1、新课导入,庄周曾梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶，轻舞飞扬、飘然快乐。于是他全然忘记了自己是庄周。醒来之后，庄子对于自己究竟是庄周还是蝴蝶感到惊奇诧异。仔细想想，不知是庄周做梦变成蝴蝶了呢，还是蝴蝶做梦变成了庄周？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
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3、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,庄子的想法表达了一种人生如梦的人生态度。今天，就让我们一起走近庄子，学习庄子的人生哲学！,21 庄子二则,部编版八年级语文下册,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
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5、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者简介,庄周（约前369前286），战国时宋国蒙（今河南商丘东北）人。哲学家，道家学派代表人物。曾做过漆园吏。,1.,2.,3.,庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶,鼓盆而歌 送妻升遐,面对死亡的安然,有关庄子的典故,庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶,庄周梦见自己变成蝴蝶，欣然自得地飞舞，感到十分愉快和
6、惬意！突然间梦醒了，醒来之后发现自己还是庄子。于是他也不知道自己到底是梦到庄子的蝴蝶呢，还是梦到蝴蝶的庄子呢。 后以“庄生梦蝶”比喻梦中乐趣或人生变化无常。,鼓盆而歌 送妻升遐,鼓盆而歌:庄子妻死,惠子前去吊丧,看到庄子正伸开两腿坐着敲击瓦盆唱歌,感到非常奇怪,就责备庄子做的不近人情.庄子说:人死是复归,人的生死如同四季运行一样.她已静静得安息于大自然中,而我还再啼哭,这岂不是不通情理吗? 后以鼓盆而歌表示对生死的乐观态度。也表示丧妻。,庄子将死的时候，他的弟子想要厚葬他。庄子说：“我拿天地当棺材，万物当随葬的物品，难道我的葬品还不齐备吗？还有比这更好的吗？”弟子们说“我们恐怕老鹰、乌鸦啄食你
7、呀！”庄子说：“在地面上被老鹰、乌鸦吃，埋在地下被蝼蚁吃，夺了那个的食给这个吃，你们怎么那么偏心呀！”,面对死亡的安然,庄子是庄周及其后学的著作集，为道家经典之一。庄子一书，据汉书艺文志记载有52篇，现在仅存33篇，分为内篇、外篇、杂篇。庄子散文在先秦诸子中独具风格，文章已完全突破了语录形式而发展成为专题论文。庄子的散文辛辣、幽默、形象、生动，富有趣味性以及艺术魅力。,作品简介,第一则选自庄子集释，自晋人郭象以来，众家莫不把它的篇旨看作是论“逍遥”，并且以“逍遥游”作为庄子人生追求的理想境界，这一点几乎没有异议，但在关于何为“逍遥”，怎样才能“逍遥”的问题上，出现了种种分歧，从而影响到对该篇思
8、想意义及有关问题的正确理解。,第二则，庄子与惠子由于基本观点的差异，在讨论问题时，便经常互相“抬杠”，对惠子的批评，庄子都是站在自己的哲学观点上，而他最大的用意，则在于借惠子来抒发己意。他们两人在现实生活中固然有距离，在学术观念上也很对立，但在情谊上，惠子却是庄子生平唯一的契友。,庄子生活在社会矛盾极其复杂的乱世。战国时，诸侯征战不已，暴君佞臣杀人如麻。他的志向抱负在现实中不可能实现，无法获得生命的自由，于是，他以追求精神上的自由来逃避纷乱的现实。希望在精神上天马行空、无所羁绊，让精神的生活去解放作为形体的生命，从而达到物我两忘、超然物外的绝对自由。正是在这种情况下，他写出了苦闷心灵的追求之歌
9、 逍遥游。,背景介绍,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
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11、元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,鲲（ ） 徙（ ） 抟（ ） 南冥（ ） 濠梁（ ） 鲦鱼（ ）,kn,x,tun,mn,ho,tio,北冥有鱼,北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。,冥： 鲲： 怒： 垂天之云：,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名。,振奋，这里指用力鼓动翅膀。,悬挂在天空的云。,夸张,动作描写,介绍鲲鹏形体,是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。齐谐者，志怪者也。谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。,海运： 天池： 志怪： 水击： 抟
12、： 扶摇： 息： 野马：,海水运动。,天然形成的水池。,记载怪异的事物。,击水，拍打水面。,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,盘旋飞翔。,旋风。,引用：表明这种情形真实可信。,山野中的雾气，奔腾如野马。,气息，这里指风。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
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14、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,苍苍： 正色： 邪： 极： 下： 是：,湛蓝。,同“耶”，疑问语气词。,真正的颜色。,尽。,向下。,想象高空俯视情景,这样。,课文解读,文章标题为“北冥有鱼”，后来怎么又写鸟了？ 在庄子的作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理，使文章生动活泼，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏的寓言说明什么道理？ 任何事物的存在都是依附于一定的条件，那么人对事物的认识有
