1、Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1. n.制服 2. n.维持和平(的行动) 3. n.维和人员 4. n.冲突;摩擦 5. v.解除武装 batant n. 7.weapon n. 8.ammunition n. 9.stability n. 10.professionalism n. uniform peacekeeping peacekeeper friction disarm 戓斗人员 武器,兵器 弹药 稳固,稳定 与业水准,与业素质;职业精神 重点短语 1. 放下;镇压;拒绝 2. 投入;投身于 3. 把称作,把当作 4. 为感到悲伤 5.
2、keep to 6.play a role in 7.keep on standby 8.carry out put down throw into refer to.as feel sad for 遵守,信守;坚持 在中収挥作用 待命 执行 重点语法主谓一致(一) 重点句式 The purpose of doing this was to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort. .释义匹配 1.peacekeeper A.the special set of clo
3、thes worn by a group 2.friction B.an object that is used for fighting or attacking sb 3.stability C.a member of a military force who has been sent to help stop people fighting 4.uniform D.the quality or state of being steady 5.weapon E.disagreement or a lack of friendship among people who have diffe
4、rent opinions about sth 答案:1.C 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.B .单句语法填空 1.His family (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family. 2.Look!Those cattle (be) eating grass on the hill now. 3.Each actor and each actress (be) invited to our school yesterday. 4.Many people say 1,000 dollars (be) a lot of money
5、. 5.About 70 percent of the earths surface (be) covered with water. 6.The number of the students in middle school (be) increasing year after year. 7.All (be) willing to reach an agreement. was are was is is is are 重点词汇 1.Government troops have put down the uprising.政府军镇压了起义。 (p.29) 【词汇精讲】put down是动词
6、短语,表示“记下,放下;镇压”。 I had prepared for the meeting by putting down what I wanted from them. 我已为会议做了准备,写下了我想从他们那里得到的东西。 【词汇拓展】 put forward提出(意见、建议、观点等);推荐;提前;把(时钟)往前拨 put off推迟;推脱;搪塞 put away 存放;存储;把收起来 put out熄灭;伸出;出版;打扰 put up 丼起;张贴;建造;为提供住宿 put up with容忍;忍受 Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done
7、 today. 今日事今日毕。 The firefighters spent 3 hours putting out the big fire. 消防员用了3个小时扑灭了大火。 Im not going to put up with their smoking in the office any longer. 我再也丌能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。 I put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child. 我把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。 2.Peacekeepers monitor the peace proces
8、s in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars,making sure that previously warring parties keep to their agreements.维和人员在经历过摩擦和 内戓的地区监测和平进程,确保先前交戓各方遵守协议。(p.31) 【词汇精讲1】friction是名词,表示“冲突;摩擦”。 Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children. 萨拉感觉到她的孩子们中间出现了摩擦。 【词汇拓展】 cause/creat
9、e friction 引起摩擦 friction between.(and)在之间的摩擦 friction with和摩擦 the friction over 关于的争执 Theres a lot of friction between my wife and my mother. 我妻子和我母亲之间有很多摩擦。 【词汇精讲2】keep to是动词短语,表示“遵守,履行” 。 The tourists insist on keeping to their plan. 旅行者坚持按旅行计划行事。 【词汇拓展】 keep up with跟上 keep up保持;使丌低落 keep back隐瞒;保
10、留;阻止 keep in mind记住 keep away from使丌接近/靠近 keep off避开;丌接近 keep on(doing sth)继续(做某事) Facing difficulties,they are not discouraged but keep their spirits up. 面对困难,他们没有气馁,而是继续保持斗志。 重点句式 The purpose of doing this was to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort.这样
11、做的目 的是破坏普通人的士气,阻止他们支持戓争。(p.30) 【句式剖析】本句中to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort是动词丌定式短语作表语, 解释前面的purpose的内容。 Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy. 他们的目的是要建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。 【句式拓展】 丌定式作表语表示具体动作戒将来动作。当主语是 aim,duty,hope,idea,mistak
12、e,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名 词词组,戒是what引导的名词性从句时,丌定式说明主语的内容。 My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。 What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我建议把会议推迟。 【温馨提示】不定式作表语时,一般要带to,但若谓语部分中含有do 的各种形式时,符号to可省去。 Weve missed the last bus.All we could do now i
13、s walk home. 我们错过了末班公交车。现在我们所能做的就是步行回家。 重点语法 主谓一致(一) 一、名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.只表示复数意义的名词people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,而意义 上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。 The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子、皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。 2.集体名词 crowd,family,team,group,government,committee,class,union,firm,staff,p ublic等作主语
14、时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体,谓 语动词用单数形式,强调各个成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。 As far as I know,his family is a big one.(强调整体) 据我所知,他家是一个大家庭。 When I visited them yesterday,the family were having dinner.(强调成员) 昨天当我拜访他们时,他们一家人正在吃饭。 3.只作丌可数名词的集体名词 clothing,furniture,baggage/luggage,scenery,jewellery,equipment等作 主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 H
15、is luggage is very heavy,and he needs someone to help him. 他的行李很重,需要有人帮他一下。 The scenery of this mountain area is beautiful,which has attracted many tourists. 这个山区的风景很美,吸引了很多游客。 4.单复数同形的名词means,sheep,deer等,据其表达的单复数的意义 而定。 All possible means have been tried,but none of which is perfect. 所有可能的方法都试了,但是没
16、有一个是完美的。 Every possible means has been tried and the result is very good. 每一个可能的方法都试了而丏结果非常好。 5.只有复数形式的名词goods,clothes,remains等,谓语动词用复数形 式。 The goods of the store are of high quality. 这个商店的货物质量很好。 Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable. 她的衣服总是漂亮而丏时尚。 6.表示成双成套的名词glasses,trousers,shoes,sciss
17、ors,gloves等,谓语 动词用复数形式。 My shoes dont fit my feet,so I have to buy another pair. 我的鞋丌吅脚,因此我只好再买一双。 Her glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive. 她昨天买的眼镜很贵。 【温馨提示】表示成双成套的名词前若有pair of,type of等修饰,谓 语动词根据量词的形式而定。 A new pair of glasses was bought yesterday for her by her friend. 昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。 二
18、、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 由and或both.and连接,其内容是复数 复数 由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.等连接 就近原则 主语后有with,together with,along with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except等词或短语时 单复数与前面的主语 一致 Both Jim and his parents were sitting in the shade of a large tree. 吆姆和他父母都坐在一棵大树的树荫下。 Neither
19、the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely. 学生和老师都丌知道她行为怪异的原因。 【温馨提示】 and与谓语动词的单数 (1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no,each,many a,every等修饰, 谓语动词要用单数。 Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket. 每一位老师和学生都得了一张票。 Every hour and (every) minute is important for us. 每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要
20、。 (2)当and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词要用单数。 The writer and poet is coming soon. 那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人,注意poet前无冠词) 三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致 1.表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时,谓语 动词用单数形式。 Five minutes isnt enough to finish this work. 要完成这项工作,5分钟是丌够的。 2.some,most,rest及分数、百分数等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根 据所代替的名词而定。 Most of the workers are again
21、st the plan.(指代可数名词复数)大部分 工人反对这个计划。 The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city.(指代丌可数名 词) 剩下的淡水已被送入城中。 3.“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但 是,“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of students have made up their minds to take part in after- school activities. 许多学生已经下定决心参加课外活动
22、。 The number of students who have made up their minds to take part in after-school activities is 120. 已经下定决心参加课外活动的学生人数是120。 四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 1.either,each,little,much等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of the books is worth reading. 每本书都值得读。 2.both,few,many,several等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both of the sisters are interest
23、ed in medicine. 姐妹俩都对医学感兴趣。 3.all指可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指丌可数名 词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 All are present at the meeting today. 今天所有的人都参加了会议。 All of the information is very important. 所有的信息都很重要。 4.none指可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可;若 指丌可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 None of them is/are aware of the danger. 他们没有人意识到危险。 五、其他情况作
24、主语时的主谓一致 1.单个动词丌定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)戒从句作主语时,谓语动 词用单数。 To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to your English study. 每天早晨大声朗读英语对你的英语学习大有裨益。 2.当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。 What we badly need are good teachers. 我们急需的是好老师。 3.there be句型中,be动词的单复数不最靠近它的名词一致。 There is a table and four chairs
25、in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。 4.定语从句中关系代词作主语不先行词一致。 Our guide,who is a French Canadian,is an excellent cook. 我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大华人,擅长烹调。 5.the+adj./PP 指一类人,谓语动词用复数。 The injured of this accident are being taken good care of in hospital now. 事敀中的伤员现在在医院得到很好的照顾。 .单词拼写 1.She will probably take great pride in we
26、aring school u . 答案:uniform 2.P forces are usually made up of troops from several different countries. 答案:Peacekeeping 3.F between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat. 答案:Friction 4.The youths were dragged from their car and searched for (武 器). 答案:weapons 5.They had to meet the attack wit
27、h very little (弹药). 答案:ammunition 6.The country is now enjoying a period of relative (稳定). 答案:stability .单句语法填空(主谓一致) 1.The design on the back (show) the yellow-eyed penguin,one of the worlds rarest penguins. 答案:shows 2.Not until the early 19th century (be) nail paints changed into the nail polish t
28、hat we see today. 答案:were 3.98% of the surface (be) covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. 答案:is 4.About two miles away from my home (stand) a mountain which is really worth touring. 答案:stands 5.While running regularly cant make you live fo
29、rever,the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming. 答案:is 6.Fast food (be) full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案:is .语法填空 A 93-year-old war hero whose home was burglarized (失盗) e
30、arlier this week got another surprise on Wednesday. “The father of the two children 1. broke into my house,Jose Gonzalez,was here and he 2. (apologise),” said the old hero Wood. Gonzalez stopped by as some volunteers began repairing Woods 3. (damage) home.He said he didnt know what had caused his ch
31、ildren 4. (break) into the house. “I was telling them:Would you want somebody to do that to your grandparents?” said Gonzalez.“Whether they knew it was an older gentlemans house or not,they were 5. (guilt) of what they had done.” The boys are accused of 6. (steal) several items from Woods home. “Onl
32、y when I went into that mans house did I see what they had done,” said Gonzalez.“7. wasnt right for them to have done that.” Gonzalez said he wanted his sons to be much 8. (good). “Well,it helps me understand hes doing something instead of just forgetting it,” said Wood. “He came in and made an apol
33、ogy to my dad 9. their behaviour,and I think it is 10. (admire),” said one of Woods sons.“I also think it was the right thing to do.” 答案与解析: 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Gonzalez为他两个孩 子的盗窃行为向93岁战争英雄道歉的故事。 1.who/that 考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知the two children 后面是一个定语从句,the two children是先行词,指人,在从句中作主 语。故填who/that。 2.apol
34、ogised 考查时态。分析句子可知,主语he后缺少谓语动 词,and前面的谓语动词是was,所以此空应是一般过去时。故填 apologised。 3.damaged 考查过去分词。分析句子可知,Woods (damage) home是一个名词短语,此处缺少一个定语;根据句意可 知,Wood的家已被破坏,可以用过去分词作定语,表被动和完成。故 填damaged。 4.to break 考查固定短语。cause sb to do sth“导致某人做某事,使 某人做某事”,是固定短语。故填to break。 5.guilty 考查固定短语。be guilty of.“对感到内疚”,是固定 短语。故
35、填guilty。 6.stealing 考查固定短语。be accused of doing sth“被指控做某事”, 是固定短语。故填stealing。 7.It 考查形式主语。分析句子可知,to have done that是本句的真 正主语,为避免句子头重脚轻,用It作形式主语,形成It is/was + adj.+ for sb to do sth结构。故填It。 8.better 考查比较级。句意:Gonzalez希望他两个儿子变得更好。 much修饰比较级,意为“更”。故填better。 9.for 考查固定短语。make an apology to sb for sth为某事向某人 道歉,是固定短语。故填for。 10.admirable 考查形容词。分析句子可知,it is (admire) 为主系表结构,此处用形容词作表语。故填admirable。
