1、Section Reading and Thinking Unit 5 .核心词汇 1_ n. 戏；剧；戏剧艺术 2_ n. 形象的描述；意象；像 3_ adj. 文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征 的 4_ adj. 民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 5_ n. 钻石；金刚石；菱形 drama imagery literary folk diamond 6_ n. 蜜蜂 7_ n. 黎明；开端；萌芽 8_ n. 蝴蝶 9_ n. 草坪，草地 10_ n. 业余爱好者adj. 业余的；业余爱好的 11_ n. 情绪；心情；语气 12_ vi. he was _ (tease) The boys go
2、t a rise out of Joe by _ (tease) him. I felt annoyed at _ (tease) teased teasing teasing being teased 联想拓展： laugh at嘲笑 play jokes/a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑 play tricks/a trick on sb.捉弄某人 7.transform vt.使转化；使改观；使变形 (1)transform sb./sth. (from.) into. 把某人/某物(从)改 变成 (2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改革 (3)transform
3、er n. 变压器 She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。 Thanks to the science and technology, the area was finally transformed from a desert into an oasis. 多亏了科技，这个地区终于从沙漠变成了绿洲。 It is a great invention that a steam- engine transforms heat into
4、 power. 把热能转化成动能的蒸汽机是一个伟大的发明。 Hard work can transform failure into success. 努力可以把失败转化为成功。 即学即练 单句语法填空 Ten years later, Lily was transformed _ a common- looking girl _ a pretty young lady. It is high time that the old educational systems _ (transform) After experiencing so many things, my friend has
5、already _ (transform) from a person afraid of anything into a person with great determination. from into was transformed/should be transformed been transformed 特别提示： 前缀trans- 有两种含义。一种表示“进入(另一地方)，成为 (另一状态)”，如：transfer (转移，搬迁)；transport (运输，运 送)；transform (使改观); translate (翻译); transplant (移植)。另一 种表示“
6、横穿，通过，超越”，如：transnational (跨国的)； transcontinental (横贯大陆的)；transatlantic (横渡大西洋的) 第二版块第二版块|重点句型剖析重点句型剖析 1(教材P50)The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能讲不通，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容 易学，也容易背诵。 “主语beadj. (for sb.)不定式”句型 (1)用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。 常见
7、的此类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, heavy等。 (2)构成不定式的动词和句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关 系，但不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。若构成不定式的 动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。 (3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。 Good novels are interesting to read. 好的小说读起来有意思。 The chair is comfortable to sit o
8、n. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。(on不能省略) This question is hard for me to answer. 这个问题对我来说难以回答。 归纳拓展 1make sense讲得通；有意义；合乎情理 2make sense of弄懂的意思 如：This sentence just doesnt make sense， no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。 Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。 即学即
9、练 单句语法填空 The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard _ (find) Credibility is hard _ (earn) but easy _ (lose), and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out. It was only after he had read the papers that Mr G
10、ross realized that the task was extremely difficult _ (finish) to find to earn to lose to finish 2(教材P51)With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of you own.有这么多不同的诗歌类型可供选择，你最终也许想要写自 己的诗了。 本句中“with名词动词不定式”复合结构做原因状 语，在此结构中，不定式“to choose from”做宾补。 w
11、ith宾语现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词 短语 with复合结构在句中通常做状语，表示伴随、方式、原因 或条件等。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen.她的自行车被偷 了，她只好走回家。(过去分词作宾语补足语表被动和完成) With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the manager felt worried all the time.由于有很多困难的问题要解决，经理一直忧 心忡忡。(不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的动作) The old couple often take a w
12、alk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这对老夫妇晚饭后经常带着他 们的宠物狗在公园里散步。(现在分词作宾语补足语表主动和进 行) With his bike being repaired, Tom had to go to school on foot.由于自行车正在被修理，汤姆只好步行去上学。(现在分词 的被动式作宾语补足语表示被动和进行) He used to sleep with all the windows open. 他过去常常开着窗户睡觉。 Her mother sat in an armch
13、air with her head down. 她母亲坐在椅子上，头低着。 He sat near the fire with his back to the door. 他坐在炉子旁，背朝着房门。 名师点津 with的复合结构作状语可以转化为独立主格结构。 如：The boy had to walk home with no bus to ride on. No bus to ride on， the boy had to walk home. 即学即练 单句语法填空 Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _ (rec
14、ognize) its role in International affairs. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers _ (leave) More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many _ (seek) employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide
15、variety of other professions. _ the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. recognizing left seeking With .单词拼写 1Life includes happiness and _ (悲伤), failure and success. 2A boy was standing beside the window, _ (背诵) a long text. 3At _ (黎明), they came back from work, tired b
16、ut happy. 4When my father is in a good _ (心情), I will tell him my plan. 5Although the coral looks hard, it is very _ (脆弱 的) sorrow reciting dawn mood delicate 6He was so angry that he said that it was _ (完全的) nonsense. 7The boy was so naughty that he often _ (取笑) the disabled. 8What interests me mos
17、t is _ (文学的) books, especially those by famous writers. 9To attract more people to the competition, the tournament is open to _ (业余爱好者) as well as professionals. 10They are each recognized specialists in their _ (各 自的) fields. utter teased literary amateurs respective .单句语法填空 1It is well known to ev
18、eryone that water may transform a desert _ an oasis (绿洲) 2Some nursery rhymes are easy _ (recite) and they are popular with children. 3With so many types of bicycles _ (choose) from, I was really at a loss as to which one to buy. 4Its very important to have such a friend who will cheer you up when y
19、oure _ a bad mood. 5Thank you for your advice, which is practical and very much _ the point. into to recite to choose in to 6There is no sense _ (get) upset about it now. 7Girls make _ 56% of the whole class. 8I well remembered _ (tease) about my red hair when I was at primary school. 9_ (arrange) f
20、or the trip have now been completed. getting up being teased Arrangements .课文语法填空 The reasons why people write poetry are different and poets use many different forms of poetry to express 1._ (them) Some of the first poems 2._ young child learns in English are nursery rhymes, which are usually the 3
21、._ (tradition) poems or folk songs. They have a strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. Despite the fact that some of them may not make sense 4._ even seem contradictory, they are easy to learn and recite. Some simple poems are list poems. They have a flexible line length and repeated 5._ (phrase) wh
22、ich give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. themselves a traditional and phrases Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, 6._ is made up of five lines. This kind of poem can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists 7._ 17 syllables and 8
23、._ (be) very popular with English writers. It is easy to write. English speakers like Tang poetry in particular. A lot of Tang poetry 9._ (translate) into English already. With so many different forms of poetry 10._ (choose) from, why not have a try and write poems of your own? which of is has been
24、translated to choose Section Learning About Language .核心词汇及拓展 1_ n. (pl. _)架子；搁板 2_ n核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿 3_ n诗；韵文；诗节 4_ n散文 5_ n版本；(从不同角度的)说法 6_ n时代；年代；纪元 7_ n种子；起源；萌芽 8_ adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的 shelf shelves core verse prose version era seed dominant 9_ n十四行诗 10_ n平民；老百姓 _ adj.平民的；公民的 11_ n天真；单纯；无罪 _ adj.天真无邪
25、的；无辜的；无恶意的 12_ n来往信件；通信联系 _ vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 13_ v (过去式_；过去分词_)播种；种 sonnet civilian civil innocence innocent correspondence correspond sow sowed sowed/sown 14_ n樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色 adj.樱桃色的； 鲜红色的 15_ adj.空白的；无图画的；没表情的 n空 白；空格 16_ n同情；赞同_ adj.同情的，有同 情心的；赞同的 cherry blank sympathy sympathetic .核心词汇讲解 1blank adj
26、.无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；空白的；没表情 的；n.C(文件等的)空白处，空格；sing(记忆中的)空白；遗 忘 Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。 Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side blank. 写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。 She stared at me with a blank expression on her face. 她木然地盯着我。 If you cant answer the question, leave a blank. 你如果回答不了这个问
27、题，就空着它。 My mind was a blank and I couldnt remember her name. 我的脑子里一片空白，记不起她的名字了。 即学即练 判断下列句子中blank的词性及含义 Jim was watching a late- night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling (惊险的) scene, the television went blank._ The professor could tell by the blank look in Marias eyes that she di
28、dnt understand a single word of his lecture._ Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence._ adj.无图画的 adj.没表情的 n.空白处 2sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的；招人喜 爱的 (1)feel sympathetic to/towards sb. 对某人感到同情 (2)sympathy n. 同情；赞同 have/feel sympathy for sb. 对某人怀着/感到同情 in sympathy with. 对表示支持 (3)sympathetic
29、ally adv. 同情地；怜悯地 Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得，机器人竟然会对她表示同情，这有点荒唐可 笑。 I wish hed show me a little more sympathy. 我多希望他能再体谅我一点。 It is really a sad situation, and I feel sympathy for the people involved.这一情况真令人难过，我对身陷其中的人们深 表同情。 The seamen went on strike in
30、 sympathy with the dockers. 海员举行罢工，以表示对码头工人的支持。 He is looking at her sympathetically.他同情地望着她。 即学即练 翻译句子 He took a sympathetic attitude towards my situation. _ The flood victims have received both sympathy and assistance from the international community during the flood season. _ 他对我的境遇表示同情。 在洪灾期间，灾民
31、收到了来自国际社会的同情和帮助。 Quite a number of people are out of sympathy with him on that point. _ We are in sympathy with his plan and arrangement. _ 在那一点上，许多人不赞同他的看法。 我们支持他的计划和安排。 3correspondence n来往信件；通信联系 (1)corresponding adj. 相应的；相关的 (2)correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信 correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致/符合 corres
32、pond to sth. 类似于/相当于某物 correspond with sb. 和某人通信 personal/private correspondence私人来往信件 the correspondence column/page读者来信专栏 I think you can do it via correspondence. 我认为你可以通过通信来实现。 Any correspondence or information might help us. 任何来往信件或信息都可能帮助我们。 The two sisters correspond every week. 这两姐妹每周都通信。 Th
33、ese goods dont correspond with/to the list of those I ordered. 这些货物与我的订货单不相符。 The gills of a fish correspond to our lungs. 鱼的鳃相当于我们的肺。 即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子 Do you still correspond _ your penfriend? The Congress (国会) in the US corresponds _ the Parliament (议会) in the UK. Let your actions correspond _ you
34、r words. with to with/to We have been in correspondence for years. _ Your account of the events does not correspond with his. _ The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. _ 我们保持通信联系多年了。 你对事情的陈述与他说的不相符。 英国的讲师职位大致相当于美国的副教授。 Discover useful structures Grammar定语从句定语从句
35、 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 2Rose is the person whom you should look after. 3Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 4Winter is the time of year when the day is short while the night is long. 5This is the reason why he left in a hurry. 6Whats that which he aske
36、d for? 7He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong. 8China is a country which has a long history. 共性呈现 1所有画线部分均为定语从句。 2句1、2、3、6、8的定语从句由关系代词引导，句4、 5、7的定语从句由关系副词引导。 3句1、8中的引导词在定语从句中作主语；句2、6中的引 导词在定语从句中作宾语；句3中的引导词在定语从句中作定 语；句4、5、7中的引导词在定语从句中作状语。 语法精释 定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词等引
37、导的从句，其作用 是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词。定语从 句的三要素：先行词、关系词、关系词在从句中作的成分。 1定语从句的分类 (1)限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限定的作用，如果把它去掉，主句不能 表达明确的含义，先行词与关系词之间不用逗号隔开。 People who take physical exercise usually live longer.进行体 育锻炼的人通常更长寿。(若把从句去掉，主句就失去了意义) (2)非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，如果把它去掉，主句的 意义完整不受影响，常用逗号与先行词隔开。 His daughter, who i
38、s in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他的女儿现在在波士顿，下个星期回来。(若把从句去掉，主句 意义仍然完整) 即学即练1 在空白处填入1个适当的关系词 The teachers are discussing the plan _ they would like to see carried out next year. The Chinese restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. There is a big chan
39、ge from the late 1970s in China, _ people began leaving China for study and work. Helen managed to go to university by borrowing money from the bank, _ turned out to be a wise decision. that/which which when which 2关系代词引导定语从句 定语从句中，关系代词有that，which，who，whom， whose，as。 (1)指人：who，whom This is the stran
40、ger who helped us today. 这就是那位今天帮助过我们的陌生人。 Lily is the person with whom I am working. 莉莉是同我一起工作的人。 (2)指物：which It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。 Julie is good at German, French and Russian, all of which she speaks fluently.朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这些语言她都 说得很流利。 注意常用which的情况 关系代词前有介词时；
41、先行词本身是that，those时； 引导非限制性定语从句时。 (3)既可指人，又可指物：that，whose，as We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 我们谈论了我们记得的人和事。 The boy whose father works abroad is my roommate.爸爸在 国外工作的那个男孩是我室友。 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.他是这样一 个受我们所有人尊敬的人。 注意 (1)as引导定语从句常被译为“正如”，也可以放在固定搭
42、配中：such.as.意为“像一样的”，as/so.as.意为 “像一样”。 (2) the same as与the same that的区别：as指同类事物；that 指同一事物。 She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.她身 上穿的大衣和我几天前丢的一样。(同一类) She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.她正 穿着我几天前所丢失的那件大衣。(同一件) (3)常用that的情况 先行词是anything，everything，every，nothing
43、，any， something，few，no，all，much，none，little，some等不定代 词或被不定代词修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are about this matter. 我已经阅读了所有与这件事有关的书。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？ 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长
44、城。 This is the best food that I have eaten. 这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。 当先行词被the very，the only，the same等修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的那种字典。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 他的房子失火后，这辆旧车是他拥有的唯一一样东西了。 当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词修饰时，为了避 免重复用that。 Who i
45、s the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learnt？你记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？ (4)“介词关系代词”结构 “介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。 先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代 词用whom。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将 来，我们可能会重新利用它。 In her class there are 46 students, from whom I can learn a lot. 她的班上有46名学生，我可以从他们那里学很多东西。 即学即练2 用适当的关系代词填空/改正下面句子中的错 误 My eldest son, _ work takes him al
