1、How to deal with the complicated sentences Barriers to understandi ng a text too many new words Lack of some backgrounds Lack of the ability to analyze a long sentence Bad habits, 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多 长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰主干和修饰成分。成分。主干主干是整个句是整个句 子的
2、骨架，主要指子的骨架，主要指主谓宾主谓宾结构或结构或主系表主系表结构结构。而修饰成分在句中只起。而修饰成分在句中只起 修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的 则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。 我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主 干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 How much do you know about the long and complicated sente
3、nce? Warming-up: translation Types & ways PracticeApplication The reason why the Beatles lives up to the reputation as the milestone in pop music lies in the fact that they are capable of adding their emotions and feelings for political affairs to their songs. 甲壳虫乐队不负声名，是流行乐坛的里程碑，其原因在于 他们能将自己对于政治事件的
4、看法和情感融入他们的歌曲。 At last, the leader drew the conclusion that he preferred to run a risk of developing new products rather than go on producing the products that cant meet the demands of the new market. 最后，领导得出理论：他宁可冒险开发新产品也不愿意继 续生产这些无法满足市场需要的产品。 Child as he is, he has known that the more exposed he is
5、 to financial issues, and the younger he becomes aware of them, the more likely he is to become a responsible, forward-planning adult who can manage his finances confidently and effectively. 尽管他还是个孩子，却已经知道越早接触到财务问题，越 早意识到它们的存在，他就越有可能成为一个有责任心、 有前瞻性的成年人，能自信有效地处理财务问题。 Despite the fact that many fans ha
6、ve waited outside the gate of the booking office, many of them will still be told that the tickets are available only to the first 100 people free of charge. 尽管许多粉丝在售票厅前等了很久，但他们中的绝大部分 仍将被告知只有前100人能免费拿到门票。 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short- term tea
7、chers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . 介词短语介词短语 时间状语时间状语 介词短语介词短语 同位语同位语 过去分词做定语过去分词做定语 定语定语 长难句之分门别类篇长难句之分门别类篇 1.带有较多成分带有较多成分 的简单句的简单句 不定式做状语不定式做状语 Schools are expected to hire college graduates 去枝叶去枝叶, 留主干。留主干。 School are expected to hire coll
8、ege graduates. 句子主干句子主干： 2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句 找从属连词找从属连词, 分析从句分析从句, 理解句意。理解句意。 Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared
9、one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉 对方她的离婚了；而听见一个男人说直到他对方她的离婚了；而听见一个男人说直到他 的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他 才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。 3.并列和主从复合句并存并列和主从复合句并存 I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths p
10、opulation grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives. 在在possibility后由后由that引导的引导的_从从 句中还含有一并列结构的句中还含有一并列结构的_. 同位语从句同位语从句 我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上 人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资 源，我们的孩子
11、可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。 时间状语从句时间状语从句 / _ _ _ _ The old worker insisted that he wasnt old and that he be sent back to the working post again. 在insist 后面引导了两个并列的_从句,第一个 _ 从句中使用的是_语气，第二个_从句中使用的 是_语气 宾语宾语 真实真实 虚拟虚拟 _ _ 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句 I
12、f you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam, the Conqueror. 如果你让人们说出一个曾经对英语产生过巨大影响如
13、果你让人们说出一个曾经对英语产生过巨大影响 的人，他们准会说像莎士比亚、塞缪尔约翰逊的人，他们准会说像莎士比亚、塞缪尔约翰逊 、韦伯斯、韦伯斯 特等诸如此类的人。特等诸如此类的人。 但论其影响他们当中无人能抵得上但论其影响他们当中无人能抵得上 一个甚至不会说英语的人一个甚至不会说英语的人征服者威廉。征服者威廉。 4.含有插入语的句子含有插入语的句子 这种句子的特点是在正常的这种句子的特点是在正常的 句子中句子中插入一些或长或短的插入一些或长或短的 成分或句子成分或句子，比如，比如同位语（从句）、同位语（从句）、 非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入
14、语等等， 打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解 上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有逗号或破逗号或破 折号折号分开。分开。 忽略插入成分忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题直奔句子主题. The lack of right male role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment means that their peers are the only people they have to ju
15、dge themselves against. 在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校， 缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的 同龄人同龄人来评判自己来评判自己。 Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social in
16、stitutions. 随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受， 在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现 代社会制度之中代社会制度之中。 5. 成分省略成分省略 The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will. 把握大意把握大意, 找出上文对应
17、找出上文对应 信息信息, 补充省补充省 略成分略成分 .pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. 6. 倒装句倒装句 确定主语确定主语, 调整语序调整语序, 把握大意把握大意. Before 1066, peoples belonging to two major language groups lived in t
18、he land we now call Great Britain . 1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上， 住着属于两个主要语种的民族。住着属于两个主要语种的民族。 1.Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈项圈) of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather th
19、an shoot them. 2.I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious “dark force” in cosmology(宇宙学宇宙学) past editors at New Yorker. 小小试试牛刀牛刀 _ _ _ _ Sum up: 长长难句之难句之 方法总结篇方法总结篇 1. 1. 带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成
20、分的简单句-去枝叶，留主干。去枝叶，留主干。 2.2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句 -找从属连词找从属连词, ,分析从句分析从句, , 理解句意。理解句意。 3.3.含有插入成分的句子含有插入成分的句子 -忽略插入成分忽略插入成分, , 直奔句子主题。直奔句子主题。 4. 4. 倒装句倒装句-确定主语确定主语, , 调整语序调整语序, , 把握大意。把握大意。 5. 5. 成分省略成分省略 -把握大意把握大意, , 找出对应信息找出对应信息, , 补充省略成分补充省略成分。 1. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the
21、development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018年全
22、国年全国卷卷C篇篇) PracticeApplication 2. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. (2017年全国年全国卷卷) (定) (定) Practice
23、Application PracticeApplication 3. The movement, which is believed to have started in Prince Georges school in South London, isnt intended to discourage close friendships, but rather encourage a wider friend group, Greenberg says. (2019年茂名一模年茂名一模B篇篇) Why do schools ban the term “best friends”? A. To
24、 make students concentrate on their studies. B. To encourage students to make more friends. C. To prevent students from falling in love at a young age. D. To discourage students from having a close relationship. (定) 4. Filled with air, they will float on the oceans surface, and have screens hanging
25、down below forming a huge floating container to catch the plastic rubbish that gathers together when moved by the currents(水流). (2019年分科综合模拟测试六 C篇) What is used to take in the plastic rubbish? A.The long tube B. The screens C. The floating currents D. The tiny container 5. Back in 1983, as two scien
26、tists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国卷D篇) What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noise. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals. (定) (状) (定
27、) (定) (状) (定) 6. Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. (2016年全国年全国卷阅读卷阅读B篇篇) What can we learn about t
28、he characters in Weltys fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers. 7. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (our kindergarten daughter is s
29、erious about becoming a doctor). (2018年全国年全国卷卷D篇篇) What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A. Saving up for her holiday. B. Raising money for a poor girl. C. Adding the money to her fund. D. Giving the money to a sick mother. (同位) (定) (状) 8. In an effort to prevent language loss, schola
30、rs from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国卷卷D篇) Many scholars are making efforts to _ A. promote global languages. B. rescue the disappearing languages. C. search for lan
31、guages communities. D. set up languages research organizations. (状) (定) 9. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Flori
32、da. (2015年全 国I卷 C篇 ) What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Projects C. Donations. D. Documents. (定) (状) Activity 4. Consolidation Today, the use of solar panels and energy storage in homes is a much discussed subject. As countries push for renewables and
33、new technologies such as solar panels or electric cars become ever more accessible, it seems as if the house of the future is set to be selfsufficient, independent from the grid(电网), feeding its inhabitants needs with green energy from the sun. Researchers have been focusing on the problems of home
34、energy selfsufficiency for a long time and have come up with interesting results. The conclusion is that energy selfsufficiency in homes with solar panels and batteries may come with an expensive price tag and that there may be better solutions out there to go green. The problem starts with the bad
35、timing of solar energy and energy consumption: while the sun shines at its maximum around midday, most homes consume the most in the morning and in the evening. Add to the fact that in many countries most of the solar energy is available in the summer months and youre set for dark times. No matter h
36、ow many solar panels are added up, the maximum attainable self sufficiency will be around 40%. To go beyond 40% selfsufficiency, energy storage seems the natural answer. Trying to reach a selfsufficiency of 60% can easily cost twice as much as using the grid. The lack of a longterm energy policy kee
37、ps homeowners and installers cautious, afraid to invest and bear all the risks. The researchers also took a look at the impact on the power grid of solar panels and home energy storage and the results seem depressing. Power plants will need to be able to answer to quicker variations in demand. All t
38、his will impact power grid prices, a field where research is still lacking. Fortunately, all is not lost. The paper points out that a hybrid approach must be taken for a sustainable energy use. Using several energy sources helps to balance out each ones disadvantages. Consumption can also be adapted
39、 through intelligent appliances that can adjust to the conditions available, as can the energy storage system work in a more intelligent way. Recent energy storage technologies, such as li ion batteries, continue to enjoy strong price reductions while the share of electric vehicles continues to incr
40、ease. The field is evolving fast and research continues but, in the meanwhile, there is no magic bullet, the best option is to keep some solar panels and continue to play along with the grid. Activity 4. Consolidation As countries push for renewables and new technologies such as solar panels or elec
41、tric cars become ever more accessible, it seems as if the house of the future is set to be selfsufficient, independent from the grid(电网电网), feeding its inhabitants needs with green energy from the sun. 释义释义随着国家推动可再生能源和新技术，如太阳能电池板或电动汽车变得越来越容易，随着国家推动可再生能源和新技术，如太阳能电池板或电动汽车变得越来越容易， 似乎未来的房子将是自给自足的，独立于电网，以来自太阳的绿色能源满足房屋居民的似乎未来的房子将是自给自足的，独立于电网，以来自太阳的绿色能源满足房屋居民的 要求要求 1.D 2.D 3.A
