1、专题十三 复合句 宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序 复合句 状语从句的引导词、时态 定语从句的引导词 第一讲 宾语从句第一讲 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中 that可以省略。 如：We believe (that) he is honest. 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导 词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用 ，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时， 只能用whether。 如：如：I dont know if/whether she will come here. Sorry，I dont know whether
2、 he will come or not. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑 问词。 如：如：Could you tell me where the post office is？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing. 二、宾语从句的时态 主句的时态为一般现在时，从句可根据实际需 要用各种时态。 如：如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work. 主句的时态为一般过去时，从句必须用过去的 某种时态。 如：如：She said she missed us very m
3、uch. 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象 时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。 如：如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth. 三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主 语谓语其他”。 如：如：I want to know when the train left. 注意：注意：以下特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序： Whats wrong with？ Which is the way to？ What happened to you？ Whats the matter/trouble？ Who studies the ha
4、rdest in your class? do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词 即引导词要前置。 如：如：Who do you think he is talking with？ 你认为他正在和谁交谈？ 四、宾语从句的否定前移 当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect ，imagine，suppose等，且主语为I或we时， 如果从句的谓语动词谓语动词 表示否定意义义，则则把否定 词转词转 移到主句中，即“否定前移”。 如：如：I dont suppose he will come. 【注意注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前 移。如：如： She th
5、inks she cant arrive there on time. 五、宾语从句的转化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语 动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化 为不定式结构。 如：如：I hope that I can see you again. I hope to see you again. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语 动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时 ，从句可转化为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：如：I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say. 1)Af
6、ter taking part in this volunteering activity of protecting environment, students are asked to write something about _ A. what did they get B. what they got C. what will they get D. what they will get B 2)Could you tell me _ I can get some stamps? Of course. You can go straight the street and turn l
7、eft at the first crossing. A. which B. what C. where D. when C 3)Excuse me. Could you tell me _ about the local diet habit? Of course. You can check it on the computer with this website. A. how can I get the information B. what information did I get C. where I can get the information D. that I got t
8、he information C 4) Could you say it again？I cant understand _ you are talking about. Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich C 5) Could you tell me _ he came here? He drove here himself. Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhether A 6) The official said that they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year. Amakes Bwould make
9、Cmade Dhave made B 7) Mom，summer holiday is coming.I wonder _. How about the Great Wall？(2015，朝阳) Ahow we can go Bhow can we go Cwhere we can go Dwhere can we go C 8) Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you. Thanks.I wonder _. Awho the letter was from Bwho was from the letter Cwho was the letter from Dwho
10、 from the letter was A 9) Could you please tell me _？ Yes，sure.(2015，鞍山二模) Aif there is a bookshop near here Bwhere can I buy a stamp Cwhen will the next bus arrive Dyou like to eat what A 第二讲 定语从句第二讲 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从 句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句 通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who， whom，that，which，whose或关系副词 when，
11、where，why等引出。 一、定语从句的关系词 who，whom，that代替指人的先行词，在从 句中可作主语、宾语等。 如：如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you ？ He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday. which，that代替指事物的先行词，在从句中 可作主语、宾语等。 如：如：Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle. The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue. whose用来指
12、人或物，在从句中只用作定语如如 ：Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作 状语。 如：如：Ill never forget the days when we worked together. This is the city where my father worked ten years ago. 二、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 当先行词被序数词修饰时。 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, none, someth
13、ing, anything, little, much等不定代词 时(something后也可用which)。 当先行词前面被the only, the very, the last, the same, no, all, much, little等词修饰时。 当先行词既指人又指物时。 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句或先 行词是who时。 三、关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况 当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人 时。 当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人 时。 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口 语中用who或wh
14、om引导均可，但如直接位于介 词后作宾语时，只能用whom。 如：如：The guest (who/whom) Ill introduce to you is a little girl. I met a few friends, among whom was my old classmate. 【注意注意】 定语从句中只能用which的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句时。 当关系代词之前有介词时。 1)What are you looking for? Im looking for the ring _ my husband bought me last year. A. that B. who
15、 C. whom D. it A 2)I want to read all the books _ were written by Mo Yan. A. that B. who C. what D. / A 3)The TV play Come Sing With Me (我想 和你唱) is popular recently. Yes. Its the only program _ I watched this month. A. who B. that C. where D. when B 4)Which is your Chinese teacher, Judy? The women _
16、 dress is red and white. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose D 5)Do you know the kid _ is talking with Bob over there? Yes，its my cousin.(2015，朝阳) Awhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat B 6) Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.(2015，朝 阳预测) Awhom Bwhose Cwho Dwhich D 7) This is the primary
17、 school _ I studied three years ago.(2015，鞍山预测) Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich D 8) The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited. (2015，锦州二模) Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat A 9) Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom C 10) Success will belong to those _ never say
18、“impossible” Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich C 第三讲 状语从句第三讲 状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰句中的动词、 形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从 属连词在从句中不充当成分。 一、时间状语从句 1、引导词：before, after, when, while, since, as soon as, until/ till等。 2、时态问题：在时间状语从句中，若主句是一 般将来时、祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，从句 用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。 3、引导词的使用 （1）在when引导时间状语从句中，谓语动词 既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词
19、；在 while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词一般是 延续性的，从句与主句动作同时发生。 （2）since意为“自从”，主句常用现在完 成时，从句常用一般过去时；since还可用于“I is/ has been +时间段+since从句”结构中。 二、条件状语从句 1、引导词：if, unless, as/so long as等。 2、时态问题：在条件状语从句中，主句与从句 也遵循“主将从现”的原则。 如：Ill go to the mall with you if I have time tomorrow. 3、条件状语从句有时可以和“祈使句+and /or + 简单句”结构进行转换。如： If you tell me the truth, Ill help you. =Tell me the truth, or I wont help you. 三、原因状语从句 Because 用来回答why原因状语从句；as和 since表示的原因较弱，常位于句首；for强调的 原因只是一种附加说明，常位于句末。 He didnt go
