1、2021 高考英语语法填空必杀四:动词做非谓语的三种命题难度 语法填空动词(非谓语形式)解题技巧汇总语法填空动词(非谓语形式)解题技巧汇总 一、判断方式: 1. 空格处的提示词为动词 2. 空格处填的词为非谓语形式(判断方式:句子内不缺谓语) 二、基本能力 1. 动词的现在分词,过去分词会写 2. 常见固定搭配 (1)介词后+doing 常考介词为:by, for, in, with, without, of, after, from 等 (2)常见的+to do 的动词 决心学会想希望(decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish), 拒绝设法愿假
2、装(refuse,manage,care,pretend)。 主动答应选计划(offer,promise,choose,plan), 同意请求帮一帮(agree,ask/beg,help)。 (3)常见的+doing 的动词 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay), 建议完成多练习(suggest, finish, practice) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, cant help),承认否定与妒忌(admit, deny, envy), 逃脱冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, pardon),忍受保持不在意(stand, keep, mind)。 (4
3、)必背的固定搭配 to doto do be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 be designed to do sth.被设计用来做某事 be intended to do sth.打算做某事 be to blame 应受责备(无被动) can hardly/cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。 It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事。 sb./sth.be said/supposed/believed/thought/known/repor
4、ted to do/to be done/to have done 据说/ 认为/报道某人/某物 It remains to be seen.尚待分晓;拭目以待 主语beadj.to do 句型 适用于此结构的形容词有: easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous 等。 doingdoing be (well) worth doing sth.值得做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have fun doing sth.做某
5、事很开心 feel like doing sth.想做某事 Its no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱/时间做某事 prevent/stop.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事 There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 三、常见考法 初级难度: (
6、1)介词+doing (2) 作主语 doing 表一般习惯性的动作;to do 表具体的一次动作。 中级难度 (1)常见固定搭配 (2) 做定语 非谓语做定语,逻辑主语通常为空前的名词 若表将来的动作,用不定式 to do;若表将来的被动动作,用 to be done。 若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.ing);若与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词(v.ed)。 若表被动且为正在发生的动作,用 being done。 句中出现 first,second 等序数词,last,next,only 等以及形容词最高级(名词)时,用不定式作定语。 该结构中主语与不定式应是逻辑上的主谓关系。 抽
7、象名词 ability,chance,opportunity,patience,plan,promise,right 等后常用不定式作后置定语。 作状语 非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语往往是前面或后面句子的主语。 如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,且表示进行,用 doing。 如果是主动关系,但表示完成(即早于谓语动词发生),用 having done。 如果是逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是动宾关系(翻译为被.),用 done。 如果非谓语动词表示目的或出乎意料的结果,用不定式; 表示自然而然的结果用v.ing。 小技巧 形容词化的v.ing,表示名词的属性,意为“令人的”人或物;形容词化的v.e
8、d,表示名词的心理状态。 意为“感到的”;一般修饰 voice,look,expression 时,其前往往用v.ed 形式,表示内心的感受。 高级难度 句子比较复杂,需要准确翻译句子才能填对答案 必背固定搭配全家福: 非谓语动词固定搭配基础篇(背背背) 非谓语动词固定搭配提升篇(背背背) 四、经典练习 较易试题: 1Scientists have responded by _(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.(2019全国) 答案 noting 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 by
9、后接动词时要用其动名词形式作宾语,故填 noting。 2A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year” for _ (be) Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.(2019全国) 答案 being 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 for 后接动词时要用其动名词形式作宾语,故填 being。 3But some students didnt want _(wear) the uniform.(2019浙江) 答案 to wear 解析 考查非谓语动词。want
10、后加不定式作宾语,构成 want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填 to wear。 4I still remember _(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江) 答案 visiting 解析 考查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth.记得做过某事。 5 You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce
11、your risk of _(die) early by running.(2018 全 国) 答案 dying 解析 考查非谓语动词。介词 of 后接动词时要用其动名词形式,故填 dying。 6I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn t feel challenged.(2018全国) 答案 looking 解析 考查非谓语动词。avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。 7Fast food is full of f
12、at and salt;by _(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国) 答案 eating 解析 考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词 by 后接动名词作宾语。故填 eating。 8This included digging up the road,_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国) 答案 laying 解析 考查非谓语动词。included 后的
13、dig,lay,build 是三个并列的动作,根据 digging 及 building 可知, lay 也应用动名词形式。 9But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants _(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国) 答案 to prove 解析 考查固定搭配。want to do sth.想要做某事,为固定搭配。 10_(learn) to think critically is an important skill todays chil
14、dren will need for the future.(2019天津) 答案 Learning 解析 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短 语作主语。 11_(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. (2018北京) 答案 Traveling 解析 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短 语作主语。 中档试题: 1They make great gifts an
15、d you see them many times _(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(2020全国) 答案 decorated 解析 考查非谓语动词。在“see宾语宾补”结构中,宾语与宾补之间是主动关系,用现在分词,表示 动作正在进行。see sth.done 看到某物被,此处表示“看到礼物装点着红包和祝福好运的信息”。them 与 decorate 是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾补。 2And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
16、 clouds _(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.(2020全国) 答案 surrounding 解析 考查非谓语动词。在“see宾语宾补”结构中,宾语与宾补之间是主动关系,用现在分词,表示 动作正在进行。the soft clouds 与 surround 之间是主动关系,且表示正在发生的情景,故用现在分词形式。 3On the last day of our weeklong stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm o
17、n the North Shore under the stars,_(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019全国 ) 答案 listening 解析 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。we 与 listen to 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and 后的 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式,故空格处填 listening。 4 Nervously _(fa
18、ce) challenges , I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “ Be yourself”(2019北京) 答案 facing 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语,非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主 语 I,主语 I 与动词 face 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。 5 _(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment , many senior citizens started to use smart phones.(2019江苏) 答案 To
19、 enjoy 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。根据句意并分 析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用不定式作目的状语。 6 China s image is improving steadily, with more countries _(recognize) its role in international affairs.(2019江苏) 答案 recognizing 解析 考查 with 复合结构。此处是 with 复合结构,动词 recognize 与其逻辑主语 more countries 之间是主动 关系,故用现在分词。 7Once
20、his message was delivered,he allowed me _(stay) and watch.(2018全国) 答案 to stay 解析 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事,为固定搭配。 8Ordinary soap,_(use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京) 答案 used 解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与 use 之间是被动关系,因此应 用过去分词,即过去分词作状语,used correctly 相当于 if
21、 it is used correctly 这个条件状语从句的省略形式。 9I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _(take)(2018天津) 答案 taken 解析 本题考查 have sth.done 结构,意为“让别人做某事,让被做”。my photograph 与 take 之间是 被动关系,故需用 take 的过去分词形式。 10They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (2020
22、全国) 答案 coming 解析 考查非谓语动词。一个句子不能有两个谓语动词,而且空前的 the earth 与 come 是主动关系,故用 现在分词作后置定语。 11Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _(change) lives.(2020浙 江) 答案 to change 解析 考查非谓语动词(不定式)。句意为:农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作 定语,修饰 technology,故填 to change。 12 Picking up her “Life
23、time Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _ (retire) from her 36yearold business.(2019全国) 答案 to retire 解析 考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词 plans 的后置定语,故填 to retire。 13When we got a call _(say) she was shortlisted,we thought it was a joke. (2019全国) 答案 saying 解析 考查非谓语动词。 动词 say 与其逻辑主语 a call 是逻辑上的主
24、谓关系, 故此处用现在分词作后置定语, 故填 saying。 14Earth Day,_(mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.(2019北京) 答案 marked 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作定语;动词 mark 与 Earth Day 之间是逻辑 上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语。 15Large amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _(call)
25、caffeinism. 答案 called 解析 设空处在名词 problem 后作定语,且 call 与 problem 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置 定语,故填 called。 16The next morning he hired a boat and set out _(find) the wellknown painter. (2020全国) 答案 to find 解析 考查非谓语动词。set out to do 开始做,为固定搭配。 17They are easy _(care) for and make great presents.(2020全国) 答案 to c
26、are 解析 考查固定句式。sth.be easy to do 某事很容易做。不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。 18Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s,and are expensive_(perform) consistently over a large area.(2019全国) 答案 to perform 解析 考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语beadj.不定式”结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者,不 定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填 to
27、perform。 19 I didnt mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn t help _ (try) it.(2018天津) 答案 to eat;trying 解析 句意为:我没打算吃东西,但这冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth.打 算做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事;cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事;cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事。 20But unlike her school
28、friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _(rest) (2017全国) 答案 resting 解析 考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定搭配。 21If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home.(2016全国) 答案 to bring 解析 考查不定式的用法。be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。 较难试题
29、 1The accident is reported _(occur) on the first Sunday in February. (2020黑龙江实验中学质检) 答案 to have occurred 解析 短语 be reported to 表示“据报道”,后跟不定式,且事故发生在报道之前,故应用 to have done 形式,occur 表示“发生”,没有被动语态。 2 However,most of the fires this year are believed _(cause) by farmers, who use fire as a traditional way to clean land.(2020江苏如皋调研) 答案 to be caused 解析 be believed to do 意为“被认为”;引起(cause)和火灾(fires)之间是被动关系,用 be caused,所 以空白处填 to be caused。 3I had taken small gestures like _(be) welcomed,thoughtof or included for granted.(2020吉林三调) 答案 being 解析 分析句子成分可知,like“像”是介词,后接动名词作宾语,故填 being。