1、 - 1 - 山东省 2021 年高考地市名校模拟示范卷 英英 语语 (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2020 山东新高考命题研究专家原创) Canadians are blessed with an abundance of natural wonders with enough lakes， mountains and rivers to explore for a lifetime.Weve al
2、so got some of the most amazing waterfalls on Earth. Horseshoe FallsNiagara Falls，Ontario Niagara Falls are the most famous waterfalls in Canadaand understandably so.Actually they are made up of three different falls，and the fittingly named Horseshoe Falls is the only one located on the Canadian sid
3、e，which is the most powerful in North America.Multiple viewing options are available including tourist ships and sightseeing buses. Nailicho(Virginia Falls)Nahanni National Park Reserve ， Northwest Territories Coming in at twice the height of Niagara Falls，this massive waterfall is located on the So
4、uth Nahanni River in the Northwest Territories.The remote location means it receives only about 1，000 visitors per year who must make their way by either boat or floatplane. Takakkaw FallsYoho National Park，British Columbia Takakkaw translated from Cree loosely means“the magnificent(壮丽的)”，and its a
5、suitable word for the secondhighest waterfall in Canada.After a steep drive up a winding road，Takakkaw Falls is only a short distance from the parking lot along a wheelchair accessible path. Bridal Veil FallsBridal Veil Falls Provincial Park，British Columbia Pretty and delicate，Bridal Veil Falls is
6、located just east of Chilliwack，British Columbia，and really does look like its name，with water gently pouring over smooth - 2 - rock.An easy 15- minute walk to the waterfall takes you through rich leaves.Tables are available to have a meal outdoors，and there are lots of opportunities for viewing wil
7、dlife along the way. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主题语境是“人与自然”，介绍了加拿 大的一些令人惊叹的瀑布。 1What do we know about Horseshoe Falls? AIt is easily accessible. BIt consists of three falls. CIt limits tourist numbers. DIt crosses North America. A 考查细节理解。根据第一个小标题下的“Multiple viewing options are available including tourist ships
8、 and sightseeing buses”可知，欣赏马蹄瀑布有多种选 择，其中包括游船和游览巴士，故马蹄瀑布的交通便利，很容易就可以到达。 2How can visitors go to Takakkaw Falls? ABy tourist ship. BBy cable car. CBy floatplane. DBy car. D 考查细节理解。根据第三个小标题下的“After a steep drive up a winding road，Takakkaw Falls is only a short distance from the parking lot along a whe
9、elchair accessible path”可知，游客可以驾车前往 Takakkaw 瀑布。 3What can visitors do in Bridal Veil Falls? ASwim. BCamp. CPicnic. DHunt. C 考查细节理解。根据最后一个小标题下的“Tables are available to have a meal outdoors”可知，游客在新娘面纱瀑布可以进行野餐，故选 C。 B Twentyfour trains， nine countries， 13， 500 miles.They are the numbers behind the her
10、oic round trip one man took from Southampton in the UK to eastern China. Roger Tyers，37，used over $2，500，which was almost twice more than the cost of a return flight，to travel to the Chinese port city Ningbo for academic research in May，2019.The man spent a month on board 15 trains during the first
11、leg of his round - 3 - trip.It was the climate crisis， not a love of trains， that drove the sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight.He stopped flying when UN climate experts warned that the world had less than 11 years to avoid terrible levels of global warming.Tyers calcul
12、ated that his train journey to China produced almost 90% less emissions than a return flight. Tyers is not the only person to avoid air travel in response to climate change.Thousands of people worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying.Activist Maja Rosen launched the“Flight Free”campaign in Sw
13、eden with the goal of encouraging 100，000 people not to fly for one year.Although only around 14，000 people signed the online“#flightfree2019”pledge(保证)，Rosen，who stopped flying 12 years ago，says that the campaign had made more people worry about the climate crisis and aware of harm of travel by air
14、 and motivated them to try new ways of travelling. According to a survey released in May 2019 by Swedish Railways(SJ)，37% of respondents chose to travel by train instead of by plane where possible，compared to 20% at the start of 2018.An SJ spokesperson said：“Rail travel has been augmented due to the
15、 worries.”Domestic passenger numbers in July fell by 12% compared to the previous year，according to Swedavia，a company which operates Swedens 10 busiest airports. “The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it comes to tackling climate change”，Rosen said.“One o
16、f the problems is that people feel theres no point in what you do as an individual.The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together，we can actually bring changes.” 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻类记叙文，主题语境是“人与自然”。社会 学家 Roger Tyers 乘坐了 24 列火车， 穿越了 9 个国家， 花了一个月时间才到达中国 宁波。他这样做不是出于对火车的喜爱，而是因为气候危机。如今，
17、很多人已经 加入不再乘飞机出行的行列。 4How many trains did Roger Tyers take in his trip from China to the UK? A9. B15. C24. D30. A 考查细节理解。 根据第一段“Twenty- four trains， nine countries. round trip - 4 - one man took from Southampton in the UK to eastern China”和第二段的“The man spent a month on board 15 trains during the firs
18、t leg”可知，Roger Tyers 往返两地一共 乘坐 24 列火车，前往中国坐了 15 列，故回程乘坐 9 列火车。 5What does“augmented”underlined in Paragraph 4 mean? AReduced. BAdjusted CBoosted. DApplied. C 考查词义猜测。根据上文对 Roger Tyers 坐火车出行的描述以及画线词前 的“37% of respondents chose to travel by train instead of by plane where possible， compared to 20% at t
19、he start of 2018”可知，由于对气候变化的担心，更多人选择低 碳的火车出行方式，因此火车旅行得到了发展。 6What do you know about the“Flight Free”campaign? AIt impacted the development of tourism. BIt was strongly supported by the Swedish. CIt aimed to warn of the danger of flying. DIt inspired peoples confidence to make a difference. D 考查推理判断。
20、根据最后一段中的“The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it comes to tackling climate change”“The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together，we can actually bring changes”可知，这次运动有助于消除人们应对气候变化时的无助 感，使人们意识到大家一起做便会有作用，故选 D 项。 7In which section of
21、 a newspaper may this text appear? ATravel. BEnvironment. CEducation. DLifestyle. B 考查文章出处。综合全文内容可知，本文通过 Roger Tyers 乘火车参加学 术会议这件事引出低碳出行以应对气候危机这一话题，因此属于环境这一范畴。 C (2020 山东新高考名校联考) Anyone who goes to and off work by car knows that traffic jams are an unavoidable part of life.But humans are not alone.A
22、nts also travel regularly between their nest and sources of food.The survival of their groups depends on doing this efficiently. - 5 - For humans，theres a point at which cars become dense(密集的) enough to slow down the flow of traffic，causing traffic jams.Motsch，Assistant Professor at Arizona State Un
23、iversity，and his colleagues wanted to know if the same is true of ants.So they controlled traffic density(密度) by constructing bridges of various widths between a group of Argentine ants and a source of food.Then they waited and watched.But it appears that jams have never happened.They never，at one p
24、oint，just stopped.They always managed to avoid traffic jams. The flow of ants did increase initially as ants started to fill the bridge and then leveled off.But it never slowed down，even when the bridge was nearly full of ants.The researchers then took a closer look at how the behavior of each indiv
25、idual ant impacted traffic as a whole.That meant carefully tracking thousands of separate ants as they made their way across the bridge.Motsch and his team found that when ants sensed overcrowding，they adjusted their speeds and avoided entering highdensity areas， which prevented jams.Ants also manag
26、ed to avoid colliding with each other at high- density areas，which could really slow them down. Can ants help us solve our own traffic problems？Not likely，says Motsch.Thats because when it comes to getting from point A to point B as fast as possible，human drivers put their own goals first.Ants have
27、to be more cooperative(配合的) in order to feed the group.But the research could be useful in optimizing(使最优化) the traffic flow for self- driving cars，which can be designed to be more like ants. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与自然”。开车上下班 的人都知道交通堵塞是生活中不可避免的一部分。蚂蚁也有类似的往返行为，它 们往返于巢穴和食物来源之间。研究发现蚂蚁总能避免交通堵塞。 8What do
28、es Motschs initial experiment intend to find about ants? AWhy ants slow down the flow of traffic. BHow ants avoid traffic jams. CHow ants pass bridges of various widths. DWhether ants get jammed in traffic. D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Motsch.and his colleagues wanted to know if the same is true of ants.So they
29、.They always managed to avoid traffic jams”可 知，Motsch 和他的同事们想了解蚂蚁在活动中是否有交通堵塞问题。 - 6 - 9What does the underlined“it”in Paragraph 3 refer to? AThe ant. BThe flow. CThe bridge. DThe jam. B 考查代词指代。根据语境可知，此处指的是上文的“The flow of ants”，这 里是说蚂蚁队伍的活动从来没有减慢过。故选 B 项。 10Why is it hard to solve humans traffic prob
30、lems like ants? ADue to heavy traffic flows. BDue to too many vehicles. CDue to lack of common goals. DDue to collisions with others. C 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Thats because when it comes to getting from point A to point B as fast as possible，human drivers put their own goals first.Ants have to be more coop
31、erative(配合的) in order to feed the group”可知，人类 驾驶员不像蚂蚁一样有共同的目标，因此才让交通堵塞问题解决起来很麻烦。 11What is the best title for the text? ATeamwork：Key to Solving Traffic Jams BAnts：Experts at Avoiding Traffic Jams CStudy：Similar Behaviors of Man and Ants DFindings：Reasons for Ants Not Getting Blocked B 考查标题判断。研究人员在蚁
32、群和食物来源之间建造不同宽度的桥梁， 他们发现蚂蚁总能设法避免交通堵塞，所以 B 项最适合作文章标题。 D (2020 滨州市名校联合质检) Fallen feathers may appear harmless，but small insects in Brazil should think twice about approaching them.New research suggests Brazilian Pheidole oxyops ants sometimes place feathers around their underground nests single entranc
33、e as lures(诱饵) for other creatures，which then fall in. In cio Gomes， an ecologist at the Federal University of Vicosa in Brazil， had never seen any description in scientific studies of ants building traps.He first noticed feathers around ant nest entrances in city parks and on his college campus，and
34、 he found two interesting assumptions in scientific literature：the feathers could collect morning - 7 - dew(露水) in dry areas，or they could act as lures. Gomes is lead author of an August study in Ecological Entomology that experimentally tested both ideas.The researchers prepared a large supply of w
35、et cotton balls and put them around ants nests but found the ants still came out of the nests and collected feathers，suggesting the first assumption was broken.The team found that artificial traps with feathers around them caught more wandering insects than those without.Gomes says that once prey(猎物
36、) such as mites，springtails or other species of ants falls in，the nest entrances soft walls make it hard for it to climb out，and the occupiers quickly subjected it. Helen McCreery，a biologist at Harvard University，who was not involved in Gomess research，says the study is“really cool”and well done.“I
37、ts an extremely charming， visible behavior， ” McCreery adds. “There are certainly very few examples of ants acquiring food without leaving their nest.Its meaningful for scientists， for they can use similar traps to catch wild samples.” McCreery is curious about the reason that prey would go to the f
38、eather in the first place.Gomes suggests both smell we may not notice and the form we get accustomed to are potential draws.“In general，soil insects are very curious in natureespecially when they look for food， ”Gomes says. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与自然”。来自巴西的 生态学家 In cio Gomes 发现巴西的一种蚂蚁会把掉落的羽毛放在洞口作为诱饵
39、， 来捕杀落入洞中的猎物。 12What were the wet cotton balls mentioned in Paragraph 3 used for? ABuilding different artificial traps. BProviding ants with plentiful water. CLuring the ants out of their nests. DProtecting insects from being eaten. B 考查推理判断。根据第二段的“he found two interesting assumptions in scientific
40、literature：the feathers could collect morning dew(露水) in dry areas，or they could act as lures”和第三段的“researchers prepared a large supply of wet cotton balls.the first assumption was broken”可知， Gomes 设想了两种假设： 羽毛是用来收 集露水或者是用作诱饵，于是他们开始做实验进行探究。他们把湿润的棉球放在 - 8 - 蚂蚁的洞穴周围，他们发现蚂蚁仍旧出去收集羽毛，这证明了第一个假设不对， 由此可推知，湿棉
41、球是用来给蚂蚁提供水的。 13What do Helen McCreerys words imply? AThe research still has a long way to go. BThe research lacks convincing examples. CThe ants afford lessons to the scientists. DThe ants are extremely charming creatures. C 考查推理判断。根据第四段的“Its meaningful for scientists，for they can use similar traps
42、to catch wild samples”可知，Helen McCreery 认为蚂蚁的这一行为 对科学家们来说意义重大， 科学家们可以用这样的方法来捕捉样本生物。 C 项表示 “蚂蚁带给科学家经验”，符合题意。 14Why can the feathers lure prey effectively? ATheir shape and smell are attractive. BSome prey feeds on the feathers. CThey are usually in unnoticeable places. DSoil insects are careless in n
43、ature. A 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“McCreery is curious about the reason that prey would go to the feather in the first place.Gomes suggests both smell we may not notice and the form we get accustomed to are potential draws”可知，McCreery 对羽毛 吸引猎物的原因很好奇，Gomes 作了回答：它们具有的我们没有注意到的气味和 我们习以为常的形状对猎物来说是潜在的吸引物，故 A 项正确。 15
44、Which can be the best title for the text? ACurious soil insects in nature BFallen feathers bring dangers to insects CTwo interesting assumptions DBrazilian ants build unusual traps for prey D 考查标题判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲了巴西的一种蚂蚁会收集羽 毛，把它们当作诱饵放在洞口来捕捉猎物。故 D 项适合用作文章标题。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文
45、后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 - 9 - 有两项为多余选项。 (湖北 2020 调考)For many of us，college can be a game of trial and error.For me， the time I spent in college was invaluable，not just for the degree itself，but because its where I finally grew up. 16 Delay rarely pays. Throughout high school，I was typically able to
46、put off a task until the last minute. 17 I learned the importance of making a large commitment early，then dedicating a few hours a day to it to insure it gets done right，especially when burdened with big projects and papers. 18 When I began my freshman year ， I knew I wanted to go into sports broadc
47、asting.Two years later，I fell in love with news feature writing.Then six months after that，with web content creation，I learned that plans are always subject to changes and should never be restrictive.And that didnt make them any less significant. No one has it all figured out. 19 But in fact the big
48、 realization of adulthood for me is that most of us are just going along for the ride and doing the best we can. Time management is key. After going to college，a variety of activities have also become enriched.You have to face the problems which everyone has to face，such as balancing academics， comm
49、unity activities，work experience，because those will defeat you. 20 AEvery minute must be made use of. BThe goals and dreams will change all the time. CWe must learn to choose and adjust our schedule. DOnly by doing so can we realize the importance of college life. EHere are the biggest lessons I learned outside of the c
