1、第 4 讲 特殊句式 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1(2018 全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide， ”. 2(2016 全国卷)It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sports but whatever it is，make(make)
2、 sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 状语从句中的省略、祈 使句等。 短 文 改 错 (2019 全国卷) They were two reasons for the decision.TheyThere there be 句型中 there 与 they 的混淆。 考点一 倒装句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 营口模拟)Into the dark apartment walked (walk) David，who was quite surprised when
3、everyone shouted “Happy birthday！” 2(2020 商丘模拟)Strange as/though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 3(2020 崇州模拟)Hardly had(have) she gone out when a student came to visit her. .单句改错 4(2020 洛阳高三月考)Hello, Ladies and Gentlemen! Present at the meeting is the parents
4、and teachers from our school. isare 5(2020 湖北八市联考)Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. then 后加 did 要点解读 1完全倒装 表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语 here，there，now，then，up，down， away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall 等置于句首，且主语为名词时。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing
5、 River lies Chongqing， one of the ten largest cities in China. 在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。 2部分倒装 (1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely 等)或表示否 定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case 等)置于句 首时。 (2)only 修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。 (3)so/neither 助动词/be 动词/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此/也 不
6、”。 (4)在 not only.but (also).句型中，若 not only 置于句首时，需将 not only 所在 的句子部分倒装。 (5)not until.置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。 (6)so.that.和 such.that.句式中，so 或 such 及其所修饰的成分置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装。 Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist- related activities in the rural areas. 直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。 Only
7、after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。 考点二 强调句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 吉林省梅河口市联考)It was only when we took him to the vets on Saturday morning and got his chip scanned that we found out for sure. 2(2020 大同市模拟)“An awful accident did, however,
8、 occur the other day， ” the old man repeated, trembling all over. .单句改错 3(2020 郑州模拟)It was at that time when I realized how important it was to master a certain skill.whenthat 4(2020 湖南衡阳市八中、永州市四中一联)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more eff
9、icient.whichthat 要点解读 1陈述句式：It is/was.that/who.(强调人时可用 that 或 who，强调物时只用 that) 一般疑问句：Is/Was it.that/who.? 特殊疑问句：疑问词is/was it that.? It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。 Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after
10、the boat went down? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？ 2“not.until.”的强调句：It is/was not until.that.(注意时态) It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅仅因为它的美，还因为它的天 气。 易错提醒 强调谓语动词， 用 do/does/did动词原形。 该结构只用于肯定句， 并且只有一般现在时和一般过去
11、时。 考点三 其他常考特殊句式 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 招远月考)I hope youll visit China next month. If so, Id like to be your tour guide. 2(2020 天水二模)When watching (watch) the film in the theatre, the audience burst out laughing. 3 (2020 会宁一中月考)It is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days hav
12、e been preserved. 4(2020 日照联考)Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. 5(2020 山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others dont. There are(be) several reasons. 6(2020 河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time, there was a b
13、oy whose parents named him Odd. .单句改错 7(2020 洛阳三校联考)Is there anything else I can do for you, Jeff? No. Thanks. I really appreciate when you lent all your notes to me before the exam. appreciate 后加 it 8(2020 湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow. Doi
14、ngDo 9(2020 湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school. hasis 要点解读 一、省略 1状语从句的省略 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主 语是 it 且从句中含 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词，构成下列 结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却 时就收缩。 2不定式的省略 (1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和
15、前面句子中相同 的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号 to。常用在 expect，hope，intend，mean，try， want，wish 等词后。 Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to. 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。 (2)but 用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词 do，后接不定式 时，要省略 to；但前面没有实义动词 do 时，后接的不定式不省略 to。 If he takes on this work，he will have
16、no choice but to meet an even greater challenge. 如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。 3if 省略结构 if so 如果这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 二、感叹句 1what 引导的感叹句 (1)Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词主语谓语！ (2)What(adj.)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！ 2how 引导的感叹句 (1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！ (2)Ho
17、wadj.a/an单数名词主语谓语！ (3)How主语谓语！ What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 三、祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。 1 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称 you(常省略)。 祈使句的否定形式一般在动词 原形前加 dont，也
18、可用副词 never 构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加 do。 Do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。 2祈使句表示假设的情况。 (1)祈使句and/or简单句 (2)名词词组(多含有 more，another)and简单句 Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。 Start out right away，or well miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 四、there be
19、句型 1there be 句型中的 be 可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 并且 be 有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be 等替换。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。 Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着
20、一位老渔夫。 2there be 句型的常考句型： There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that.毫无疑问 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that.(做)某事(没)有可能性 五、it 的特殊用法 1it 作形式主语或形式宾语：it
21、作形式主语或形式宾语时， 真正的主语或宾 语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由 that 引导的主语或宾语从句，把真正的主语或 宾语移到句后。 It is a good habit to do morning exercises. 晨练是个好习惯。 It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film. 真遗憾，你没看这么一部好电影。 2it 用于强调句型：Itis/was被强调的部分that/who其他。 It is Professor Wang that/who teaches us English every Monday afternoon. 是王
22、教授每周一下午教我们英语。 3it 引起的几个易混时间句型。 Itbe时间段since 从句， “自从以来已多久了” 。在该句型中，若 since 从句的谓语动词是终止性动词， 则主句动作自该终止性动词动作开始时算起； 若 since 从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则主句动作或状态自该延续性动词动作结 束时开始。 It is three years since she left Beijing. 自从她离开北京已三年了。 It is three years since she lived in Beijing. 她三年不在北京住了。 Itbe时间段before 从句，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意
23、为“过多长 时间才”；主句中的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多久就”。主句 的时态可用过去时 was 或将来时 will be； 用 was 时， before 从句的动词用一般过去 时；用 will be 时，before 从句常用一般现在时。 It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. 不久她就背会了那些诗歌。 It was long before the police arrived. 不久警察就到了。 It will be hours before he makes a decision. 要过几小时他才能做决定。
24、Itbe时间when 从句，主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态 上一般是一致的，主句是 will be, when 从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 It was already 8 oclock when we got home. 我们到家时已经八点了。 It was the next morning when we finished our work. 次日凌晨我们才完成工作。 It will be midnight when they get there. 他们要午夜到达那里。 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式； 2根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的
25、词。 在短文改错中： 遇到特殊句式，要注意倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句等的构成 特点，也应当注意 it 的特殊用法，从而确定错因。 .单句语法填空 1He said he _ see a woman in black walking out of the office building just now. did 句意：他说他的确看到了一个黑衣女子从办公大楼走出来了。分析句子 可知，此处是对谓语动词 see 的强调，根据时间状语“just now”可知，应该用 did 表示强调。 2Hardly _ (have) she sat down when she heard someone
26、 knocking the door. had 句意：她刚刚坐下，就听到有人敲门。hardly. when . 表示“一 就”，hardly 放在句首，用部分倒装。从句使用一般过去时，主句用过去完成 时。故填 had。 3Are you free tonight? If _， Id like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States. so 句意：今晚你有空吗？如果有空的话，我想让你见见我的新朋友来自美 国的汤姆。if so “如果这样的话”，so 替代上文的全部内容，避免重复。 4When _ (return) home, I met my
27、 old friend Paul in the street. returning 句意：当我回家时，我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。return 的 逻辑主语与句子主语 I 一致，且 I 与 return 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分 词形式。when returning home 是 when I was returning home 的省略。 5Not only _(be) I interested in the photography, but I took a course at university. am 句意：我不仅对摄影感兴趣，在大学里我还上过摄影课。not only 位
28、于 句首时，所在分句用部分倒装，且此处描述现在的情况，故填 am。 6I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _(do) I feel so happy. did 句意：我最终得到了我梦想的工作。我一生中从来没有这么高兴过。 never 放在句首，句子用部分倒装，结合前面的 got 可知，填 did。 7At the top of the hill _ (stand) an ancient tower, which dates back to the Song Dynasty. stands 句意：在山顶上有一座古塔，它可
29、追溯到宋朝。表示地点的介词短 语放在句首，句子用全部倒装。句子的主语是 an ancient tower, 故填 stands。 8It was last Saturday _ we visited the History Museum in the center of the city. that 此句为强调句型，其中被强调的部分是 last Saturday。 .单句改错 1Not until my son had entered the college he realize the importance of time. _ he 前加 did not until 位于句首时主句应用部分
30、倒装； 由从句的时态可知， 主 句应用一般过去时，因此在 he 前加助动词 did。 2Scarcely I arrived at my second job when a server immediately handed me my first order. _ Scarcely 后加 had 此处是“scarcely . when . ”结构，Scarcely 用于句首，主 句部分倒装。本结构中从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故在 Scarcely 后 加 had。 3At home, there has a CD player in my room, and the music i
31、s on all the time. _ hasis 句意：在家里我的房间里有一台 CD 播放器，一直放着音乐。前一 分句为 there be 句型。主语为单数名词 a CD player, 故将 has 改为 is。 4 It was in that poor village where he spent much of his childhood with his parents. _ wherethat 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句，故将 where 改为 that。 5Although Im not a teacher of that famous school, I want to
32、. _ to 后加 be 在省略句中， 如果不定式中含有 be, have, have been， 则不能省略， 通常保留这些词，故此处在 to 后加 be。 .语法填空 (2020 河南省非凡吉创联盟高三调研)Im 28, and for the first time in my adult life I am in complete 1 _(happy) and at peace.There were so many times I wanted to give up but didnt out of fear of hurting other people or causing them
33、 2 _(problem) But now as I sit 3 _(write) this， I own my own home after years of 4 _(finance) mistakes，I have had a job for the last year and a half that Id kept applying 5 _every year for seven years，and by completely ignoring my selfjudgment，I 6 _(find) a wonderful girlfriend who is supportive, lo
34、ving and makes me feel like I can conquer the world.My health is improving after trying 7 _(consistent) to find a diet and exercise plan that works.I have a little bit of debt 8 _(leave) that is slowly being settled and have an end plan for that to be paid off. The only advice I can give to anyone w
35、ho reads this is: if I can do it， 9 _can you.Honestly speaking， when you keep pushing forward and up， there is eventually 10 _flat ground that sees all your hard work pay off. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了自己的经历，鼓励大家为生 活要勇往直前地奋斗。 1happiness 所填词在句中作介词宾语，故此处应填名词形式 happiness， 表示“幸福”。 2problems 所填词作宾语，故此处应填名词的复数
36、形式。 3writing 所填词作伴随状语，表示主动，故用现在分词。故填 writing。 4financial 所填词作定语修饰名词，填形容词 financial，表示“金融方面 的”。 5for 这里用动词短语 apply for 表示“申请”。 6have found 这里用提示动词的现在完成时表示延续到现在的动作或状 态。故填 have found。 7consistently 这里用副词作状语，表示“坚持不懈地”。 8left 这里用过去分词作定语，表示被动含义。 9so 这里用“so can you”表示“你也能行”，本空填 so 指代前面的内容。 10a 这里用不定冠词修饰 gr
37、ound，表示“一片平坦的土地”。 .短文改错 (2020 衡水中考试)I will share one experience with you.With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety.However, I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination.I got very discouraging.Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, a
38、pproached me and said, “In life we all have moments when we cant achieve what we want it.It is natural.Dont allow those moment to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were reminder which provided myself with constant encouragement to smile at life.Consequently, I gain
39、ed what I deserved. So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all.It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life. 【答案】 I will share one experience with you.With the College Entrance Examination draw drawing near, I was filled with great an
40、xiety. However Therefore， I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from in my failing in the examination.I got very discouraging discouraged .Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, approached me and said, “In life we all have moments when we cant achieve what we want it .It is natural.Dont allow those
41、moment moments to weaken you, and but turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were a reminder which provided myself me with constant encouragement to smile at life.Consequently, I gained what I deserved. So it is an optimistic attitude which that matters most of all.It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.
