1、定语从句专讲 1.定语定语 句子中修饰名词,代词或其它名词化的词。句子中修饰名词,代词或其它名词化的词。 eg. an English book a young Chinese writer the boy in the classroom a girl called Alice the woman wearing a red coat something to eat I know the boy whose father is a doctor. 形容词形容词 形容词形容词 介词短语介词短语 过去分词短语过去分词短语 现在分词短语现在分词短语 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 句子句子 Eg.
2、 The object _(place) in the box is a fan _(make) of feathers. object 物体物体 feather 羽毛羽毛 placed made 从上述例子可以 看出: 1. 定语可以是定语可以是 ,也可以是,也可以是 2. 定语的位置,定语的位置, , 3. 若是若是 充当定语,就叫充当定语,就叫 。 单词单词,短语短语 句子句子。 可以在所修饰的单词可以在所修饰的单词前前 也可以在单词也可以在单词后后 句子句子 定语从句定语从句 前前 后后 1.定语从句的结构 I have some photos that I took in Austr
3、alia last year. 我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。 The horse that I rode was lazy. 我骑的那匹马很懒。 Hes the boy who won the photo competition last year. 他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩。 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and away. 一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故 土 与他乡”这一主题的奖项。 The hors
4、e that I rode was lazy. Hes the boy who won the photo competition last year. A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and away. 从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是:从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是: + + 先行词先行词 引导词引导词 从句从句 从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是:从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是: 先行词先行词+引导词引导词+从
5、句从句 名词,代词,或相似于名,代的词名词,代词,或相似于名,代的词 先行词先行词指人用指人用who /that ,先行词先行词指物用指物用which/that 引导词引导词, 有有关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词两种,放在两种,放在先行词先行词 及定语从句之间及定语从句之间起连接作用起连接作用, 同时在定语从句中充同时在定语从句中充 当当句子成分句子成分。 关系代词关系代词有有who(人人-主格主格), whom(人人-宾格宾格), whose(人人-所有格所有格), which(物物), that(人人/物物)。 关系副词关系副词有有where(地点地点), when(时间时间), w
6、hy(原因原因)。 所有的关系代词和副词都译成“所有的关系代词和副词都译成“ ” 2.定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词 的的 Eg . The man who lives next to us is a teacher. You must do everything that I do. We will never forget the day when we visited our headmaster. 先行词先行词 ( ) 定定 语语 从从 句句 先行词先行词 ( ) 定语从句定语从句 先行词先行词 ( ) 定语从句定语从句 人人 物物 时间时间 3.引导词在从句中的成分引导词在从句中的
7、成分 先行词先行词在从句中要充当一个在从句中要充当一个句子成分句子成分, 引导词引导词在句中代替先行词在句中代替先行词充当成分充当成分,先行词,先行词 是是主语主语,引导词就作,引导词就作主语主语,先行词是,先行词是宾词宾词,引,引 导词就是导词就是宾词宾词。Eg . Jim likes the car.(宾语)(宾语) The car was bought for him by his father last year.(主语)(主语) Jim likes the car that was bought for him by his father last year. 主句主句 从句从句 主
8、语主语 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize. Attributive clause 引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作主语作主语 先行词是先行词是物物 The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min. Attributive clause 先行词是先行词是物物 引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作宾语作宾语 由此,我们可以看出:由此,我们可以看出: which引导的定语
9、从句修饰的是引导的定语从句修饰的是无生无生 命的东西命的东西。which在从句中的成分是在从句中的成分是 可以作可以作主语主语,也可以作,也可以作宾语宾语。 Hes the boy who won the photo competition last year! 下面我们再看一个句子:下面我们再看一个句子: Attributive clause 先行词是先行词是人人 引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作主语作主语 I know the boy who I met in the street yesterday. 先行词是先行词是人人 引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作宾语作宾语 Attributive
10、clause 由此,我们可以看出:由此,我们可以看出: 如果如果先行词是人先行词是人,那么定语从句的引,那么定语从句的引 导词就可以是导词就可以是who/whom。 例如:例如: Do you know Mr Zhang who(m) they like very much? 注意:注意:当当who在从句中在从句中作宾语作宾语时,在时,在 现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都 可用可用who了。了。 不管定语从句不管定语从句修饰修饰的是的是人人还是还是物物,如果,如果 引导词在从句中作宾语引导词在从句中作宾语,通常就,通常就可以省可以省 略略。例如:。例如: Is
11、that the car (that/which) you bought last month? 那是你上个月买的车吗?那是你上个月买的车吗? A friend is a person (who/whom) you know very well and like. 朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。 作宾语作宾语 作宾语作宾语 若引导词在从句中若引导词在从句中作主语作主语时就时就不能省略不能省略, 否则会造成结构混乱。否则会造成结构混乱。 Id love to have parents who understands me. 我希望父母理解我。我希望父母理解我。 He
12、 can make lessons that are usually boring interesting. 他通常能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。他通常能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。 作主语作主语 作主语作主语 注意:注意:在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在口语中口语中 往往往往被省略被省略,但在,但在正式文体中正式文体中常常常常被保留被保留。 在先行词是物的定语从句中,一般情在先行词是物的定语从句中,一般情 况下况下that和和which都可以通用都可以通用, , 但但在下在下 列情况下列情况下, , 一般一般用用that而不用而不用which。 I am sure s
13、he has something that you can borrow. 1.1.先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等 不定代词时不定代词时。 4.只用只用that 的情况的情况 Ive read all the books that are not mine. 2. 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no 等修饰时等修饰时。 3. 先行词被先行词被序数词或最高级序数词或最高级修饰时修饰时。 This is the first book that he h
14、as read. This is the very book that belongs to him. 4. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时。 5. 先行词为先行词为人和物的组合人和物的组合。 They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting? 6. 若若
15、主句中有疑问代词主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which, , 为了避免重复为了避免重复, , 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who, , which,而用,而用that。 1. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that B.C. what D. which 【解析】【解析】 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, 其限定性定语其限定性定语 从句应由关系代词从句应由关系代词that引导引导, 在该定语在该定语 从句中充当主语。从句中充当主语。 B 2. The student _ won the first prize
16、 is the monitor who works hard. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 【解析】【解析】 指人时有时只用指人时有时只用who不宜用不宜用that。但是。但是 一个句子中带有两个定语从句一个句子中带有两个定语从句, 其中一其中一 个定语从句的关系代词是个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜另一个宜 用用who, 以免重复。以免重复。 B 改写定语从句的方法改写定语从句的方法 Jim likes the car.(宾语)(宾语) The car was bought for him by his father last year.(主语)(主语) Jim likes the car that was bought for him by his father last year. 主句主句 从句从句