1、Franklins Experiment: How Much Is True? Book 3 Unit 3 introduce Benjamin Franklins famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science. vt. If you introduce someone to something, you cause tem to learn about it or experience it for the first time. 使初次接触，使了解使初次接触，使了解 E.
2、g. Mark introduced me to the joys of wine- tasting. produce People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. vt. to cause sth. to happen 产生，引起，造成 E.g. The drug is known to produce side-effects to women. E.g. A rise in sea-level is produced by climatic change.
3、with独立结构 He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. Pattern: with+n./pron.+现在分词/过去分词/不定式 非谓语动词用哪种形式，取决于动词与前面名词代 词间的逻辑关系。 Practice： 1. With prices _(go) up, so fast, we cant afford luxuries. 2. They sat together around the table, with the door _(shut). 3. With you _(help) us, well surely s
4、ucceed. attach A metal key was attached to the string. vt. to fasten or connect one object to another 系，绑，贴，附上，固定上 E.g. a small battery attached to a little loudspeaker 装在装在小喇叭上上的一节小电池 E.g. Attach a recent photograph to your application form. 在申请表上贴贴一张近照。 E.g. For further information, please contact
5、 us on the attached form. 欲知详情，请使用所附附表格联系我们。 conduct A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. vt. 1) 传导(热或电) E.g. Water conducts heat faster than air. 2) 指挥 E.g. My friend went home, leaving me to conduct the band. 3) 进行，实施 E.g. A lot of researc
6、h is being conducted in this area. approach More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. n. method of doing something or dealing with a problem (to) E.g. He criticized the one-size-fits-all approach to learning E.g. A
7、s a writer she takes a completely new approach to the classic horror story. E.g. We need to try alternative approaches to the problem. along with Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to
8、 contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. “along with/as well as+名词”置于主语后做插入语，倍于 动词与前面的主语保持一致。 E.g. 汤姆和他的父母每周日都去公园。 Tom, along with/as well as his parents, goes to the park every Sunday. Used for mentioning additional people or things that are included or involved in something
9、. (可用于句尾作状语) Tom goes to the park every Sunday along with his parents. E.g. Ramos was arrested along with eleven other men. Ramos, along with eleven other men, was arrested. establish vt. to find out facts that will prove that something is true 证实，确定 E.g. The police must establish the facts of the c
10、ase before proceeding. E.g. I was never able to establish whether she was telling the truth. 虚拟条件句 But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 1. If I _(not see) it with my own eyes yesterday, I _(not believe) it. 2. I
11、 _(be) a bit more careful if I _(be) you. 3. If it _(not be) for the sun, the plants _(not live) 4. Even if the sun _(rise) in the west tomorrow, I _(not break) my word. 5. If she _(leave) five minutes earlier, she _(catch) the train. question Scientists often question accepted ideas because they wa
12、nt to establish the facts. vt. If you question something, you have or express doubts about whether it is true. 对表示怀疑/质疑 E.g. It never occurs to them to question the doctors decisions. n. 怀疑，不确定 E.g. As a footballer, Tonys ability was beyond question. come up with Some have even questioned the story
13、about the apple that fell on Newtons head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 1. If you come up with a plan or idea, you think of it and suggest it. 相出，提出 E.g. 明天的会上他们将提出他们的计划。 Tomorrow they will come up with their plan at the meeting. 2. If you come up with a sum of money, you manage
14、 to produce it when it is needed. 设法拿出 E.g. Were in big trouble if we dont come up with the money by 6 oclock. account In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. n. An account is a written or spo
15、ken report of something that has happened. 描述，陈述 E.g. 他详细描述了那个夜晚所发生的事。 He gave a detailed account(description) of what happened that night. admittedly Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. ad. You use admittedly when you are saying something which weakens the importance or fo
16、rce of your statement. E.g. Im sure it was her although, admittedly, she was wearing a different coat. E.g. This has led to financial losses, though admittedly on a fairly small scale. morethan People have been more inspired by Franklins spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.
17、 “morethan”与其说是倒不如说是 E.g. I was more amused than shocked by what she told me. prove This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity. It has been proved that Franklins experiment took place. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research. vt. 证明，证实 1) prove +that-从句
18、 2) It is proved + that-从句 3) prove + n./pron. E.g. 他借助照片来证明他的观点。 He used photos to prove his point. E.g. 这些数据证明词汇量对学习英语很重要。 These data prove that vocabulary is significant to English learning. E.g. 经证实，童年时吃蔬菜有助于日后不生大病。 It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. Link.v. 被证明是 E.g. The book has proved (to be) very successful. E.g. 事实证明他是一个诚实的人。 He proves (to be) an honest man.
