1、,定语从句,一. 定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的词叫先行词。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,二. 关系词的分类,关系代词,2. 关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, as, who, whom, whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where,
2、why,二. 关系词的分类,三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1. 关系代词的基本用法,三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法, who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom, which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the tre
3、es which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl
4、whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,whose,2. 关系代词的用法注意点,(1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中既有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing,
5、nobody, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school.,当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never
6、 be forgotten.,(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all(所有人), anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从
7、句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red
8、and Black(红与黑) is very interesting., whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可指人也可指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.,背熟这三句,I live in a house, whose window faces south. I live in a h
9、ouse, the window of which faces south. I live in a house, of which the window faces south.,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was p
10、raised by the teacher yesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,The scientist (whom/ who/ that) we met yesterday is very famous in the world.,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress (which/ that) she is wearing is new.,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩固练习：1. 用定语从
11、句合并下列句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person (whom/ who/ that) I have ever worked with.,This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her da
12、ughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _ you lent to me.,who/ that,(whom/ who/ that),whose,which/ that,(that/ which),巩固练习：2. 用适当的
13、关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,1(湖北高考)My mother was so proud of all _(我 所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do),答案： (that)I had done,四. 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句,1. 介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.,四. “介词+which/who
14、m”引导的从句， 1.介词选用原则,(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.,2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .,2. 介词位于关系代词前，
15、关系代词的使用,3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可以用 which/ that (指物), who/ whom/ that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.,Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?,3. 介词位于句末，关系代词的使用,4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,This is the watch (th
16、at/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用,5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _ he teaches English is interesting.,（that/ in which）,（that/ in which）,5.
17、 先行词为the way，关系词的使用,五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法,五. 关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.,1. when,1. when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点
18、状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,2. where,2. where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be p
19、unished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.,3. why,3. why,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作
20、状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?,when,on which,where,from which,why,for which,巩固练习：用适当
21、的关系词填空,4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.,where,in which,when,during which,at which,where,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have
