1、01810181语言学导论语言学导论 第 1 批作业 单选题When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas, it serves a _ function. A:expressive B:evocative C:performative D:phatic 参考答案：D 判断题The distinction between competence and performance was
2、proposed by F. de Saussure. 参考答案：错误 单选题_ is the study of meaning in language. A:Syntax B:Applied linguistics C:Morphology D:Semantics 参考答案：D 单选题By _, we mean language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. A:cultural transmission B: interchangeability C:displacem
3、ent D:creativity 参考答案：C 单选题Which of the following statements is FALSE: A:Language is just for communication. B:Language is one of many ways in which we experience the world. C: Language is a sign system. D:Language is arbitrary and conventional. 参考答案：A 单选题Of the following sounds, _ is a rounded vowe
4、l. A:au B: u: C:ju: D:e 参考答案：B 单选题There are _ morphemes in the word policemen. A: two B:three C:four D:five 参考答案：B 单选题The syllabic structure of the word children is _. A:CVCCVC B:CCVCCCVC C:CCVCCVC D:CVVCCVC 参考答案：A 单选题_ are produced when the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate ant th
5、e back of the throat and the air is allowed to pass through it. A:Semi-vowels B:Affricates C:Nasals D:Glides 参考答案：C 单选题_ studies the changes in language and language use with respect to social factors. A:Sociolinguistics B:Comparative linguistics C:Syntax D:Computational linguistics 参考答案：A 单选题A _ is
6、 any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added. A:root B:free morpheme C:stem D:suffix 参考答案：C 单选题Which one of the following statements does not account for the primacy of speech over writing in linguistic analysis? _ A:Speech existed long before writing systems came into be
7、ing. B:Speech is more complex than writing. C:Genetically children learn to speak before learning to write. D: Written forms just represent in this way or that the speech sounds. 参考答案：B 单选题Foreign language learners errors may be caused by _. A:borrowing patterns from the mother tongue B:extending pa
8、tterns form the target language, e.g. by analogy C:expressing meanings using the words and grammar which are already known D:all the above three 参考答案：D 单选题Language serves the _ function when it is used to express the speakers feeling or attitude or to arouse a certain feeling or attitude in the hear
9、er. A: phatic B:informative C:emotive D:directive 参考答案：C 单选题Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. A：False B：True 参考答案：B 判断题Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 参考答案：错误 单选题If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people
10、 actually use, it is said to be _. A：prescriptive B：analytic C：descriptive D：linguistic 参考答案：C 单选题Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A：primary B：better C：secondary D：unchangeable 参考答案：C 单选题Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanin
11、gs. A：sense B：sounds C：objects D：ideas 参考答案：B 单选题Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A：Arbitrariness B：Displacement C：Duality D：Meaningfulness 参考答案：D 判断题A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 参考答案：错误 判断题Modern linguistics is
12、 different from traditional grammar. 参考答案：正确 单选题The branch of linguistic study called _ is concerned with how speakers use the sentences of a language to achieve effective and successful communication. A:sociolinguistics B:pragmatics C:syntax D:computational linguistics 参考答案：B 第 2 批作业 判断题A persons s
13、ocial backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features. 参考答案：错误 判断题Componential analysis is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. 参考答案：正确 判断题The standard language is a better language than nonstandard
14、 languages. 参考答案：错误 判断题Derivation refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixes to the roots, stems, or words. 参考答案：正确 判断题Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. 参考答案：错误 判断题The distinction between competence and performance is p
15、roposed by Halliday. 参考答案：错误 判断题Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing. 参考答案：错误 判断题Hyponymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. 参考答案：错误 判断题What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of u
16、se is considered. 参考答案：正确 判断题“alive” and “dead” are complementary antonyms. 参考答案：正确 判断题Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another. 参考答案：正确 判断题Both semantics and pragmatics stu
17、dy how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 参考答案：错误 判断题Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages. 参考答案：错误 判断题For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of ad
18、ults. 参考答案：正确 判断题Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input. 参考答案：正确 判断题Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages. 参考答案：错误 判断题The kind ofname or term speakers
19、 use to call or refer tosomeone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual. 参考答案：正确 判断题“Smog” is a word formed by the word-forming process called acronymy. 参考答案：错误 判断题The Cooperative Principle is advanced by Paul Grice. 参考答案：正确 判断题Two speakers o
20、f the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way. 参考答案：错误 第 3 批作业 填空题 The _ relation is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent. 参考答案：paradigmatic 填空题Poor Jo
21、hn and ran away are the_ constituents of the sentence Poor John ran away. 参考答案：immediate 填空题 Michael A. K. Halliday has developed the _ grammar. 参考答案：systemic-functional 填空题 The transformational-generative grammar was proposed by the American linguist Noam _. 参考答案：Chomsky 填空题 The word brunch is form
22、ed by way of _ from breakfast and lunch. 参考答案：blending 填空题_ is the study of teh formation of sentences in a language. 参考答案：Syntax 填空题_ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content. 参考答案：Morpheme 填空题 A _ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which
23、an affix can be added. 参考答案：stem 填空题Morphemes that may constitute words by themselves are _. 参考答案：free morphemes 填空题A _ is the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity. 参考答案：root 填空题_ affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to. 参考答案：Infl
24、ectional 填空题WTO is an _ made up from teh first letters of the name of the organization World Trade Organization. 参考答案：acronym 第 4 批作业 判断题All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. 参考答案：正确 单选题In first language acquisition, imitation plays _. A：a minor role B：a significant
25、 role C：a basic role D： no role 参考答案：A 单选题The syllabic structure of the word achieved” is _. A:VCCVCC B:VCVCC C:VCVVCVC D:VCCVCVC 参考答案：B 单选题_are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. A:Roots B:Stems C:Affixes D:Compounds 参考答案：C 单选题The relation between the two words buy” and
26、sell” can be described as_. A: gradable antonymy B:converse antonymy C:complementary antonymy D:synonymy 参考答案：B 单选题Many Chinese English learners may, at the beginning stage, produce mans” and photoes” as the plural forms of man” and photo”. This is most likely the result of _ in the process of forei
27、gn language learning. A:Negative transfer B:Overgeneralization C:Positive transfer D:mother tongue interference 参考答案：B 单选题Which of the following qualities is not the requirement of a good test? _. A:Objectivity B:Reliability C:Validity D:Both A and C 参考答案：A 单选题Which of the following statements about
28、 machine translation is likely to be wrong? _. A: Machine translation has always been a chief concern in computational linguistics. B:There are areas where machine translation surpasses human translations. C:Sooner or later, machine translation will replace human translation completely. D:In some ar
29、eas, human translations surpasses machine translation. 参考答案：C 单选题Teaching culture in our language classes can _. A:get the students familiar with cultural differences B:help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the target culture will C:emphasize the inseparabili
30、ty of understanding language and understanding culture through various classroom practices D:All of the above. 参考答案：D 单选题According to Grices theory, a conversational implicature arises when the cooperative principle and its maxims are _. A:strictly observed B:secretly and deliberately violated C:bla
31、tantly or apparently violated D:Both A and B 参考答案：C 单选题The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds. A：voiceless B：voiced C：vowel D：consonantal 参考答案：A 单选题Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said t
32、o be _. A：in phonemic contrast B：in complementary distribution C：the allophones D：minimal pair 参考答案：A 单选题The sound /f/ is _. A：voiced palatal affricate B：voiced alveolar stop C：voiceless velar fricative D：voiceless labiodental fricative 参考答案：D 单选题The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _
33、. A：lexical B：morphemic C：grammatical D：semantic 参考答案：C 单选题_ is a voiced alveolar stop. A：/z/ B：/d/ C：/k/ D：/b/ 参考答案：B 单选题The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _. A：identical B：same C：exactly alike D：similar 参
34、考答案：D 单选题A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A：back B：central C：front D：middle 参考答案：C 单选题_ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A：Words B：Morphemes C：Phonemes D：Sentences 参考答案：B 单选题Bound
35、morphemes are those that _. A： have to be used independently B：can not be combined with other morphemes C：can stand as words on their own D： have to be combined with other morphemes 参考答案：D 判断题The statement His car is yellow entails the statement He has a car. 参考答案：错误 判断题Sense is concerned with the r
36、elationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. 参考答案：错误 单选题Language serves the _ function when it is used to talk about language itself. A:recreational B:metalingual C:phatic D:performative 参考答案：B 单选题The Cooperative Principle that language users are believed to follow was initially proposed by_. A:Grice B: Austin C:Chomsky D:Saussure 参考答案：A
