语法主谓一致语法复习学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习.docx

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1、 一轮语法复习-主谓一致一、 主谓一致定义 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和数决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。二、 主谓一致的三个原则1.语法一致原则 就是主语为单数形式, 谓语即用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式。1)不定代词each, either, one, someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语, 谓语动词要用单数。注意:none of 和 neither/eithe

2、r of加复数名词做主语时,谓动可用单数,也可用复数。2)with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, like, without, except, but, including,rather than ”等所连接的短语时,谓语动词谓与前面的名词或代词的数一致即就远原则。(3) all of; a lot of; lots of; some of; most of; plenty of; the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of等量词加名

3、词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。(4) many a, more than one, one and a half+单数名词, 谓语用单数。 (5) 以 “a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数; “the number of +复数名词”意为“的数目”,作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。(6) 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时,谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。(7) 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。(8) . a large quantity of + 名单 + 谓单 名复 + 谓复/

4、单 large quantities of + 名单/复 + 谓复(9) an amount of + 不可数名词 + 谓单 Amounts of + 不可数名词 + 谓复2. 意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。(1) and连接两个名词一起作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。但是,当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词),谓语动词应用单数。(2) 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主

5、语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。(3) 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。(4) 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语,如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts等, 谓语常用复数,但当被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.(5) 某些名词以s结尾如maths, poli

6、tics, physics, news, plastics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(6) 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。(7) every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。(8) what, such引导一个句子时,谓语动词常与其后作表语的名词一致。(9) 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构,表示“.一类人”,谓语通常用复数;(10) means(方法手段),works(工厂),sheep

7、, fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 采用意义一致原则:指一种方法或一家工厂时, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。3. 就近原则 所谓就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 注意:either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 主谓一致巩固练习一、主谓一致与高考真题1. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (re

8、sult) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东语法填空)2. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (2011语法填空)3. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ (inform).(2009语法填空)4. Because the number of possible_(be) practically limitless, we focus on a topics sample o

9、f the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (2020新高考卷)5. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers_(carry) special significance. (2020全国卷)6. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining, six_ (be) s

10、table. one is increasing, and nine lack enough data (2019全国卷1)7. No matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents_ not let me.(2018全国卷)8. The classroom is a place for learning and that_ (include)learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. (2018全国卷)二、单句填空1. Just the opposite, I think it

11、is Truman, rather than you, _(be)to blame. 2. According to the report, three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health. 3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck. 4. 70 percent of the students in our class _ (be) girls. 5.

12、Each of us _moved by the poor child and we each _(donate) money to him. 6. The football team _ (be) made up of 22 players and the team _ (be) very young.7. Every man and every woman _ (ask) to help when the earthquake broke out. 8. Either he or you _ (be) interested in playing football in our class.

13、 9. At present the police _ (look)for the lost boy whose trousers _ (be) blue.10. Physics _ (be) difficult to learn and every means _ (try) to improve it. 11.One or two days _ (be)enough to see the city 12. Neither my wife nor I myself _(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind 13.Not onl

14、y I but also Jane and Mary _(be) tired of having one examination after another 14. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ (be)late for class yesterday 15Many a new house _(build) at present 16. All but one _ (kill)in the accident 17. When and where to build the new factory _ (decide) yet. 18. The number of peo

15、ple invited _(be)fifty, but a number of them _(be) absent for different reasons. 19This kind of books_(be)very useful but books of that kind_(be)useless 20.I, not you, _ in the wrong. Not I but he _ been invited. 21.E-mail, as well as telephones, _(Play) an important part in daily communication. 22.

16、His “Selected Poems” _ (be)first published in 1965. 23.The number of people invited _(be)fifty, but a number of them _ (be)absent for different reasons. 24On the wall _(hang) two large portraits. 25.As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert _ (be)covered the land. 26. Every b

17、oy and every girl as well as some teachers who _ (be)to visit the museum _ (be)asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. 27. Great Expectations _(sell) well, but not all books _(sell) out yet. 28.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs they_(promis

18、e)before leaving their homework. 29.The number of children who have lost parents due to AIDS_to rise to 26 million. 30. Id hold on to that house, for house prices _(rise)sharp at the moment 三、语法填空Our school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. There 1 _(be)

19、 two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 2 _(be) large, and maybe there are 100,000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200,000 dollars. Maybe 200,000 dollars 3 _(be) large to every student. In the

20、 era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4 _ (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student 5 _(like) to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you

21、can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6 _ (play) computer games there. When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7 _ (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl 8 _(focus) on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 9 _(che

22、er) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room. On the wall 10 _(be) 100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.四、写作运用翻译下列句子。1. 我告诉他我感到惊讶的是他对学习的态度_2. 我们周围的一切都被遮住了,这无疑增加了我们的困难,让我们更加无助。_3. 无论谁感兴趣,都可以

23、报名参加。_4. 计划在下周二句型的英语节,注定会丰富我们的校园生活_5.你的每一点努力都很重要。_6.老师和同学们在讨论问题。(with)_参考答案:一主谓一致与高考1.results2.was pretending3.was informed 4.is 5.carries6.are7.would 8.includes二、单句填空1. is 2.is 3.was visiting 4.are 5. was donated 6.is are 7.was asked 8.are 9.are looking are 10. is, has been tried 11.is 12 am 13 are

24、 14 was 15 is being built 16 were killed 17 hasnt been decided 18 was were 19 is are 20 was has21 is playing 22. was 23.was were 24 hang 25 are 26.are is 27.sells have been sold 28. have been promised 29. is expected 30.are rising 三语法填空 本文主要介绍学校图书楼功能室以及周末学生在里面的活动情况。1. are 因there be句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持

25、一致。2. is 主语是the number of+名词的复数时,谓语动词用单数形式。3. is 时间、金钱、距离,重量等的复数当一个整体来作主语时,谓语动词用单数。4. have 关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。5. likes 因many a+名词作主语,尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式。6. are playing 两个名词由and连接作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。7. is delivering 当and连接的两个名词是指同一人时,谓语动词应该用单数形式。“a professor and

26、writer”意思是“一个教授作家”。8. is focusing 用and连接单数主语,前面有each, every, no等修饰时, 谓语动词要用单数形式。9. cheer/cheers 集体名词group, class, family, army, audience等作主语时,如果强调集体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。10.are 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。四写作运用1. I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.2. Everythi

27、ng around us was veiled, which undoubtedly added to our difficulty and left us even more hopeless.3. Whoever is interested in the activity can sign up for it.4An English festival, scheduled to take place next Tuesday, is bound to enrich our campus life.5Every bit of our efforts counts/matters! Your contribution /involvement , big or small, can make a remarkable difference.6The teacher with his students is discussing a question.

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