1、Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1. adj.恼怒的,烦恼的 2. v. 适应,(使)习惯 3. n.职责,义务;责任 4. n.意外事件,偶然因素 5. adj.核心的(课程、团体等) 6. v.确保,保证 plexity n. 8.forgive v. 9.criticise v. 10.embarrassment n. 11.boxing n. annoyed adjust duty accident core ensure 复杂性,错综复杂 原谅,宽恕 批评,指责 尴尬,难为情 拳击(运动) 重点短语 1.by accident 2.be s
2、atisfied with 3.look down on 4.keep silent 5.adjust to 6.担心 7.与相处 8.带头,率先 9.逃离,逃出 10.定居,安顿下来 偶然,意外地 对感到满足,满意 看不起,蔑视 保持沉默 适应 worry about get along with take the lead run away from settle down 重点句式 1.When Riley moves to a new city,she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 2.It is believed
3、 that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in peoples lives. 重点语法 过去分词作状语 .释义匹配 1.annoyed A.to stop feeling angry with sb who has done sth to harm you 2.adjust B.to be careful or certain to do something 3.ensure C.the state of being complicated plexity D.slightly angry
4、 5.forgive E.to adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions 答案 1.D 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.A .找出句子中画线词的逻辑主语 1.Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful. 2.Born in a poor family,Jane had only two years of schooling. 3.The cup fell down to the ground,broken. 4.Given more time,he ca
5、n do it better. 5.Explained a hundred times,he still cant understand it. 6.Supported by the nurse,the patient got off the bed. 7.The hunter walked slowly into the forest,followed by his dog. 8.When given a medical examination,you should keep calm. the park Jane The cup he the patient The hunter you
6、he 重点词汇 1.They would look down on her.(教材P5) 他们会看不起她。 【词汇精讲】look down on 在句中意为“看不起,轻视,蔑视”。有时 也用look down upon。反义词组为 look up to,意为“敬仰,钦佩,仰 慕”。 You shouldnt look down on someone else because he is poor. 你不要因为别人穷而看不起他。 Youre a popular girl,Grace,and a lot of the younger ones look up to you. 你很受大家欢迎,格雷丝
7、,很多比你小的孩子都很崇拜你。 【词汇拓展】 look after 照顾,照料 look ahead 向前看,着眼未来 look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾 look at看 look back 回头看;回顾 look forward to 盼望,期待 look into 观察;调查 look on 旁观,观望 look on.as.把看作 look out 当心,小心,留神 look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过看 look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看 The Chinese people will not look on with folded arms
8、! 中国人民不会袖手旁观! If you look back,you will think about things that happened in the past. 如果你回顾过去,你就会想到很多发生在过去的事情。 2.When Riley moves to a new city,she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.(教材P5) 当莱利搬到新的城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。 【词汇精讲】句中adjust 是动词,意为“(使)适应;(使)习惯”。adjust 也有“调整,调节”的意思,为及物动词。 Watch
9、out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.当心急 转弯并相应调整车速。 【词汇拓展】 adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事 adjust oneself (to) sth (使)适应 well-adjusted adj.完全适应环境的 adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的 adjustment n.调整,调节;适应 Youll quickly adjust yourself to student life. 你将很快适应学生生活。 After a while his eyes adjusted
10、to the dark. 过了一会儿他的眼睛习惯了黑暗。 Spray systems are adjustable and can cover areas anywhere from one foot to fifteen. 喷雾系统可调节并可以任意覆盖115英尺的区域。 He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking. 他必须在思想观念上作出重大的转变。 【易混辨析】adjust/fit/adapt adjust 多指机械或仪器方面的严格调整,借正确的判断或熟练 的技术使两者相配合;也可指人或其他生物改变原有的 生活方式,适应新的
11、环境 fit 多指某物的形状、大小、尺寸适合某人或某物,常与 in,into 连用 adapt (使)适合,(使)适应,强调只作细微的修改或变动,以适应 新的情况;常与介词for,to 连用;adapt也有“改编,改写;改 变以适合”的意思 3.Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Rileys happy core memories with Joy.(教材P5) 悲伤想承担自己的责任,可是无意间造成了莱利核心快乐记忆的丢 失。 【词汇精讲】accident 是名词,意为“事故,意外事件,偶然因素”。b
12、y accident 意为“偶然,意外地”,在句中作状语。 I found it by accident.我是无意中找到它的。 She was involved in a serious car accident last week. 她上个星期卷入了一场严重的车祸。 【词汇拓展】 accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的 without accident 平安无事地 It is no accident that. 绝非偶然。 That night passed without accident.那夜平安无事。 It is no accident that men fill mos
13、t of the top jobs. 大多数高级职位由男性承担绝非偶然。 【易混辨析】accident/incident/event accident 指事故,意外事件。 incident 一般指小事件、小事故。 event 一般指大的事件、活动或大型运动项目。 4.Worried about her,Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.(教材P5) 快乐和悲伤非常担心她,试图齐心协力确保她把核心记忆找回来。 【词汇精讲】句中ensure是及物动词,意为“确保,保证”,相当
14、于make sure,后边直接跟名词或句子。 In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan. 为了保证成功,我们必须要有一个完整并周密的计划。 We must ensure that all patients have access to high quality care. 我们必须确保所有的病人都能够得到高质量的护理。 【易混辨析】assure/ensure/insure (1)assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意, 以消除疑虑)。 assure sb of sth 使某
15、人对某事物确信无疑 assure sb that.向某人保证 (2)ensure “确定,保证”,确保某种行为一定会发生。 ensure sth /ensure that.确保/保证 (3)insure指为防不测,向保险公司付钱投保。 He assured us of his ability to solve the problem. 他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。 I will ensure that the car arrives by six oclock. 我保证汽车六点钟以前到。 My house is insured against fire. 我的房子投保了火险。 5.Try
16、 to forgive someone when they apologise.(教材P6) 当他们道歉的时候尽量原谅他们。 【词汇精讲】 forgive为及物动词,意为“原谅”,过去式为forgave,过 去分词为forgiven。 Forgive me.I dont mean to insult you. 请原谅我,我不是有意侮辱你。 I forgave her a long time ago. 我早已原谅她了。 【词汇拓展】 forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事 forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做了某事 forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇
17、 The pain was acute,and I couldnt forgive Danny for leaving me.痛 苦是剧烈的,我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。 It is a virtue to forgive and forget,especially in such a competitive and stressful society.不记仇是一种美德,特别是在这样一个竞争激 烈、压力重重的社会中。 6.This can cause embarrassment.(教材P6) 这可能会引起尴尬。 【词汇精讲】句中的embarrassment是名词,意为“窘迫;尴尬;难堪; 令人困窘
18、的人或物”。 I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that. 他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。 The poverty figures were undoubtedly an embarrassment to the president. 贫困数字毫无疑问让总统非常难堪。 【词汇拓展】 embarrass vt.使尴尬;使难堪;使窘迫 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的;令人困窘的 embarrassed adj.尴尬的;困窘的 to ones embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 Its embarrassing to int
19、roduce yourself to strangers. 把自己介绍给陌生人很尴尬。 He was embarrassed by his poor performance in sports. 他因运动成绩不佳而感到难堪。 7.I can tell he is not easy to get along with.(教材P6) 我能看出他不容易相处。 【词汇精讲】get along with在句中意为“与相处”。“与相 处得好”是get along/on well with。 I think Im relatively easy to get along with. 我认为自己相对比较容易相
20、处。 Its impossible to get along with him. 根本无法跟他和睦相处。 【词汇拓展】 get about 徘徊,走动 get accustomed to 习惯于 get across 被传达;被理解 get away 离开,逃脱 get down to 认真对待 get off 从下来;脱下(衣服) get over 恢复 get rid of 除去,摆脱 get through 到达,完成 get together 积聚,积累 get used to 习惯于 Itll be fine once you get accustomed to using it.
21、一旦你用惯了就好了。 Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers. 官员们感觉自己的观点并未准确地传达到大臣们那里。 重点句式 1.When Riley moves to a new city,she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.(教材P5) 当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。 【句式剖析】句中的have a hard time (in) doing结构,意为“做某事 很困难”。 We will have a h
22、ard time getting justice. 我们将很难获得公正。 【句式拓展】 have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事很困难 have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦 have fun (in) doing sth做某事有意思(有趣) have a good time doing sth玩得开心,过得愉快 I have difficulty (in) understanding what he says. 我要理解他说的话有困难。 We had great fun (in) comparing our baby pictures.
23、我们觉得比较宝宝的照片这件事很有趣。 2.It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in peoples lives.(教材P7) 据说,在人们生活中情商甚至比智商更重要。 【句式剖析】It is believed that.是主语从句,真正的主语是that引导 的从句。that在主语从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,但是不可 以省略。 It is believed that the couple have left the country. 人们相信那对夫妇已
24、经离开了这个国家。 It is believed that you will succeed in the end. 人们认为你最终会成功。 【句式拓展】常见的这类结构有: It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is decided that. 已经决定 It is suggested/advised that. 有人建议 It is ordered that. 根据命令 It is thought/considered that. 有人认为 It is hoped that. 人们希望 It is expected that. 人们预
25、料 It is announced that. 已宣布 It is reported that more than thirty miners were buried in the mine. 据报道30多位矿工被埋矿中。 It is generally considered that women live longer than men.人们普 遍认为女人比男人长寿。 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment. 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。 重点语法 过去分
26、词作状语 一、过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或 伴随情况等,可以转化成相应的状语从句。 1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词 when或while来强调时间概念。 Accepted by the Party,he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。 2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 Deeply moved by the story,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other
27、. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。 3.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。 Given another chance,he will do better. 如果再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。 4.表示让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Laughed at by many people,he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。 5.表示方式或伴随情况。 Seated at the table,my father and I were talking about my job
28、. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 6.过去分词无论作什么状语,其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。 【误】Seen from the mountain,we found the building is very small. 【正】Seen from the mountain,the building is very small. 二、现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主 语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应 的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分 词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用
29、现在分词。分词 前可带连词when,while,if,though,as if,unless等一起作状语,以便使 句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。 Working hard (If you work hard),you will succeed some day. 如果你努力,有一天你会成功的。 If merely drawn on your imagination,the report will not be convincing. 假若仅靠你的想象去写,报告是不会有说服力的。 三、分词的独立结构 1.分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一 致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带
30、主语的分词被称为“分词 的独立结构”,或叫“独立主格”。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、 条件等。 The project finished,they had two weeks leave. 完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。 2.独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分 词”的结构,表示伴随状况。 They sat there silently,(with) their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地 坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。 .单词拼写 1.In Chapter Five,it explains how to e the qua
31、lity in Accounting Market. 答案 ensure 2.Irene f Terry for stealing her money. 答案 forgave 3.Would he get a if I told him about it? 答案 annoyed 4.This increases the c of administration. 答案 complexity 5.I consider it my d to write to you and thank you. 答案 duty 6.A policeman a killed his two best friends
32、with a single bullet. 答案 accidentally 7.We apologise for any e this may have caused. 答案 embarrassment .改写下列句子 1.Inspired by her example,the League members worked even harder. = 答案 Because they were inspired by her example,the League members worked even harder. 2.The children soon fell asleep,exhaust
33、ed by the journey. = 答案 The children soon fell asleep,because they were exhausted by the journey. 3. Once published, this dictionary will be very popular! = 答案 Once it is published,this dictionary will be very popular! 4.United,we stand;divided,we fall. = 答案 If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall. 5.Beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder. = 答案 Though the players were beaten by the opposite team,they were not discouraged and practiced even harder.
