1、 【同步语法】新人教版：必修一 Unit4 语法：定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 一、理解概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系， 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语 从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰 的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不 可用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开， 起补充说明作用， 如果省去，意思仍然完整。 二、语法规则 (一)关系代词的用法 1
2、.that1.that 和和 whichwhich 的用法的用法 which 指物， that 既可指人也可指物； 它们在从句中作主语、 宾语或表语， which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 The dishes (that/which) I cooked were Moms favourite. 我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。 The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer. 我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过
3、去的那座城市了。 Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。 He is the very person that they are looking for. 他正是他们在找的人。 They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill up
4、on which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 2 2whowho 和和 whomwhom 的用法的用法 who 和 whom 指人，who 在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom 在从句中作宾语。 He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognising their own strengths. 快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人
5、。 3 3whosewhose 的用法的用法 whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose名词”可以转 化为“the名词of which/whom”和“of which/whomthe名词”的形式。 I live next door to a couple whose children(the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪声。 Please pass me the book whose cover ( the cover of which) is green. 请递给
6、我那本绿色封面的书。 4 4asas 的用法的用法 as 引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有 such，the same 等修饰时，as 既可 指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 She is such a nice girl as we all like. 她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed. 我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典) I met the same person as/that I saw yesterday. 我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人) (二)关系副词
7、的用法 (三)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 在 “介词关系代词” 引导的定语从句中， 关系代词只用 whom(指人)或 which(指 物)，不可用 that。 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的话题。 This is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。 (四)判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后
8、 面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断对错： ()This is the mountain village where I visited last year. ()I will never forget the days when I spent in the country
9、side. ()This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. ()Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题 错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确 选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例 1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? Awhere Bthat Con
10、which Dthe one 例 2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? Awhere Bthat Con which Dthe one 答案：例 1 D，例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用， 只有 the one 既作主句的表语，又作从句的宾语
11、，关系代词可以省略，所以应选 D。 在句 2 中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语，表地点，可用副词 where， 又因 in the museum 词组，可用“介词 inwhich”引导地点状语。而此题中， 介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分， 先行词在从句中作主语、 定语、 宾语时， 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时， 应选择关系副词 (where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。 即时检测即时检测 .单句语法填空 用正确的关系代词填空 1. The trees
12、_ stand by the river were planted by us. 2. She never gives in to those _ have money. 3. This is the best film _ has been shown so far in the city. 4. February is the only month _ has fewer than 30 days. 5. My son made notes of everything _ he read. 6. Yesterday I met the teacher _ once taught us ma
13、ths. 7. Will you show me the girl _ name is Wei Fang? 8. The tall girl _ is standing there is a friend of my elder sisters. 9. The foreigner _ visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 10. Please pass me the book _is lying on the table. 11. - Class, you should be thankful to those people _ helped
14、and supported you. - We will. Miss Chen. 12. -Is this the new dictionary_ you got yesterday? -Yes. Now its very convenient for me to look up words. 13.-Do you know the student _got an A in the English exam? -Of course. She is my deskmate, Li Hong. 14. I really like the family photo _ we took on my g
15、randpas 80th birthday. 15. My grandparents like stories _ endings are happy. 16. Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading a search to develop “sea rice”. 17. The teacher _I like best often encourages me to fight for my dream. 18. Jack likes being with the classmates _are outgoing and k
16、ind. 19. A kind of shared bike _is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu. 20. Tu Youyou is the woman _ used the plants special power to save millions of lives. 21. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. 22. It is the third time that she has won the race, _
17、has surprised us all. 23. Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned? 24. Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. 25. _ is reported, the number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 26. Yesterday Mr. Green went to h
18、is hometown and visited the old house in _ he was born. 27. The man, from_ I learned the news, is an engineer. 28. Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? Sure. It s a great TV program _ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public. 29. Children _ diet is high in fat w
19、ill gain weight quickly. 30. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. .单句改错 1She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons which none of us has ever heard of. 2Tibet is such a place that all the people all over the wor
20、ld are dreaming of visiting. 3The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written. 4The student in that all of the teachers took great pride was admitted into Beijing University last year. 5We will always remember the days when we spent together. 参考答案参考答案 .单句语法填空 1. that/which 2. who 3. tha
21、t 4. that 5. that 6. who/that 7. whose 8. who/that 9. who /that 10. which/that 11. Who 12. that/which 13. who/that 14. that/which 15. whose 16. who/that 17. who/whom/that 18. who/that 19. that/which 20. who/that 21. whose 22. which 23. that 24. which 25. As 26. which 27. whom 28. whose 29. whose 30. which .单句改错 1.whichthat 2. thatas 3. 去掉 borrowed 后的 it 4. thatwhom 5. whenthat
