1、高考英语常考高频派生词 (一)后缀法81.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence查阅/参考referreference更喜欢/偏好preferpreference不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出现appearappearance履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指导guideguidance进入enterentrance保险insureinsurance帮助assistassistance忍受 endureendurance/toler
2、atetolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produceproduction介绍introduceintroduction消费consumeconsumption 减少reducereduction认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesupposition毁灭 destroydestruction描写describedescription打断 interruptinterruption 采纳/收养 adoptadoption防止 preventprevention接收/接待处receivereception解决 solvesolution进化ev
3、olveevolution建议 suggestsuggestion编辑/版本 editedition展览 exhibitexhibition打算/意图 intendintention认出recognizerecognition解释/定义 definedefinition保护 protectprotection方向/指导directdirection指令 instructinstruction建设constructconstruction注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection驳斥 rejectrejection反对 objectobjection/opposeo
4、pposition连接connectconnection收集 collectcollection纠正 correctcorrection视察 inspectinspection挑选selectselection选举 electelection限制 restrictrestriction抵触/矛盾contradictcontradiction保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation保护conserveconservation观察observeobservation挨饿starvestarvation组织organizeorganization文明
5、civilizecivilization认识 realizerealization考试examineexamination决定determinedetermination形成formformation通知 informinformation想象 imagineimagination运输transporttransportation邀请inviteinvitation期待expectexpectation诱惑 tempttemptation改编/适应 adaptadaptation移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation准备prepareprepara
6、tion探索exploreexploration考虑considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration装饰 decoratedecoration激发/灵感 inspireinspiration放松/休闲 relaxrelaxation交流communicatecommunication占用/职业 occupyoccupation满足satisfysatisfaction申请/应用 applyapplication暗示 implyimplication推荐 recommendrecommendation口译/理解 interpretinterpretation结
7、合 combinecombination操作/手术 operateoperation犹豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication参加 participateparticipation计算 calculatecalculation欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation联想/协会 associateassociation分离 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation赔偿 compensatecompensation调查 investi
8、gateinvestigation庆祝 celebratecelebration祝贺 congratulatecongratulation翻译 translatetranslation积累 accumulateaccumulation加速 accelerateacceleration捐赠 donatedonation解放liberateliberation动力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration贡献contributecontribution
9、分发 distributedistribution促进 promotepromotion致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮丧 frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impressimpression表达expressexpression拥有/财产possesspossession讨论discussdiscussion扩大 expandexpansion延伸extendextension承认 admitadmission允许 permitpermission排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplo
10、sion结论concludeconclusion决定 decidedecision划分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement惊奇amazeamazement吃惊 astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement安排 arrangearrangement评估assessassessment发展 developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就业employemployment鼓
11、舞 encourageencouragement款待/娱乐entertainentertainment装备 equipequipment统治/政府governgovernment改进improveimprovement 投资 investinvestment卷入 involveinvolvement管理 managemanagement惩罚 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirement退休 retireretirement定居/定居处settlesettlement阐述/陈述 statestatement对待/治疗treattreatment以为基础/地下室bas
12、ebasement铺/人行道 pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.n.意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷静 calmcalmness聪明 clevercleverness疯狂crazycraziness渴望 eagereagerness公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness适合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappine
13、ss疾病illillness友好 kindkindness懒惰 lazylaziness孤独lonelyloneliness宁静 quietquietness悲伤 sadsadness严重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness稳定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累 tiredtiredness弱点 weakweakness冷/冷淡 coldcoldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思乡 homesickhomesickness粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishnes
14、s无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage储存storestorage包裹packpackage车厢carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath成长growgrowth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐pleasepleasure离开departdeparture暴露expo
15、seexposure压力presspressure失败failfailure混合mixmixture签名signsignature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.n.缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心 confidentconfidence方便 convenientconvenience不同differentdifference勤奋 diligentdiligence远的/距离distantdistance明显的/证据evidentevidence优秀excellentexcellence重要importantimportance独立 independen
16、tindependence天真/无辜innocentinnocence智力 intelligentintelligence 公正 justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolencev.n.冒犯 offendoffence防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建议 adviseadvice设施 devisedevice(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由freefreedom王国kingkingdom智慧wisewisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代chil
17、dhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings
18、问候greeting储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦suffering贡品offering环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.adj.阳光灿烂的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆盖的snowsnowy有风的windwindy有暴风雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly多雾的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty冰冷的iceicy阴沉的gloomgloomy布满星星的st
19、arstarry泥泞的mudmuddy布满灰尘的dustdusty脏的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny贪婪的greedgreedy迅速的speedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.爱挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悦耳易记的 catchcatchy害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.adj.
20、全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural农业的 agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有条件的 conditionconditional环境的environmentenvironmental化学的chemistrychemical医学的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical实际的practicepractical理论的 theorytheoretical音乐的 musicmusical感情的 emotionemotional国家的nationnati
21、onal自然的naturenatural个人的personpersonal偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental身体上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技术上的techniquetechnical心理上的 psychologypsychological沿海的 coastcoastal种族的raceracial面部的 facefacial工业的industryindustrial金融的financefinancial商业的commercecommercial官方的officeof
22、ficial有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影响的 influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美丽的 beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠实的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful高兴的 joyjoyful/cheercheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spotspotless无休止的endendless无家可归的 homehomeless无工
23、作的 jobjobless=unemployed身无分文的pennypenniless无私的 selfselfless=unselfish无目标的 aimaimless无线的 wirewireless无限的 limitlimitless珍贵的/无价的pricepriceless=invaluable毫无价值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless无语的 speechspeechless上气不接下气的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的 carecareful,careless多彩的,无色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,无用的useusef
24、ul,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,无悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,无害的harmharmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的restrestful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的gracegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hopehopeful
25、,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 helphelpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.adj.许多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒险的adventureadventurous紧张的 nervenervous有毒的 poisonpoisonous危险的dangerdangerous灾难的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious营养的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreli
26、gious宽敞的 spacespacious有抱负的 ambitionambitious神秘的 mysterymysterious(5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的 predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合适的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍
27、受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的 access(in)accessible看(不)见的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable适应力强的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便携的portportable多变的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的 workworkable有价值的valuevaluable合理的
28、reasonreasonable高兴的enjoyenjoyable流行的 fashionfashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.adj.多产的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有创造力的createcreative保护的protectprotective预防性的preventpreventative健谈的talktalkative可供替代的alteralternative相关的 relaterelative有教育意义的instructinstructive有竞争力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffe
29、ctive贵的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的systemsystematic科学的 sciencescientific戏剧般的dramadramatic浪漫的 romanceromantic有同情心的 sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden木制的 woodwooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的 handhandsome令人惊叹的 aweawesome令人烦恼的 troubletroublesome烦人的 tireti
30、resome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的deaddeadly活跃的 livelively友好的 friendfriendly兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的 orderorderly昂贵的 costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化purepurify 简化simplesimplify美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify使恐惧terribleterrify使震惊horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分类classclassify(2)-ize结
31、尾的动词:adj.v.认识到 realrealize使现代化modernmodernize使工业化industrialindustrialize使普及 popularpopularize集权centralcentralize使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize使稳定 stablestabilize使正常化normalnormalize社会化socialsocialize使专门化specialspecializen.v.使物质化materialmaterialize总结summarysummarize记忆memorymemorize(3)-en结尾的动词:
32、变暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken松开 looseloosen变紧 tighttighten软化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten恶化 badworsen减少littlelessen减轻/变亮lightlighten变黑blackblacken加宽broadbroaden缩短 shortshortenadj.n.v.加深 deepdepthdeepen加长longlengthlengthen加宽widewidthwiden加高highheightheighten加强 strongstrengths
33、trengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe给穿衣clothclothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力 refresh改革 reform复习review3.前的fore-:预告 foret
34、ell前额 forehead预报forecast预知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告 predict战前的 pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统 ex-president6.后的post-:战后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的 multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜
35、telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统 vice-president副总理 vice-premier13.生态的 eco-:生态学 ecology生态系统 ecosystem生态友好的 eco-friendl
36、y14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec15.潜/次一级 sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的 subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的 semi-skilled半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle三角形 triangle18.横跨trans-:转移 transfer转变transform传播transmit移植 transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不
37、贵的 inexpensive缺乏经验的 inexperienced随便的 informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的 insignificant无能力的 incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的il
38、logical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的 irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脱衣 undress打开unfold卸车unloa
39、d开的锁 unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露 disclose发现discover不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的 disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用 misuse误解(n.)misunde
40、rstanding拼错 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial6.de-降级 degrade减少decrease贬值 devalue解冻 defrost毁林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的 ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的 ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟
