1、Part 4 Writing 题目一 应用文写作 写作题目 假定你是李华,你校即将举行主题为“Lets go green now”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,要点包括: 1.倡导绿色生活的原因; 2.实践途径(至少三点)。 注意: 1.词数 100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Boys and girls, Im honored to give the speech. Thank you. 思路点拨 主题 环境保护,绿色 生活 体裁 应用文 人称 第一、三人称 时态 以一般现在时为主 布局 第一部分:说明倡导绿色生活的原因; 第
2、二部分:提出实践途径(至少三点)。 遣词造句 .用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1. 把考虑进去 2. 有作用,有影响 3. in the conservation of.使更多的人致力于保护 4.global 全球变暖 5.cause 给造成伤害/损害 6.give off/ poisonous gases 释放有毒气体 7. people polluting the rivers 防止人们污染河流 8.raise of.加强对的意识 9. 对有负面的影响 10.protect.from 保护免于灭绝 11. the natural environment 恢复自然环境 12. new sust
3、ainable ways 采用新的可持续方式 13.keep the environment from being touched 保护原始环境免受影响 14. 温室气体 15.reduce the footprint 减少碳足迹 答案 1.take.into account 2.make a difference 3.get more people involved 4.warming 5.harm/damage to 6.release 7.prevent/keep;from 8.awareness 9.have a negative impact on 10.extinction 11.
4、restore 12.adopt 13.original 14.greenhouse gases 15.carbon .本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 (1)随着社会和经济的发展,私家车的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。 society and economy, the number of private cars is at a surprising speed. (2)众所周知,汽车排放二氧化碳,这会造成全球变暖、自然灾害频发、疾病等。 As we all know, cars carbon dioxide. It causes , frequent natural disasters, d
5、iseases and so on. (3)为了保护我们的环境,到了我们环保的时候了。 protect our environment, it is time for us to go green. 答案 (1)With the development of;increasing (2)give off;global warming (3)In order to 2.根据汉语意思翻译句子 (4)首先,我们应该提高人们对环保的重要性的意识。 (5)其次,使用公共交通或骑自行车而不开私家车对这个问题有很大作用。 (6)我们应该充分利用水、电、纸张、食物等。 (7)在我们日常生活中把垃圾分类并回收利
6、用它是个好主意。 答案 (4)Firstly, we should raise peoples awareness of the importance of going green. (5)Secondly, using public transportation or riding bicycles instead of using private cars can make a great difference to the problem. (6)We should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so
7、 on. (7)It is a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life. 3.句式升级 (8)使用现在分词作结果状语改写句(2) (9)使用“Its high time that.”句式升级句(3) 答案 (8)As we all know, cars give off carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, diseases and so on. (9)In order to protect our en
8、vironment, it is high time that we should go green. 连句成篇 参考范文 Boys and girls, Im honored to give the speech. With the development of society and economy, the number of private cars is increasing at a surprising speed. As we all know, cars give off carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent nat
9、ural disasters, diseases and so on. In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we should go green. Firstly, we should raise peoples awareness of the importance of going green. Secondly, using public transportation or riding bicycles instead of using private cars can make a great diffe
10、rence to the problem. Whats more, we should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so on. Last but not least, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life. Thank you. 写作积累 1.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situa
11、tion.我急切呼吁采取措施应对这种状况。 2.Keep our mountains green, the water clean, and the sky blue.使我们的山常绿,水常清,天常蓝。 3.On no account should we develop our economy at the cost of our environment.我们绝对不应该以我们的环境为代价 来发展我们的经济。 4.We cant deny that everybody has done something to damage the environment, so we cant deny tha
12、t everybody should take the responsibility for protecting our living planet.我们不能否认每个人都做过破坏环境的事情,所以我们不能否认每 个人都有责任来保护我们赖以生存的星球。 5.However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.然而,自然资源 并不是无穷无尽的,一些储备已经到了枯竭的边缘。 实战演练 () 近日你所在的学校开展了一项以“为建设节约型社会献一计”为主
13、题的活动,同学们提出了许多建议。假如你是学 生会主席李华,请你写一封致全体师生的公开信,要点包括: 1.不浪费粮食和纸张; 2.尽量不使用一次性筷子、塑料袋; 3.毕业生将书赠给低年级同学循环使用。 注意: 1.词数 120左右; 2.不要逐字翻译,可适当增加细节; 3.开头已经为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks Dear teachers and fellow students, 题目二 概要写作 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Its a really good idea to visit colleges
14、before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live in a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems
15、a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you ca
16、n to make sure you are making the right one. Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited the campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go c
17、heck it out! If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about
18、certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit. Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counsellors(顾问), and it wont cost you a p
19、enny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to
20、attend. 写作流程 第一步:初读获取文章体裁及段落大意 本文是一篇议论文,全文共分四段,采用了总分结构。 第一段:在你申请之前参观一下大学是个好主意; 第二段:没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校; 第三段:你应该在申请和得到录取通知书期间找到一些时间来参观学校; 第四段:如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。 第二步:再读获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息 1.寻找文章主旨句 第一段第一句中 Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply为本文主旨句。 2.寻找段落主旨句 Paragraph 2:Theres no e
21、xcuse not to visit the schools in your local area. Paragraph 3:.you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools. Paragraph 4:.check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. 3.寻找支持信息句 第四段中的 it can be a very useful tool that along with all yo
22、ur other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend 是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和说明。 第三步:立足文章结构,筛选主要信息,提炼关键词 本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主 要信息写入概要。本文中 visit colleges、visit the schools、check out the online college fairs 等词语为关键词,它们是
23、概要 写作的基础和核心。 第四步:依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息 1.可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合: Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area. 2.可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合: Check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive that will help you make an informed decision. 3.忠于原文思想,变换表
24、达方式 Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area. It is a wise choice for you to visit the colleges you are applying to in person, especially the ones that are close to you. 4.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯 第五步:检查誊写 It is a wise choice for you to visit the college
25、s you are applying to in person, especially the ones that are close to you.(要 点 1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点 2)If time and money are your problems, it will be of great benefit to go to the online college fairs
26、at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要点 3) 方法总结 一、议论文概要写作步骤 议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentence)、支撑句 (supporting details)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。 1.找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句 议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段,或者在各段的首句或尾句。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。 2.根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句)进行改
27、写;或用相应的同义词,或进行句型转换(如主动句 改为被动句等),千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句。 3.用连词连接各部分,使文章连贯; 4.整合中心要点,使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等合并、简化句子,使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数。 二、议论文概要写作注意事项 (1)不能摘抄原文句子, 要用自己的语言“重组”主要内容; (2)只保留主要观点,不要细节; (3)不要发表自己的观点; (4)不要把列举、描绘性语言当成概述性语言; (5)一般用第三人称转述; (6)概述不要太宽泛,缺乏针对性,也不要只针对原文某个细节,概述得太狭窄; (7)注意段中句子的衔接, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的
28、句子; (8)保证无语法错误。 写作积累 概要写作常用关联词: 一、顺序 概括要点时,可以使用表示顺序的连接词,这样可以使文章脉络清楚。 first, second, third 首先、第二、第三 firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally首先、第二、第三、最后 to begin with, then, furthermore, finally首先、然后、其次、最后 to start with, next, in addition, finally首先、然后、其次、最后 first of all, besides, last but not least 首先、其次、
29、最后但同样重要的是 most important of all, moreover, finally最重要的、再者、最后 二、并列 as well as 也;not only.but(also)不仅而且;including/included 包括 三、对比 on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一方面;for one thing.for another. 一方面另一方 面;on the contrary与此相反;nevertheless 然而;compared to 与相比;in contrast with 与成对比 四、递进 even 甚至;beside
30、s 除了之外(还);whats more更重要的是;as for至于;so.that. 如此以至于;moreover 而且;furthermore此外;but for要不是;in addition 除以外;worse still=whats worse=to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 五、例证 in ones opinion 在某人看来;that is to say也就是说;namely即;as a matter of fact/in fact 事实上;for example/for instance例如 六、强调 especially特别;indeed 确实;at l
31、east 至少;at most 最多;not at all 完全不;or rather更确切地说;particularly特别 七、因果 thanks to 多亏了;as a result 结果;because of/as a result of/on account of/due to 因为;owing to 由于;for this reason 由于 这个原因 八、总结 in short 总之;generally speaking一般来说;in my opinion/view 在我看来;briefly/in brief总之;as far as Im concerned 我 认为;as yo
32、u know 正如你所知道的;as is known to all 众所周知;to sum up=to summarize=in summary总之 实战演练 () 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The problem is that countries around the world have been growing mountains of rubbish because people are
33、throwing away more rubbish than ever before. How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it. Thanks to modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Prod
34、ucts are plentiful and cheap. Another cause is our love of disposable products. As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our ap
35、petites for new products also contribute to the problem. We are addicted to buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we
36、 can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve our problem. Maybe there is another
37、 way out. We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes to repairing. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. Part 4 Writing 实战演练 题目一 应用文写
38、作 One possible version: Dear teachers and fellow students, Recently,there has been an activity of “Doing your bit for an energy-saving society” in our school. Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions. Some students suggest that we sho
39、uldnt waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get. Meanwhile, some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags. Besides, it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates, which are still i
40、n good condition, not be thrown away but be recycled. Actually, there are still quite a lot of things that we can easily do. For example, try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society. Thank you. 题目二 概要写作 One poss
41、ible version: With more things thrown away, there is an increasing amount of rubbish worldwide.(要点 1)Some factors may account for this phenomenon.(要点 2)Firstly, compared to repairing, substituting an item is easier due to abundant and cheap goods available.(要点 3)Secondly, our performance for disposable and new products also worsens the problem.(要点 4)The solution lies in recycling materials and fixing broken objects. But more importantly, we should change our consuming habits.(要点 5)
