标物某目标物) ) 28)28) show sb. sth.show sb. sth. show sth. to sb. show sth. to sb. 给某人看给某人看 show up show up 出席，出现，出场出席，出现，出场 29)29) speakspeak English English 说说 speak tospeak to Mary Mary 与与( (某人某人) )说话说话 speak about/ofspeak about/of the m
25、atter/sb.the matter/sb. 谈及，提到谈及，提到 30)30) seesee sb./sth. sb./sth. 看见看见 see tosee to sth. sth. 打理打理/ /注意某事注意某事 31)31) suffersuffer loss/pain loss/pain 遭遇遭遇( (结果结果) ) suffer fromsuffer from earthquake/cancerearthquake/cancer 遭受遭受( (源头源头) ) 32)32) taketake 携带携带, ,拿拿, ,服服( (药药),(),(吸吸) )热热 take overtak
26、e over 接管接管 33)33) visitvisit Nanjing Nanjing 参观参观/ /拜访拜访 pay a visit topay a visit to Nanjing Nanjing 参观参观/ /拜访拜访 34)34) watchwatch a film a film 观看观看 watch overwatch over the house the house 看护，监督看护，监督 4 4. .系动词系动词 为什么要了解系动词？ 系动词，又名连系动词(link verb),顾名思义，它在句中起“连接作 用”-前面连接主语、后面连接表语，形成“主-系-表”结构。因此，不 了
27、解系动词，英语学习者就无从知道什么叫表语/表语从句，进而对英语 语言的基本架构都搞不清楚。 系动词有哪些？ 1）第一系动词-译作“是”的 be 动词 其变体形式包括: am/is/are/was/were/has been/have been/had been 例如: I am a student.(名词做表语) Yao Ming is tall.(形容词做表语) 2）译作“变得”的动词 其包括： get-get old(变老) turn-turn green(变绿) go-go bad(变坏) fall-fall ill/asleep(生病了/睡着了) become-become diffi
28、cult(变难了) grow-grow bored(变腻了) come-come true(成真) run-run dry(变干) 3）译作“.起来”的感官动词 look-看起来 She looks pale. sound-听起来 The background music sounds beautiful. taste-尝起来 The food here tastes yummy. smell-闻起来 Your sneakers smell terrible. feel-摸起来;感觉 The ball feels smooth. The water feels warm. 4）译作“保持”的动
29、词 keep-keep silent(保持沉默) stay-stay calm(保持冷静) remain-remain still(保持不动) 5）译作“好像、貌似”的动词 seem-好像 You seem happy. appear-显得；看起来 She appeared surprised at the news. 6）译作“结果、结果竟然”的动词 其包括：prove,turn out His theory proved to be true. The experiment turned out successful. 系动词怎么考？ 1)系动词本身无被动态 The song is sou
30、nded soft.() The song sounds soft.() 2)系动词后面跟形容词做表语，而不是副词 The song sounds softly.() The song sounds soft.() 3) 系动词后面跟的从句叫表语从句 The fact is that we have lost the game. The point is who should be responsible for the accident. 5.5.主谓一致主谓一致 01 01 谓语动词要与主语的人称和数保持一致谓语动词要与主语的人称和数保持一致 I I amam 18, and she18,
31、 and she is is 17.17. ThereThere is is a deska desk in the room. Therein the room. There areare no chairsno chairs in it.in it. 02 02 两个不同的人或事物，由两个不同的人或事物，由 andand 连接做主语，谓语用复数。连接做主语，谓语用复数。 Jim and JackJim and Jack areare here now.here now. A pen and an exercise bookA pen and an exercise book areare
32、ready now.ready now. 03 03 两个本质上是一个人或一套设备的人或物由两个本质上是一个人或一套设备的人或物由 andand 连接做主语，谓语用单连接做主语，谓语用单 数。数。 The poet and teacherThe poet and teacher is is visiting our school next Monday.visiting our school next Monday. A knife A knife and forkand fork is is needed.needed. 04 04 第一类集体名称第一类集体名称 cattle,police,
33、people,majority,crew,staffcattle,police,people,majority,crew,staff 等做主语，谓语只用复数。等做主语，谓语只用复数。 The policeThe police areare searching for the thief.searching for the thief. 05 05 第二类集体名词第二类集体名词 family,group,army,class,government,committee,teamfamily,group,army,class,government,committee,team 等做主语时，若强调一个
34、等做主语时，若强调一个 整体，用单数；若强调各个成员，用复数。、整体，用单数；若强调各个成员，用复数。、 Our classOur class is is on the third floor.on the third floor. Our cOur classlass areare watching a baseball game on TV.watching a baseball game on TV. 06 06 不定代词不定代词 如如 anyone,something,nobody,each,every,the otheranyone,something,nobody,each,eve
35、ry,the other 等做主语时，谓语用单数。等做主语时，谓语用单数。 NobodyNobody is is allowed to smoke here.allowed to smoke here. 07 07 more than one+more than one+名词或名词或 no+no+名词，谓语用单数。名词，谓语用单数。 More than one studentMore than one student is is interested in the novel.interested in the novel. No studentNo student showsshows in
36、terest in tinterest in the play.he play. 08 08 平衡结构平衡结构 each a/every a/many a/no+each a/every a/many a/no+名词单数名词单数+each a/every a/many +each a/every a/many a/no+a/no+名词单数做主语，谓语用单数。名词单数做主语，谓语用单数。 Many a boy and many a girlMany a boy and many a girl hashas read the story.read the story. 09 09 两个名词两个名词
37、/ /代词代词 由由 or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but alsoor,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 连接做主语，谓语单复数以靠连接做主语，谓语单复数以靠 近法确定。近法确定。 Not only his family but alsoNot only his family but also hehe likeslikes the the movie.movie. Not only he but alsoNot only he but also his familyhis family likelike t
38、he movie.the movie. 10 10 两个名词或多个名词做主语，由两个名词或多个名词做主语，由 with,together with,along with,as well with,together with,along with,as well as,like,unlike,not,no less than,rather than,more than,including,besides,as,like,unlike,not,no less than,rather than,more than,including,besides, but(but(除了除了) )，except,a
39、s much as(except,as much as(和和. .一样一样) )，in addition toin addition to 等词连接时，采用就等词连接时，采用就 前原则。前原则。 The The teacher as well as the studentsteacher as well as the students waswas excited.excited. The students as well as the teacheerThe students as well as the teacheer werewere excited.excited. 11 11 表示
40、量度，时间，距离，价格，金钱，重量等复数名词，无论数量多达，表示量度，时间，距离，价格，金钱，重量等复数名词，无论数量多达， 由于均可用一个数字表示，谓语用单数。由于均可用一个数字表示，谓语用单数。 Fifty milesFifty miles seemsseems like a long walk to me.like a long walk to me. Two hundred dollarsTwo hundred dollars is is enough fro the trip.enough fro the trip. 12 12 主语从句或动名词或不定式做主语，谓语用单数。主语从句或
41、动名词或不定式做主语，谓语用单数。 What he saidWhat he said is is true.true. Going campingGoing camping is is fun.fun. To seeTo see is is to believe.to believe. 13 13 学科做主语，谓语用单数。学科做主语，谓语用单数。 MathsMaths is is my favourite subject.my favourite subject. Maths and physicsMaths and physics areare hard to learn.hard to l
42、earn. 14 14 由两个形状一样的部分构成的物品做主语，谓语单复数视情况而定。由两个形状一样的部分构成的物品做主语，谓语单复数视情况而定。 My blue trousersMy blue trousers havehave been washed.been washed. A/This/ThatA/This/That pair of trouserspair of trousers is is expensive.expensive. The two pairs of shoesThe two pairs of shoes looklook ugly.ugly. 15 15 定语从句的谓
43、语形式与先行词的数保持一致。定语从句的谓语形式与先行词的数保持一致。 I I, who, who amam your friend, will leave for Canada.your friend, will leave for Canada. TheyThey, who, who areare doctors,come here to help us.doctors,come here to help us. 16 16 a mumber of(a mumber of(大量的大量的)/the mumber of(.)/the mumber of(.的数量的数量) )后跟谓语的情况后跟谓语的情况 A number ofA number of students in students in our schoolour school areare working hard.working hard. The number ofThe number of students attending the meeting is 1,000.students attending the meeting is 1,000.
