1、The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,-2-,现在完成时的构成（have/has done）和用法 现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一个是过去,一个是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响或结果。 与现在完成时连用的时间状语already,yet,ever,never,for,since,these days,twice,three times,so far,in the past/last years 等。,考点 现在完成时的构成和用法,句式结构： 肯定句式:主语+助动词 have (has)+过去分词 否定句式:主语+助动词 have (has)+not+过去分词
2、 一般疑问句式:助动词 Have (Has)+主语+过去分词 一般疑问句式的回答： （肯定）Yes， 主语+have/has. (否定) No，主语+havent/hasnt. .,规则动词的过去分词的变化规律 1 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played want-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied cop
3、y-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop -stopped,动词过去分词记忆口诀： 一加ed，二加d 三要双写，四注意：y变成ied. 1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered 2.hope-hoped 3.drop-dropped stop-stopped 4.study-studied,过去分词的构成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped
4、,repaired,A 规则动词的过去分词,Task 1,B 不规则动词的过去分词,thought,caught,given,made,written,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,Eg.（改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day .,Have you seen him since his wedding day? Yes, I have. / No, I havent.,Task 2,He has written to m
5、e since I have been ill.(改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答), Has he written to you since you have been ill? Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt., He hasnt written to me since I have been ill.,-9-,现在完成时的用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等. Zhang Fang has just turned of
6、f the light. 张芳刚刚把灯关上。(说明灯现在关上了) I have already cleaned the room. 我已经打扫了房间。(说明现在房间已经干净了) I havent had breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭。（说明我可能现在要去吃个早饭或者我很饿）,考点 现在完成时的用法,现在完成时的用法 (2)表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在,并且有可能继续下去,往往与for或since引导表示一段时间的状语连用。 My father has worked in this factory for many years. 我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。 I have
7、 been here since 2000. 我从2000年开始就在这里了。 (3)表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。 Ive been to the Great Wall many times. 我去过长城好多次了。,1.already 肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “已经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already? 你难道已经吃过早饭了吗？,考点 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,2
8、. yet,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,一般疑问句: 句末 “已经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. 我还没吃早饭。 Have you had breakfast yet? 你已经吃过早饭了吗？,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,already&yet,用 already或 yet填空 1
9、) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, they havent _ . 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _. 3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.,yet,yet,already,yet,3. ever,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. Ive neve
10、r been to Beijing.,带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,never&ever,用 ever或 never填空 -Have you_ ridden a horse? -No，_ .,never,ever,5. just,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. Ive just
11、 had breakfast. What have they just done?,6. before,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,7.for,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,在句中与一段时间连用,8.since +,从句(一般过去时),词组（一段时间+ago）,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been her
12、e since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,=for +一段时间,for 5 years,对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,since&for,用 since或 for填空 1) We have l
13、earned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs. Liao has been in hospital _last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.,since,since,for,短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,be,be
14、 over,be back,be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,be away (from),wear/ be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at
15、 the station half an hour ago.,翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了 -,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,C,Task 3,He _the League since two years ago . Joined B. has joined C. has been in,have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法区别,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once 、twice、eve
16、r、never 等时间连用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态 巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。,用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gon
17、e to填空 - Where is your brother? - He _ the shop. Hell be back soon. 2. - _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ New York twice. 3. We _ this class since last week. 4. - How long _ you _ China? - Two years. 5. - David _ Australia. - Im sure hes already arrived.,has gone to,Have,been to,have been to,have be
18、en in,have,been in,has gone to,Task 4,It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army. 自从我参军已经五年了。,考点 现在完成时中的固定句型,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I
19、 came here,It_ (be) ten years since I_(finish) middle school.,is,Task 5,翻译句子,完成句子,finished,-27-,一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,考点 一般过去时态与现在完成时区别,一般过去时标志：yesterday, once, a few days ago, just now, , last night and so on. 现在完成时标志：recently, already , yet, just, ever, so far, before ，for +时间段，since+过去时间点and so on.,He h
20、as lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）,考点 一般过去时态与现在完成时区别,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。 2.他去北京两天了。,He went to Beijing yesterday. （现在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days. （说明他现在仍然在北京。）,Task 6,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in
