1、从2017-2019年全国卷阅读理解D篇 目录 Catalog 1.阅读理解题型,考情解读及相关解题技巧 2. 2019全国卷阅读理解D篇解析 3. 2018全国卷阅读理解D篇解析 4. 2017全国卷阅读理解D篇解析 题材分析 2019年年 2018年年 2017年年 语篇类型语篇类型 说明文 说明文 说明文 语境内容语境内容 社会交往 社会热点 科技发展 题型解读 2019年年 2018年年 2017年年 细节理解 1 2 3 推理判断 1 2 0 主旨大意 2 0 0 观点态度 0 0 0 词义猜测 0 0 1 文章出处 0 0 0 说明文的基本结构说明文的基本结构 Examples C
2、omparison Classification 解 题 技 巧 及 真 题 解 析 考点总结 解题技巧 解题技巧 考点总结 考点总结 真题解析 2017-2019全国卷阅读理解D篇 文章分析 这是一篇说明文。主题诧境为人与社会,主题诧境 内容为社会交往。文章将受欢迎的人分成了两类 讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。本文侧重 培养学生的思维品质。 2019全国课标I卷D篇 During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allow- ed me to keep my hi
3、gh social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 真题讲解：2019 全国卷全国卷 D 1.What sort of girl
4、 was the author in her early years of elementary school? A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool. 真题讲解 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. 【选项分析】 C 1.What sort of girl was the author in he
5、r early years of elementary school? A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool. 真题讲解 Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories :the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-oth
6、ers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 2.What is the second paragraph mai- n
7、ly about? A.The classification of the popular. B.The characteristics of adolescents. C.The importance of interpersonal skills. D.The causes of dishonorable beha- vior. 真题讲解 2.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The classification of the popular. B.The characteristics of adolescents. C.The i
8、mportance of interpersonal skills. D.The causes of dishonorable behavior. 【推理判断题】 【1审 2定 3找】 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. 【选项分析】 A 真题讲解 Enviable as the cool kids may have seem ed, Dr. Prinsteins studies
9、show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most like- ly to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.” 3.What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids? A.They appeared to be aggressive. B.They
10、tended to be more adaptable. C.They enjoyed the highest status. D.They performed well academically. 真题讲解 In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found th
11、at the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward the- ir classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 It clearly showed that w
12、hile likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. 【选项分析】 B 真题讲解 Dr. Prinstein has also found that the quali- ties that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you bet- ter able to relate an
13、d connect with others. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B.The Higher the Status, the Better C.Be the BestYou Can Make It D.More Self-Control, Less Aggressi- veness 真题讲解 【主旨大意】 【标题概括】 文章将受欢迎的人分成两类 讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。 根据对这两种人的介绍可以总结出 整篇文章都是在引导读者做讨人喜 欢的人,对人友善、学会分享、敞 开心扉。
14、 【选项分析】 A In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prins- tein came to another conclusion:Not only is li- kability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “ Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help s
15、omebody gain an advantage,”he said. 长难句分析 “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experi- ences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said. 长难句的拆分：句子=主干+修饰成分 三长，两短， 一并列 三长：介词短诧；非谓诧；从句（定从（adj.）、状从(adv.)）; 两短：形容词；副词 ; 一并列：并列连词 文章分析 这是一篇说明文。我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时, 人们会将已经落
16、后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并 非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的 能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。 2018全国课标I卷D篇 真题讲解 (2018 全国卷全国卷 D) We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of styl
17、e. Thats bad news for the environment and our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 1.What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.The
18、y go out of style quickly. 真题讲解 【推理判断】 【1审 2 定 3找】 Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 【选项分析】 A 1.What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no bet
19、ter than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 真题讲解 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefro
20、m when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in
21、1997. And MP3 players, smartphones , and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. 真题讲解 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 To figure out how much power these devices are using,.using the device. 【选项分析】 D 2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of miner
22、als. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 真题讲解 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 .as these outdated devices consume much more energy t han the newer ones that do the same things. ., before tablets and e-readers showed
23、up in 2007. 【选项分析】 B 3.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer. 真题讲解 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and sud
24、denly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The avera ge number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors
25、 and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 真题讲解 So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what wou
26、ld happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 真题讲解 【推理
27、判断题】 【1审 2定 3找】 .They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop comp uters could cut energy consumption by 44%. 【选项分析】 B 4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle th
28、em. 文章分析 这是一篇说明文,属于科普类文章。文章介绍了在野外自 制蒸馏装置收集饮用水的过程及其工作原理。短文首先说 明了自制蒸馏装置所需的部件,然后详细说明了制作装置 的几个步骤,最后简要阐述了其工作原理。 2017全国课标I卷D篇 真题讲解：(2017 全国卷全国卷 D) A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doct
29、ors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of
30、plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.Its delicate. B.Its expensive. C.Its complex. D.Its portable. 真题讲解 【
31、主旨大意】 【1审 2定 3找】 The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 【选项分析】 D 1.What do we know a
32、bout the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.Its delicate. B.Its expensive. C.Its complex. D.Its portable. 真题讲解 To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to inc- rease the water catche
33、rs productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand out the side of the hole. 2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher ”in paragraph 2 refer to? A.The tube. B.The stil
34、l. C.The hole. D.The cup. 真题讲解 【词义猜测题】 【1审 2定 3找】 To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. 【选项分析】 B 2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup. 真题讲解 N
35、ext, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches abov
36、e, the cup. 3.What is the last step of constru- cting a working solar still? A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place. C.Weight the sheets center down. D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 真题讲解 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of th
37、e plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. 【选项分析】 C 3.What is the last step of construc- ting a working solar still? A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place. C.Weight the sheets center down. D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 真题讲解 The solar still works
38、 by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸 发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still
39、every time you need a drink. 4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from . A.the plastic tube B.outside the hole C.the open air D.beneath the sheet 真题讲解 【细节理解题】 【1审 2定 3找】 The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸 发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. 【选项分析】 D 4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from . A.the plastic tube B.outside the hole C.the open air D.beneath the sheet 完成2020年全国卷D篇
