1、专题专题 1010 名词性从句名词性从句 一、名词性从句概览一、名词性从句概览 二二、语法详解语法详解 名词性从句相当于名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别为主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 例句： 1. That everything in the world changes was often a theme in poetry of the Romantic Movement. (主语从句) 2. I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.（宾语从句） 3. He is not what he was a few
2、 years ago.（表语从句） 4. I have no idea what hes talking about.（同位语从句） （一）（一） 名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词 名词性从名词性从 句句 类别类别 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从同位语从 句句 连接词连接词 连接词连接词 连接代词连接代词 连接副词连接副词 语序：陈语序：陈 述句语述句语序 名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年 高考试题不难发现，连接代词 what 的用法是考查的热点。另外同位语从句中，经 常考查 that 的用法。除此之外，it 作形式主语和
3、形式宾语代替主语从句和宾语 从句其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。 高考分析 （二）（二） 引导词的用法引导词的用法 (1)(1) 以以 thatthat 引导的从句引导的从句 1.1. 主语从句主语从句 ：thatthat 从句作主语时，常用从句作主语时，常用 itit 作形式主语，常见的句型有：作形式主语，常见的句型有： 句型 例句 It+be+形容词（obvious,true, natural,surprising,good,wonderful, funny，possible，likely，probable等） +that从句 It is certain that she wil
4、l do well in her exam. It+be+名词(词组)（no wonder, an honor, a pity, no surprise 等）+that从句 It is surprise that our team has won the game. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, suggested 等)+that 从句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 引导词 连接词 that、if 、whether 连接代词 what、who、whom、which
5、、 whose、whatever、whoever、 whomever、whichever 连接副词 when、why、where、how、 whenever、wherever、 however 连接词 that 无词义、不作成份、无词义、不作成份、 起连接作用起连接作用 if “是否”、不作成份、是否”、不作成份、 起连接作用起连接作用 whether “是否”、不作成份、是否”、不作成份、 起连接作用起连接作用 2.2. thatthat 从句作宾语从句从句作宾语从句( (常可省略常可省略 that)that) Do you know (that) he has joined the arm
6、y? 1.1. thatthat 引导的宾语从句有宾补时，经常用引导的宾语从句有宾补时，经常用 itit 作形式宾语，将作形式宾语，将 thatthat 引导的宾语从引导的宾语从 句后置。句后置。 make think +it+宾补+that从句 consider 等 例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 2.2. that that 引导的宾语从句一般不跟在介词后。如果需要，一般先用引导的宾语从句一般不跟在介词后。如果需要，一般先用 itit 作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 例句：You may depend on it that I
7、shall always help you. 3. that that 引导的从句作表语从句、同位语从句引导的从句作表语从句、同位语从句 从句 用法 例句 表语从句 that 从句作表语从句， that 一般不可省略。 The trouble is that we are short of funds. 同位语从句 that 从句作同位语从 句，that 不可省略 I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off. 4.4. thatthat 引导同位语从句与引导同位语从句与 thatthat 引导的定语从句的区别引导的定语从
8、句的区别 从句 用法 例句 同位语从句 1. 对前面的名词起补 充说明的作用 2. 同位语从句不缺任 何成分 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. 定语从句 1. 对先行词起修饰限 制的作用 2. 定语从句成分残缺 The news that we heard on the radio was not true. 练习说出练习说出 thatthat 引导的是什么从句引导的是什么从句 1. My idea is that we should do it right now. 2. She wont belie
9、ve that he has become a thief. 3. That he is a famous singer is known to us. 4. I knew the news that our team won the match 5. His suggestion is that we should finish the work at once. 应注意的问题应注意的问题 that 的用法的用法 1. 在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。 2. 在宾语从句中有时可以省略，但是要特别注意以下两种情况：在宾语从句中有时
10、可以省略，但是要特别注意以下两种情况： 当当 thatthat 从句作介词宾语时，从句作介词宾语时，thatthat 不可省略。例如：不可省略。例如： They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 当主句谓语动词后连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个当主句谓语动词后连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个 thatthat，其，其 他的不能省略。例如：他的不能省略。例如： I believe (that) youve done your best and that things w
11、ill improve. (2)(2) 以以 whether/if(whether/if(是否是否) )引导的从句引导的从句 用法：用法：whetherwhether 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 ifif 可以引导不位于句首的主语从句和宾语从句可以引导不位于句首的主语从句和宾语从句 1.1. 只用只用 whetherwhether 不用不用 ifif 的情况的情况 情况 例句 引导位于句首的主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句时 Whether it is true remains a question. The questio
12、n is whether we should go on with the work. 引导为了强调而置于句首的 宾语从句时 Whether he will come I am not sure. Whether he is married I dont know. 从句作介词或 discuss 的宾 语时 It depends on whether you can do the work well. We are discussing whether we will accecpt his offer. 与 or not 直接连用或与 or 连用时 I dont care whether o
13、r not he comes. It makes no difference whether he comes or leave. 后加不定式 I dont know whether to go there. 用 if 容易产生歧义时 Please let me know whether you need help. 注意：注意：1. 1. 用用 itit 作形式主语把主语从句后置时，作形式主语把主语从句后置时，whetherwhether 和和 ifif 都可。都可。 2.2.宾语从句为否定句时，只用宾语从句为否定句时，只用 ifif 不用不用 whetherwhether。 I dont
14、care if he doesnt come. 请用请用 if / whether 填空：填空： 1、I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it.
15、 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon. (3)连接代词连接代词/ /副词引导的从句副词引导的从句 引导词类别引导词类别 常见引导词常见引导词 作用作用 连接代词连接代词 what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 有词义；在从句中担任成分，作主有词义；在从句中担任成分，作主 语、表语、宾语或定语等语、表语、宾语或定语等 连接副词连接副词 how, when, where, why, ho
16、wever, whenever, wherever 有词义；在从句中担任成分，作状有词义；在从句中担任成分，作状 语语 例句： 1.What worries us most is who let out the secret. 2.Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3.Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 4.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 5.Thats why I want you to work there. 6
17、. Wherever he goes makes his parents worry. 注意：注意：whatwhat、whowho 与与 whateverwhatever、whoeverwhoever 的区别的区别 区别 例句 What、who 是指具体的人或物，有特指的 含义 I want to know what he has told you. Who made the call is not important. Whatever、whoever 表示任何一个人或事 物，有泛指的含义。 Whatever he likes will be given to him. Whoever di
18、d this job must be rewarded. 名词性从句练习名词性从句练习 一、一、 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1(2018 11 月浙江高考)It is possible _ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. 2(2017 天津高考改编)She asked me_ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt. 3(2016 北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy se
19、ason is_ one can be entirely free from dust. 4(2016 天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 5(2016 江苏高考改编)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 6(2018 全国卷)Im not sure_ is more frightened, me or the f
20、emale gorilla (大 猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 7(2018 北京高考改编)This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 8(2018 北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now. 9(2018 天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bi
21、cycle race. 10(2018 江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is_we arrived. 11(2017 北京高考改编)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 12 (2017北 京 高 考 )Jane moved aimlessly down the tree- lined street, not knowing_she was heading. 13(2017 江苏高考改编)We cho
22、ose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of_it used to charge. 14(2016 北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps. 15(2015 全国卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work
23、on most days. 16(2014 广东高考)I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 答案：答案： 1.1.解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it 作形式主语，that 从 句为真正的主语。 2.解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有 还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用； 又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用 w
24、hether 或 if 引导宾语从句。 3.解析：that 句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子 结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用 that 引导表语从 句，that 在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。 4.解析：that 句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分 析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明 suggestion 的具体内容，故填 that。 5.解析：that 句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空 处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用 that 引导。
25、 6.解析：who 分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故 填 who。 7.解析：what 句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。 表语从句中动词 taught 缺少直接宾语， 且表示“的东西”，故填 what。 8.解析：where 句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表 语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用 where 引导。 9.解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从 句中缺
26、主语且表示“人”，因此填 whoever 引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。 10.解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表 语从句，表示方式。 11.解析：whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根 据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填 whoever。 12.解析：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。 本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点 的连词， 故填 where。 13.解析：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价
27、格降到了 20 美元， 这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在 of 后面 what 既引导宾语从句， 又在从句中作 charge 的宾语。 14.解析：Whatever 句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有 帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever 引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词 do 的宾语，表示事物， 故用 Whatever 引导。 15.解析： how 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的 thick 为形容 词，因此空格处应用副词，故填 how。 16.解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明
28、 白的一定是原因，故用 why 引导宾语从句。 二、二、 单句改错单句改错 1(2015 全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 2(2016 全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 3How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, whic
29、h seems to be endless. 4I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since. 5Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me. 6The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot an
30、d had been taken away by the police. 7To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room. 8As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have le
31、arned. 9How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. 10Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything. 答案解析 1. 解析：wherethat 或去掉 where found 后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且 句意完整，所以不能用 where，应该用 that 引导，that 也可省略
32、。 2. 解析：thatwhere 分析句子结构可知，介词 to 之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中 缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导。 3. 解析：howwhat 分析句子结构可知引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作宾语，所 以不能用 how，应该用 what 引导。 4. 解析：whichwhat 分析句子结构可知，介词 of 之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中 缺宾语，故用 what 引导。 5. 解析：thatwhat 引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作 do 的宾语，故不能用 that 引导，应该用 what。 6. 解析：去掉 it 分析句子成分可知 what 引导的从句为宾语从句，在从句中作主 语，与 it 作主语重复，故去掉 it。 7. 解析：fact 后加 that 根据句子结构可知 fact 后的从句为同位语从句，从句句子 成分完整，用 that 引导不可省略。 8. 解析：去掉 that 分析句子成分可知 review 后的从句为宾语从句，出现两个引导 词，故需去掉其中之一，分析从句可知从句的引导词需要作宾语，故去掉 that。 9. 解析：whatwho 根据句意可知，引导从句的引导词指的是人，故用 who 来引 导。 10. 解析：thatbecause 分析句意可知，表语从句句子成分完整，但句意不完整， 缺少原因状语，故应将 that 该为 because。
