1、2021 届新高考英语二轮复习届新高考英语二轮复习 概要写作步步高概要写作步步高 （15） 1.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safelyby looking both ways for cars.But do they also teach them to put away their cellphones? According to statistics from years of studies,they almost never say
2、so.In view of this,the city of Honolulu,Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson. Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city.Beginning on October 24,you can be fined from$15 to$99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone.Honolulu is the first major U.S.
3、city to ban what is called“distracted walking”.It recently passed a law,which says no pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device. The law includes all electronic devices with screens,from cellphones,tablets,gaming devices,digital cameras to laptop computers.H
4、owever,the law does permit an exception:pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers,such as firefighters and police officers. Pedestrian deaths have been increasing as the use of cellphones rises in the past few years.The Governors Highway Safety Asso
5、ciation,or GHSA,says pedestrian deaths in the United States increased 25 percent between 2010 and 2015.That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6,000,11% higher than in 2015. Other U.S.cities may follow Honolulu.The state of Washington was the first to outla
6、w distracted driving back in 2007.Now,46 other states as well as Washington D.C.,Puerto Rico,Guam and the U.S.Virgin Islands,have laws against texting while driving. 2.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look
7、and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to vis
8、it college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. Theres no excus
9、e not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited the campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits arent going to happen before y
10、ou apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache, if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you a
11、ctually visit. Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顾问), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at colleg
12、eweeklive. com. While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend. _ _ _ _ _ 3.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词
13、左右的内容概要。 The Real Kindness and Generosity This was an unforgettable and wonderful experience. It happened about three years ago and it has had a strong effect on me. I would like to show respect here for the man I do not know personally but whose actions gave a new meaning to the words kind and gene
14、rous. I was walking down a busy street on a cold, windy day in early winter. A homeless man, probably about 60 and without wearing any shoes, was begging for change on a street corner. A BMW car pulled up on the other side of the street and an executive (主管) who was perfectly dressed stepped out of
15、the car. He was probably about 60 years old. He was wearing a blue business suit with a deep red silk tie. He walked directly across the street and over to the homeless man. Without saying anything, he first gave him a lot of money and then he sat down and took off his leather gloves, beautiful blac
16、k leather shoes and black dress socks. Then he handed them to the homeless man. The homeless man took them and stared at him with an open mouth. As he drove off, I couldnt help thinking that it was probably the first time he had pressed the pedal (踏板) of that top-brand BMW car with a bare foot! I st
17、ood there and the looks of astonishment appeared on my face and the homeless mans. Two men of about the same age but very different lives had met and the one who was successful in materials had offered more than his shoes. He had left this BMW car and stepped down from his high position. He lifted u
18、p the other man when he offered respect, kindness and real generosity. _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Wearing different colors You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an
19、 increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects(前景)and even our health. The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize. It is used inc
20、reasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people even believe that the blind can benefit from the “vibration”(震动)that color gives off. Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their pr
21、oducts. For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this c
22、ould be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors “speak” to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer. Wearing d
23、ifferent colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination becau
24、se it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect. So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are yo
25、u making the right impression on yourself and on others? 5.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world. Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their competitors. The influence of advertisin
26、g is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they dont want at the start. Advertising encourages people to buy things they dont want through misleading ideas. Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to highlight the features of their product even though some of the product is reg
27、arded as undesirable such as cigarettes, drugs and alcohol. For example, Dunhill, a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams, seems to promoting cigarette to the public. Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes. Besides
28、 that, advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by people in their everyday life. Many businesses use advertising as a form of promotion to raise awareness about their product in the market. For example, in the fast food industry, the introduction of a new flavor (风味) of burger (汉堡) n
29、eeds advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales. Children, especially, are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that. Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become pop
30、ular to the pubic through advertising. However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability and so on. Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product. For example, advertisements initiat
31、ed (发起)by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when they are buying items. Without the power of advertising, customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice. _ _ _ _ _ 答案以及解析答案以及解析 1.答案： Despite general guidance on road safety, seldom do
32、parents ask their children to set aside their phones when they need to cross a street. Honolulu has issued a ban on distracted walking. Whoever violates it shall face fines of $15 to $99. However, the law does allow emergency calls. With cellphones causing increasing pedestrian deaths, more US citie
33、s may follow suit to improve road safety. And most parts of the United States also prohibit distracted driving. 解析： 概要写作需按一定的步骤进行,合理的步骤能确保顺利完成写作任 务。 本文可按如下步骤展开:步骤一:浏览全文,了解短文大意通读短文, 理解短文大意,掌握短文的基本结构。本文是一篇说明文,分为 5 个段 落。美国夏威夷的城市 Honolulu 通过立法禁止人们过马路时看电子 设备,将来其他城市也会效仿。步骤二:细读文章,找出关键信息找准文 章关键信息是概要写作最重要的前提
34、和依据。 罗列关键信息可以避免 遗漏重要内容。 Para.1: an introduction to the topic Para.2: an introduction to the bandistracted Para.3: an exception to the banwalking Para.4: increasing pedestrian deaths Para. 5: other cities following suit 步骤三: 陈列概写要点,整合要点成句这个环节要求把各个段落的关 键信息用合理的表达方式进行逻辑整合,并利用合理的语言结构和句 式进行融合贯通。 具体如下:(一)要
35、点陈列:1. Parents always give their children safety guidance.2. Parents seldom ask their children to set aside their phones when they need to cross a street.3. Honolulu has introduced a ban.4. The ban is to discourage distracted walking.5. Whoever violates the ban shall face fines of $15 to $99.6. The
36、law does allow pedestrians to make emergency calls.7. Cellphones led to more and more deaths in the US.8. Other cities may follow suit.9. Most parts of the United States also prohibit distracted driving. (二)整合成句:使用状语从句,将要点 1、 2 整合为:Though parents always give their children safety guidance, they seld
37、om ask their children to set aside their phones when they need to cross a street.使用非谓语,将要点 3、4 整合为:To discourage distracted walking, Honolulu has introduced a ban.使用状语从句,将要点 5、6 整合为:Though the violation of the ban shall lead to people being fined $15 to $99, the law does allow pedestrians to make em
38、ergency calls.使用 with 复合结构,将要点 7、8 整合为:With cellphones leading to more and more deaths in the US, other cities may follow suit.要点 9 单独成句。 步骤四: 连句成篇,初步成文把句子整合成篇章,应按行文逻辑进行写 作,可以打破段落主旨的前后关系,尽量把多个句子的信息合理整合在 一个句子当中。整合过程中应使用多种语言结构和句型,避免照抄原 文。形成概要初稿如下: Though parents always give their children safety guida
39、nce, they seldom ask their children to set aside their phones when they need to cross a street. To discourage distracted walking, Honolulu has introduced a ban. Though the violation of the ban shall lead to people being fined $15 to $99, the law does allow pedestrians to make emergency calls. With c
40、ellphones leading to more and more deaths in the US, other cities may follow suit. And most parts of the United States also prohibit distracted driving. 步骤五: 适当修饰,完善写作可以从词汇应用和语法结构的丰富性和 准确性以及上下文的连贯性等几个角度考虑,同时注意词数要求,形成 概要终稿如下: Despite general guidance on road safety, seldom do parents ask their childr
41、en to set aside their phones when they need to cross a street. Honolulu has issued a ban on distracted walking. Whoever violates it shall face fines of $15 to $99. However, the law does allow emergency calls. With cellphones causing increasing pedestrian deaths, more US cities may follow suit to imp
42、rove road safety. And most parts of the United States also prohibit distracted driving. 2.答案： Youd better spare the time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges to ensure a brilliant college life, even if it may be costly. If you live nearby, be sure to check it out before yo
43、u apply. Even after submitting applications, a visit can help avoid much trouble. Visiting the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive, if its impossible to see for yourself for lack of time and money, will be beneficial. 3.答案： On a freezing winter day, a successful businessman of about 60 happened
44、to come across a poor beggar of the same age. He walked out of his BMW and gave the beggar a lot of money and even his own gloves, shoes and socks. The author was as astonished as the beggar. This unforgettable experience taught him the new meaning of kindness and generosity. 4.答案： Colors, whose pow
45、er can be greater than expected, are believed to affect our mood, career and health. Theyre increasingly used to influence our state of mind and treat illness. So companies employ colors to promote sales considering the image they convey and age groups they attract. As colors of clothes can affect p
46、eoples feelings, deciding what to wear matters in making the right impression.(64 words) 解析： 审题分析:这篇说明文首先讲述的是颜色在我们日常生活和工作中有 重要的影响 - 影响自己和他人的情结且其程度超越了我们的预料, 接着具体介绍了各种颜色的象征意义,这部分可以略写;最后作者提出 了建议一一这是本文写作的目的;故作者要准确把握原文要点,取舍原 文信息,考究词句,注意做到言简意赅,行文流畅,表达自如。 精彩点评:作者对原文内容做了适当的取舍详略,得当概述了原文要点 所造之词含义丰富高级句型使用得十分传神
47、表达有力;句间过渡自然, 语言流畅,是篇难得的范文。 5.答案： Advertising is essential to helping companies win in their business and serves as an instrument to appeal to customers.(要点 1) Advertising also tempts customers into buying some unwanted products, thus promoting the sales.(要点 2) People, especially children, tend to be influenced by advertising to make decisions.(要点 3) Whats more, advertising spreads overall info
