1、Unit3 一、一、重点短语重点短语 mander n.指挥官;长官 under the command of sb=under ones command 由指挥,由控 制 at sbs command 听某人支配 be in command of 控制 take command of 控制 have a command of.了解/掌握 command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 command 后跟 that 从句时,从句的谓语动词使用“(should+)动词原形” 形式。 He commanded that we (should) start at once. 他命令我们立
2、刻动身。 2.make it 成功;赶上;做成或完成某事 forget it 算了;罢了;休想;不必在意 take it easy 从容;松懈;不紧张 cant help it 没办法,只好这样了,无能为力 believe it or not 信不信由你 as it is 事实上;像现在这样 Hes upstairs doing his homework,believe it or not. 他在楼上做作业,信不信由你。 3.get across 通过;使理解,表达清楚;被传达 get along/on with 与相处;进展 get in touch with 与取得联系 get over
3、克服(困难);从中恢复过来 get rid of 摆脱;除掉 get through 完成;接通电话;通过 get down to 记下;开始 get away with 干而不受惩罚 I couldnt have him getting away with telling lies. 我不能容忍他说谎而免受惩罚。 I wonder how to get in touch with Mr Wang. 我想知道怎样才能与王先生取得联系。 4.condemn v.迫使(陷于不幸的境地) condemn sb/sth for(doing) sth 因(做)某事谴责某人/某物 condemn sb t
4、o(do) sth 使某人注定(做)某事;迫使某人陷于不幸的境地; 判处某人 condemn sb to death=sentence sb to death 判处某人死刑 condemn as 把谴责为,宣告(某人)犯有罪 She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.她知 道社会会谴责她抛弃孩子。 【温馨提示】condemn sb to.既可以表示“使某人处于困境(或不愉快 的状况)”,又可以表示“判处某人”,其中 to 可作介词也可作不定式 符号。 5.put down 记下;放下;镇压 put forw
5、ard 提出(意见、建议、观点等);推荐;提前;把(时钟)往前拨 put off 推迟;推脱;搪塞 put away 存放;存储;把收起来 put out 熄灭;伸出;出版;打扰 put up 举起;张贴;建造;为提供住宿 put up with 容忍;忍受 Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today. 今日事今日毕。 The firefighters spent 3 hours putting out the big fire. 消防员用了 3 个小时扑灭了大火。 6.friction n.冲突;摩擦 cause/create fric
6、tion 引起摩擦 friction between.(and)在之间的摩擦 friction with 和摩擦 the friction over 关于的争执 7.keep to 遵守;履行 keep up with 跟上 keep back 隐瞒;保留;阻止 keep in mind 记住 keep away from 使不接近/靠近 keep off 避开;不接近 keep on(doing sth)继续(做某事) 8.rough adj.简单的;粗糙的 be rough on sb 对某人苛刻 give sb/have a rough time(使某人)受苦、受到严厉的对待等 John
7、 had a rough time after losing both his job and his wife during the same year. 约翰在同一年失去了工作和妻子,日子过得很艰难。 9.hold down 保住;阻止上涨;压制,控制 hold back 阻挡,抑制;踌躇,退缩;保守,隐瞒 hold off 使疏远,使不接近;拖延 hold on 坚持 hold onto 紧紧抓住 hold out 坚持;伸出;维持 hold up 支持,支撑;延迟;举起 10.sum n.金额;款项 sum up 总结,概括 in sum 简言之;总而言之 11.break throu
8、gh 冲突;突破 break up 打碎;分裂;解体;解散;(关系)破裂;结束;分手 break down 出故障;分解;瓦解;崩溃 break out 突然发生;爆发(不用于被动语态) break in 非法闯入;插嘴;打断 break into 破门而入;非法闯入;突然起来 break off 打断;折断;中断(说话) break away from 脱离;摆脱;挣脱;打破陈规 二、二、重点句型重点句型 重点句式 1.Code-named“Operation Overlord”,it was the largest combined sea,air and land operation i
9、n history,the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.代号为“霸王行动”,它是历史上最大的海陆空 联合行动,目的是使西北欧摆脱德国的占领。(p.26) 【句式剖析】本句中的 the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation 是独立主格结构,作伴随状语。 【句式拓展】 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常 用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 (1)n./代词+分词(-ing,-ed)形式 (
10、2)n.+不定式 (3)n.+介词短语 (4)n.+形容词 (5)n.+副词 2.Boats were hit and men drowned,while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.船只被撞,人溺水身亡,而那些真正 到达海滩的人则面临着猛烈的机器炮火。 (p.27) 【句式剖析】 本句中 while 是并列连词,连接并列句,表示转折和对比。 【句式拓展】 while 引导状语从句的用法 (1)引导时间状语从句,表示“当的时候” (2)引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管” 3.The purpos
11、e of doing this was to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort. 这样做的目的是破坏普 通人的士气,阻止他们支持战争。(p.30) 【句式剖析】本句中 to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort 是动词不定式短语作表语,解释前 面的 purpose 的内容。 4.It is no wonder that many,if n
12、ot most,of Chinas leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda,including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists,Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.难怪在联大涌现出了许多 中国顶尖的学者和科学家,包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者杨振宁和 李正道。(p.32) 【句式剖析】its no wonder that 的省略形式是 no wonder,表示“难 怪;怪不得”。 5.Driven by a sense of commitment,a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.在一种责任感 的驱使下,许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者,保卫国家的荣誉。(p.32) 【句式剖析】 本句中的 Driven by a sense of commitment 是过去分词作 原因状语。其中 drive 与句子的主语 a great many 构成逻辑上的动宾 关系。
