1、 1scare v使(某人)惊恐，吓唬scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的scary adj.可 怕的，吓人的 2dive v(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水diver n潜水员diving n潜水 3fortune n运气；命运；财富fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运 地 4extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种 target v把作为目标 n目标；对象；靶子 Few players managed to get their shots on the target. 靶子 The company has targeted ad
2、ults as its primary customers. 把作为目标 We were still right on target for our deadline. 目标 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 scare v 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 n恐慌，惊吓 (教材 P62) People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse. 虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但大白鲨让事态变得更为严重。 例 1 The drought is really serious，but it cant scare us. 旱
3、情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们。 例 2 Dont you realize what a scare youve given us all? 你难道没意识到你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？ 造句 对不起，我并不是要吓唬你们。 Im sorry，but I didnt mean to scare you. 知识拓展 (1)scare away/off 把吓跑 scare to death 把吓得要死 scare sb.into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb.out of ones mind/skin 把某人吓得魂不附体 (2)scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 be
4、scared of 害怕 (3)scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的 即学即练 单句语法填空 The high price scared away/off many possible buyers. News of the robbery scared many people into fitting new locks to their doors. Its scary(scare) to think how easily children can be hurt. 小片段助记 The scary scene scared the boy.He felt scared but he trie
5、d to hide his scare. 知识要点2 due to 因为，由于；应归于；应支付 (教材 P62)This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning. 这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。 例 1 Most of the problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。 例 2 That money is due to me，but I havent got it yet. 那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。 造句 这项工程由于缺乏资金而不得不放弃。 The p
6、roject had to be abandoned due to a lack of money. 知识拓展 be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定要做某事 即学即练 单句语法填空 The restaurants success was largely due to its new manager. The bus was due to arrive(arrive) at 5 p m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog. 知识要点3 cut off 切掉，砍掉；切断，中断(供给)；使隔绝 (教材 P62)Finn
7、ing is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. 割鳍是一种捕鱼方式， 在这种捕鱼方式中， 鲨鱼被捕获后， 它们的鳍被割掉。 例 1 He had hardly turned on the TV when the power was cut off. 他刚要打开电视就停电了。 例 2 The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month. 由于大雪，这个村子与外界隔离了一个月。 造句 他在工作时被机器切掉了一
8、个手指。 He had a finger cut off by a machine while working. 知识拓展 cut down 砍倒；减少，缩减 cut in 插话；插进；让某人分享利润 cut out 裁剪；删除 cut up 切碎；剁碎 cut through 开通(隧道) 即学即练 单句语法填空 My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut down It is impolite for children to cut in when adults are talking. Lets cut
9、 up the chicken and make some soup. 知识要点4 fortunately adv.幸运地 (教材 P63)Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharkssome became interested in understanding them. 幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影大白鲨的人都害怕鲨鱼有些人对了 解鲨鱼很感兴趣。 例 1 I got to the station late，but fortunately the train was still there
10、. 我到车站时已经晚了，但是幸运的是火车还没有开。 例 2 Fortunately，she promised me another chance to interview. 幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。 造句 幸运的是，他在最后一刻赶上了最后一班车。 Fortunately，he caught the last bus at the last moment. 知识拓展 (1)fortunately for sb. 某人幸运的是 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的 be fortunate to do sth. 幸运的做某事 (3)fortune n. 运气；命运；财富 ma
11、ke a fortune 发大财 (4)unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 misfortune n. 厄运 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was fortunate to have(have) a lovely and healthy child. It is said that the old man made a fortune abroad by collecting old things. We have to depend on our original plan if unfortunately(fortunately) thi
12、s one doesnt work out. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones misfortune(fortune) 小片段助记 It was fortunate of them to make a fortune by trading with foreigners.And more fortunately for them，they were supported by the government. 知识要点5 extinction n灭绝，绝种 (教材 P63)Today，as we
13、learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. 今天， 随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多， 越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭 绝。 例 1 Many rare animals are close to extinction，so we must find ways to protect our environment. 许多稀有动物濒临灭绝，因此我们必须想办法保护我们的环境。 例 2 As is often the case，humans are the primary cause
14、 of extinction. 通常情况下，人类是物种灭绝的主要原因。 造句 这种植物现在有绝种的危险。 The plant is now in danger of extinction. 知识拓展 (1)be close to extinction 濒临灭绝 protect from extinction 保护免于灭绝 (2)extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的 (3)die out 灭绝，绝种 即学即练 单句语法填空 In brief，the extinction(extinct) of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came in
15、to being. If people dont pay attention to the protection of rare animals，they will soon die out 知识要点6 attitude n(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度； 姿势，姿态 (教材 P64)Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage. 用本文的单词和短语完成这个展示人们对鲨鱼的态度是如何变化的表格。 例
16、1 As the saying goes，attitude determines altitude. 俗话说，态度决定高度。 例 2 People with a positive attitude towards life are more likely to succeed. 对生活有积极态度的人更有可能成功。 造句 如果你想通过考试，你最好改变你的态度。 If you want to pass the exam，youd better change your attitude. 知识拓展 attitude to/towards 对的态度/看法 have/take a positive/ne
17、gative attitude to/towards 对持肯定/否定的态度 take/adopt a/an attitude 采取的态度 in a attitude 以的姿势 即学即练 单句语法填空 What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a parttime job? Beauty is an attitude.It has nothing to do with age. He was kneeling by his bed in an attitude of devotion. Sentence Pat
18、tern 重点句式 形容词作状语 (教材 P62) Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 一些人停止在海里游泳，因为害怕遇到电影里描写的这种可怕的动物。 句式分析：afraid of the horrible creature from the film 是形容词短语作状语， 说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因 或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 例 1 Surprised and afr
19、aid，Tom ran out of the room. 又惊又怕，汤姆从房间里跑了出去。 例 2 One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing winds. 一位妇女躺在床上，醒着，静听着那急急的风声。 造句 长途旅行后他们三个回家了，又累又饿。 After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired. 即学即练 单句语法填空 The little match girl was walking in the street，cold a
20、nd hungry(hunger) Surprised(surprise) and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize. He came back after a trip，tired(tire) but happy. 1(教材 P62)Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. 分析：本句为复合句。主语部分中 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 many people； 动词 believe 后为 t
21、hat 引导的宾语从句， 其中包含一个 that 引导的定语从 句，修饰先行词 bad animals。 译文：许多看过这部影片的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。 2(教材 P63)Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. 分析：本句为复合句。the man 与 Peter Benchley 为同位语，其后 who 引导 的定语从句修饰先行词 the man，而 the book 后为省略关系代词 that/w
22、hich 的定 语从句，修饰先行词 the book。 译文： 割鳍可能对彼得 本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。 此人写了 大白鲨 ， 电影大白鲨就是以该书为蓝本。 教材 高考 1.People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse. (2019 全国卷) but the gun shots had scared the dog off. 2.Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and exp
23、ressions from the passage. (2019 北 京 卷 )Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend 3.Today ， as we learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. (2019 天津卷)The weak links may thus keep species from driving
24、 one another to extinction. 4.Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. (2018 全国卷)They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. 5.In 1980，Benchley was diving
25、when he came across an awful sight. (2018 全国卷)I took off my T- shirt and dived into the water. 6.Fortunately ， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks some became interested in understanding them. (2018 全国卷)Fortunately，after a brief stay in hospital， Ben was well enough to be
26、allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 7.This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning. (2018 全国卷) a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. 8.“Sharks dont target humans， ” he said. (2019 浙江卷)Woodcutters targeted big trees. 9.This was n
27、ot only due to fear of (2018 浙江卷)You might also begin to sharks，but also finning. notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 10.Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. (2016 北京卷)The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow
28、. .单句语法填空 1His face was pale and he looked scared(scare) to death. 2He is seen as one of the classical composers in this century. 3Its thrilling to see people diving(dive) into the sea from a cliff. 4I was late in getting to the station.But fortunately(fortunate)，the train was late，too. 5Not only th
29、e students but also the teacher is(be) tired of the endless examinations. 6We want to know whether the drug has a bad effect on/upon peoples health. 7 Targeted(target) at improving the level of English， English Corner is held once a week. 8 Many species are in danger of extinction(extinct) because o
30、f the destruction of their natural habitat. 9 What impresses me most is his friendly and enthusiastic attitude towards/to all the customers. 10When it was his turn to deliver his speech，he walked towards the microphone，nervous and embarrassed(embarrass) .短语填空 in fear，be scared of，due to，cut off，be b
31、ased on，come across，rather than， by mistake 1Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 2Sorry，Tom，I took your notebook instead of mine by mistake 3I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 4The bridge looked so unsafe that we all hung back in fear 5He got up ve
32、ry early this morning，for he was scared of being late. 6Our success was largely due to the good cooperation of all team members. 7It is those who are willing to give rather than to receive that deserve respecting. 8When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the w
33、orld. .课文语法填空 Since the film Jaws was shown in 1975， people have always been 1.scared(scare) of sharks.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad 2.animals(animal) that ate humans.Some people started fishing for sharks ， 3.killing(kill) as many as they could.At that time，no
34、body cared if sharks were killed or how many sharks were killed.People just wanted them killed.After 1975，4.the number of large sharks fell 5.quickly(quick) around the world.This was not only due 6.to fear of sharks，but also finning.Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man
35、 who wrote the book the film Jaws 7.was based(base) on.In 1980， Benchley 8.was diving(dive) when he came across an awful sight.It was an area 9.where fishermen were finning，and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.He came to see people as a danger to sharks，rather than the other way round.From that day on，he 10.fought(fight) to protect sharks.
