1、必修三 Unit 3 The world of science (4) 高一年级 英语 Developing ideas FRANKLINS EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True? Learning objectives to list the main idea and the basic structure of an essay to tell the specific information about Franklins experiment to express arguments by listing supporting details or giving
2、examples to voice opinion on if fiction or fact matters in accepted ideas Look at the picture. Who is he? He is Benjamin Franklin. Lead in Read the short introduction to Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin(1706 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declarat
3、ion of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor. Lead in What else do you know about him as a creative scientist? Lead in Get to know more about him as a cre
4、ative scientist. the lightning rod 避雷针 bifocals 双目眼镜 the Franklin stove glass harmonica 玻璃琴 Lead in Lead in What does this picture present to us? Franklins kite experiment Do you think Franklins kite experiment is true? Franklins kite experiment Lead in Can you identify the writing type of this arti
5、cle? Lead in essay Can you predict the main topic of this article? Lead in Can you predict the main topic of this article? Lead in Learning to learn An essay title often contains an explicit or implicit question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “Franklins Experiment
6、: How Much Is True?” makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay. Can you predict the main topic of this article? How much is true about Franklins experiment? Lead in Read for prediction. Read the passage quickly and check the prediction. How much is true about Franklins experime
7、nt? Read for topic. Read the article again and sum up the main topic of each paragraph. Try to figure out the basic connection between each paragraph. Read the article again and sum up the main topic of each paragraph. Tip: A topic sentence is a sentence that states or suggests the main idea or topi
8、c of a paragraph. Often, a topic sentence comes at the beginning of a paragraph; sometimes, it appears in the middle or at the end. Read for topic. Para. 1 However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Read for topic. Para. 2 How Franklins experiment is carried out. P
9、ara. 3 For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklins lightning experiment. Para. 4 However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Para. 5 Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Read for topic. Para. 6 But in sc
10、ience, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story. Read for topic. Para. 1 However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Read for connection. Para. 2 How Franklins experim
11、ent is carried out. Para. 3 For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklins lightning experiment. Para. 4 However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Para. 5 Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Read for con
12、nection. Para. 6 But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story. Read for connection. Read for connection. Para. 1 raise the question Para. 2 explain the story Para. 6 conclusion Para. 3 infl
13、uence of the story Para. 5 why question Para. 4 what to question Read para. 1 to find: Q1. What does the sentence “the story may be fiction instead of fact.” convey? Q2. What is the function of paragraph 1? Read for details. Benjamin Franklins famous experiment with lightning has introduced generati
14、ons of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. (para. 1) Read para. 2 5 to find: Q2. What did Franklins experiment aim to prove? Q1. How was the fly experiment carried out? Q3. What are schoolchildren amazed by Franklins story? Q4. What do t
15、he scientists doubt about Franklins experiment? Read for details. Read para. 2 5 to find: Q7. What are the similarities between the story of Franklins experiment and the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head? Q6. Why does the author mention Newtons experiment? Q5. Why do the scientists que
16、stion accepted ideas? Read for details. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shoc
17、k. (para. 2) Q1. The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. This, he said, proved that light
18、ning was a form of electricity. (para. 2) Q2. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order t
19、o establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. (para. 3) Q3. Although it has been proved that Franklins experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists al
20、l agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. (para. 4) Q4. Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. (para. 5) Q5. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head an
21、d led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. (para. 5) Q6. Although it has been proved that Franklins experiment took place, more than one scientist
22、 has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. (para. 4) Q7. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons
23、head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. (para. 4) Q7. True Franklins experiment indeed took place. The detail about the string and the k
24、ey Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple. The story of Franklins experiment The story about the apple that fell on Newtons head Not true What really happened. Franklin had actually touched the key. The apple fell on Newtons head. The story of Franklins experiment The story about the apple
25、 that fell on Newtons head Read para. 6 to find: Q2. What is the authors attitude towards Franklins experiment? Q1. What are people inspired by Franklins story? Read for details. Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklins spirit of scien
26、tific exploration than by the facts themselves. (para. 6) Q1. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story. (para. 6) Q2. Read for structure. Para. 1 raise the question Para. 2 explain the
27、story Para. 6 conclusion Para. 3 influence of the story Para. 5 why question Para. 4 what to question Introduction Conclusion Main body Read for attitude. T1. Number the statements to show how peoples attitudes towards Franklins experiment have changed. Franklins spirit of scientific exploration is
28、still considered an inspiration. People are amazed at and inspired by Franklins experiment. Scientists question what really happened in Franklins experiment. 3 1 2 Para. 1 raise the question Para. 2 explain the story Para. 6 conclusion Para. 3 influence of the story Para. 5 why question Para. 4 what
29、 to question T2. Retell the essay according to the structure. Application T3. Work in groups. Explain your understanding of the saying “seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples. . Application 1.Make notes about your understanding of the
30、saying and list supporting details. We shouldnt believe what we dont see. Some scientists question Franklin has actually touched the key. If he had actually touched the key, he would have died from the electric shock. Your understanding Supporting details 2. Organize your talk following the steps be
31、low. Start your talk by explaining how you understand this saying. Explain why you think this way. Use the notes you have made to support your ideas. End your talk by summarizing your points. 3. Give your talk to class. Useful expressions Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, In my opinion, / From my perspect
32、ive, The reason why is that In a word, / In short, / To sum up, Think and share. 1. Do you think it matters that Franklins experiment might not be true? 2. What is your opinion about the statement “ we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story”? 3. What qualiti
33、es do you think a great scientist should have? Think and share. 1. I think it indeed matters. From a scientific standpoint, people should stick to the facts. And the facts should be proved by experiments and research, especially for widely accepted facts. Think and share. 2. I quite agree with it. H
34、ave you been sympathetic to the beggar begging in the street, yet in fact he is richer than you? I suppose some of you often come across such a beggar in the street like me. So, that is what I want to tell you, we often easily believe what we see or hear, but as a matter of fact, it is not always so
35、 convincing. In a word, I believe it is a fact that all of us have to believe in something before we actually find any evidence for it. Think and share. Curious, hardworking, creative, patient, confident, brave, Homework Option 1: Read the article on page 32 33 aloud. Option 2: Write a summary of this article. Option 3: In what ways do scientists contribute to society? Try to find more information about Franklins experiment and the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head on the internet.
