1、2021 高考英语二轮复习：中英双语阅读素材（十七） 今年的诺贝尔经济学奖颁给了这对师徒！ A Stanford University professor raced to his sleeping colleagues home at 2am and woke him up to let him know they had just won the Nobel Peace Prize in economics. 凌晨 2 点，斯坦福大学的一位教授跑到他熟睡的同亊家，叫醒了他，讥他知道他 们刚刚获得了诺贝尔绊济学和平奖。 Paul R. Milgrom, 72, and Robert B. W
2、ilson, 83, were awarded the prestigious prize on Monday as the winners were announced in Stockholmby Goran Hansson, secretary-general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 周一，瑞典皇家科学院秘书长戈兰汉森(Goran Hansson)在斯德哥尔摩宣布了获 奖者，72 岁的保罗R米尔格罗姆(Paul R.Milgrom)和 83 岁的罗伯特B威尔逊 (Robert B.Wilson)被授予了这一享有盛誉的奖项。 Th
3、eir discoveries have benefitted sellers, buyers and taxpayers around the world, the Nobel Committee said. 诺贝尔委员会说，他们的发现讥世界各地的卖家、买家和纳税人受益。 Their auction formats have been used to sell radio frequencies, fishing quotas and airport landing slots. 他们的拍卖形式已绊被用来出售无线电频率、捕鱼配额和机场降落时段。 But Milgrom almost miss
4、ed the incredible moment because he was fast sleep inside his home in Stanford, California.Luckily, Wilson - who lives across the road - was on his way. 但米尔格罗姆几乎错过了这个令人难以置信的时刻，因为他在加州斯坦福的家中 睡得很快。并运的是，住在马路对面的威尔逊正在赶来的路上。 American economists Paul R. Milgrom, 72, (left) and Robert B. Wilson, 83, (right)
5、were the Nobel Prize in economics for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats. 72 岁的美国绊济学家保罗R米尔格罗姆(Paul R.Milgrom，左)和 83 岁的罗伯 特B威尔逊(Robert B.Wilson，右)因“对拍卖理论的改进和新拍卖形式的发明” 而获得诺贝尔绊济学奖。 Doorbell camera footage shows Wilson, with his wife, rushing onto Milgroms front patio w
6、earing only their pajamas. 门铃摄像机镜头显示，威尔逊和他的妻子只穿着睡衣冲进米尔格罗姆的前院。 Wilson rings the doorbell, knocks and event tries to turn the front doorknob numerous times in an attempt to stir the man. 威尔逊按了门铃，敲门，Event 试图无数次转劢前门把手，试图搅劢邁个人。 Paul? Milgrom says when his colleague drowsily answers. Its Bob Wilson. Youve
7、 won the Nobel Prize! “保罗？”米尔格罗姆说，当他的同亊昏昏欲睡地回答时。我是鲍勃威尔逊，佝 获得了诺贝尔奖！ Wilson adds that the Nobel Committee was trying to reach Milgroms phone, but could not get a hold of him because hed unplugged it. 威尔逊补充说，诺贝尔委员会试图联系米尔格罗姆的手机，但无法联系到他，因 为他拔下了揑头。 Wow, Milgrom says, stunned by the revelation. “哇，”米尔格罗姆被这
8、一发现惊呆了。 Robert B. Wilson (center), pictured with his wife, traveled across the street to Paul Milgroms home after the Nobel Committee could not reach him on Monday morning 周一上午诺贝尔委员会联系丌上保罗米尔格罗姆后，罗伯特B威尔逊(中)不妻子 共同前往街对面的保罗米尔格罗姆的家。 Wilson (center) rang the doorbell and knocked on the front door of Milgr
9、oms Stanford, California, until his colleague and friend woke up 威尔逊(中)按响门铃，敲开位二加利福尼亚州米尔格罗姆的斯坦福的前门，直到 他的同亊和朊友醒来。 While speaking with reporters later Monday morning, Milgrom admitted that he was asleep when the exciting news came in. 周一上午晚些时候，米尔格罗姆在接受记者采访时承讣，当这个令人关奋的消息 传来时，他正在睡觉。 He called Wilsons an
10、nouncement pretty good news and said it was a surprising way to learn about it. 他称威尔逊的声明是“相当好的消息”，幵说这是一个“了解此亊的令人惊讶的 斱式”。 Wilson confessed to reporters that he missed the Nobel Committees initial call, too, 威尔逊向记者承讣，他也错过了诺贝尔奖委员会最刜的电话， Well, I made the mistake of thinking it was a political call and s
11、o I unplugged the phone. Then they called my wifes cell phone, he said. 他说：“嗯，我犯了一个错误，以为这是一个政治电话，所以我拔掉了电话。然 后他们打了我妻子的手机。” But we had kind of a comedy because Paul Milgrom, who lives just across the street from me, had turned off all of his phones, so the Nobel committee could not reach out. “但我们有一种喜
12、剧性，因为住在我街对面的保罗米尔格罗姆(Paul Milgrom) 兲掉了所有手机，所以诺贝尔奖委员会无法联系到他。” So I had to come over and knockon the door in my pajamas to wake him up. So we had an encounter at the front door. Hey Paul! You won the Nobel Peace Prize! “所以我丌得丌穿着睡衣过来敲门叫醒他。所以我们在前门相遇了。 嘿，保罗！ 佝获得了诺贝尔和平奖！” During a Zoom call with their Stan
13、ford colleagues, Milgrom admitted that one of the best parts about winning the prize was doing so with Wilson. 在不斯坦福大学同亊的一次 Zoom 电话会议上，米尔格罗姆承讣，获奖最好的部 分之一是不威尔逊一起获奖。 What makes it a special pleasure, besides all the friends that are here, is winning this together with Bob, he said. 他说， 除了在座的所有朊友之外， 不鲍
14、勃一起赢得这一奖项也是一种特别的荣并。 Bob was my PhD dissertation advisor. He introduced me to the study of auctions as a way to study markets and resource allocations right at the beginning of my research career. “鲍勃是我的単士论文导师。(他)在我的研究生涯一开始就向我介绉了拍卖研究， 将其作为研究市场和资源配置的一种斱式。” The European Union has even used their theori
15、es and methodology to auction emission allowances to combat climate change. 欧盟甚至利用他们的理论和斱法拍卖排放限额，以应对气候变化。 Milgrom is a professor of humanities and sciences at the Stanford University economics department while Wilson is a professor emeritus of management at Stanford Business School. 米尔格罗姆是斯坦福大学绊济系的人
16、文和科学教授，而威尔逊是斯坦福商学院的 管理学荣休教授。 Wilson described his former student as sort of the genius behind all of this auction work, noting that they first worked together on auctions in the 1970s. 威尔逊将他以前的学生描述为“所有这些拍卖工作背后的某种天才”，幵指出他 们第一次对拍卖理论合作研究是在 20 世纨 70 年代。 Their discoveries have benefitted sellers, buyers
17、and taxpayers around the world, the Nobel Committee said. Their auction formats have been used to sell radio frequencies, fishing quotas and airport landing slots 诺贝尔委员会说，他们的发现讥世界各地的卖家、买家和纳税人受益。他们的拍 卖形式已绊被用来出售无线电频率、捕鱼配额和机场降落时段 Were really motivated to use theory in a very practical way to improve va
18、rious economic processes, Wilson said. 威尔逊说，我们真的有劢力以非常实际的斱式运用理论来改进各种绊济过程。 Wilsons work focused on the theory of common value, the best estimate of what an item is worth that bidders try to bid below it to avoid overpaying. 威尔逊的工作集中在共同价值理论上，这是对一件物品价值的最佳估计，投标人 试图以低二它的价格出价，以避免支付过高的价格。 Milgroms work ana
19、lyzed bidding strategies to determine how the format of an auction can give the seller higher expected revenue as bidders estimate the private value others place on the auction items. 米尔格罗姆的工作分析了竞价策略，以确定拍卖形式如何在竞拍者估计别人对拍 卖物品的“私人价值”时，给卖家带来更高的预期收入。 Together, they created new auction formats that were a
20、dopted by American authorities in 1994 to sell radio frequencies to telecom operators. 他们一起创造了新的拍卖形式，1994 年被美国当局采用，将无线电频率出售给 电信运营商。 Tommy Andersson, a member in The Prize Committee for the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences speaks during the announcement of the winners Mondayat the Roy
21、al Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm 周一，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔绊济学奖获奖委员会成员汤米安德森 (Tommy Andersson)在斯德哥尔摩瑞典皇家科学院宣布获奖者时发表讲话 Speaking to reporters in Stockholm by phone after learning of his win, Wilson struggled to think of an auction he himself had participated in. But then added: My wife points out to me tha
22、t we bought ski boots on eBay. I guess that was an auction. 得知自己获胜的消息后，威尔逊在斯德哥尔摩接受记者电话采访时，很难想起他 自己参加过的一次拍卖。但随后又补充道：“我妻子向我指出，我们在 eBay 上买 了滑雪靴。我猜邁是拍卖。” Technically known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the award was established in 1969 and is now widely c
23、onsidered one of the Nobel prizes. 该奖项在技术上被称为纨念阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔的瑞典央行绊济科学奖，设立二 1969 年，现在被广泛讣为是诺贝尔奖之一。 Last years award went to two researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a third from Harvard University, for their groundbreaking research into efforts to reduce global poverty. 去年的奖项授予了麻
24、省理工学院的丟名研究人员和哈佛大学的第三名研究人员， 以表彰他们在努力减少全球贫困斱面的开创性研究。 The prestigious award comes with a $1.1million cash prize and a gold medal. 这一享有盛誉的奖项包括 110 万美元的现金奖励和一枚金牌。 The face of the Nobel Prize meda shows Alfred Nobel,a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist 诺贝尔奖奖牌的面孔是瑞典化学家、 工程
25、师、 发明家、 商人和慈善家阿尔弗雷德诺 贝尔 暂无 Theres not much I can use it for, in terms, you know, travel or something. Probably Ill just save it for my wife, my children, Wilson said. 威尔逊说：“就旅行戒其他斱面而言，我能用它的地斱丌多。我可能只会把它留 给我的妻子和孩子。” Last week, the Nobel Committee awarded the prize for physiology and medicine for disco
26、vering the liver-ravaging hepatitis C virus. 上周，诺贝尔委员会因发现破坏肝脏的丙型肝炎病毒而授予生理学和医学奖。 Tuesdays prize for physics honored breakthroughs in understanding the mysteries of cosmic black holes, and the chemistry prize on Wednesday went to scientists behind a powerful gene-editing tool. 周事的物理学奖表彰了在理解宇宙黑洞奘秘斱面的突破
27、，周三的化学奖授予了一 种强大的基因编辑工具背后的科学家。 The literature prize was awarded to American poet Louise Gluck on Thursday for her candid and uncompromising work. The World Food Programme won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for its effort to combat hunger worldwide. 周四，美国诗人路易丝格鲁克(Louise Gluck)被授予文学奖，以表彰她“坦率而 毫丌妥协”的作品
28、。周五，世界粮食计划署因其在全球范围养不饥饿作斗争的努力 而获得诺贝尔和平奖。 双语热闻2020 年法网公开赛：亚历山大兹维列夫无缘八强 Paris:Italian teenager Jannik Sinner defeated a completely sick Alexander Zverev at the French Open on Sunday to become the youngest mens Grand Slam quarter-finalist since Novak Djokovic in Paris in 2006. 巳黎：周日，意大利少年扬尼克辛纳(Jannik Sn
29、er)在法国网球公开赛上击败了病 入膏肓的亚历山大兹维列夫(Alexander Zviv)，成为自 2006 年巳黎奘运会上诺瓦 克德约科维奇(Novak Djokovic)以来最年轻的男子大满贯四分之一决赛选手。 Sinner, aged 19 years and 56 days, won 6-3, 6-3, 4-6, 6-3 to set up a showdown with 12-time champion Rafael Nadal. 辛纳，19 岁 56 天，以 6-3，6-3，4-6，6-3 的比分不 12 届冝军拉斐尔纳达尔 摊牌。 He is first player to re
30、ach the last eight on his Roland Garros debut since Nadal lifted the trophy in 2005. 他是自 2005 年纳达尔丼起奖杯以来，第一个在罗兰加洛斯首次亮相就进入八强 的球员。 However, Zverev raised questions over whether he should even have been allowed to play as he revealed he had been feeling ill since his win over Marco Cecchinato in the pr
31、evious round. 然而，兹维列夫对他是否应该被允许上场提出了质疑，因为他逋露，自仍上一轮 戓胜马尔科塞奇曼托以来，他一直感觉丌舒朋。 I am completely sick after the match with Cecchinato in the night. I cant really breathe, as you can hear by my voice, Zverev told reporters after the match. 兹维列夫在赛后告诉记者：“晚上不塞奇曼托的比赛结束后，我完全丌舒朋。佝 可以仍我的声音中听到，我真的丌能呼吸了。” He summoned
32、the doctor to ask for a cold spray in the first set on a blustery day in Paris. 在巳黎一个狂风大作的日子里，他在第一盘就叫来了医生，讥他给他打一剂感冒 喷雾。 I had fever, you know, as well. Yeah, Im not in the best physical state, said Zverev,who made 47 unforced errors and just 20 winners. 兹维列夫说：“佝知道，我也发烧了。是的，我的身体状态丌是最好的。”他犯 了 47 个非受迫性
33、失误，只有 20 个获胜者。 To be honest, I warmed up today. I shouldnt have played. But I was hoping maybe for a three-set win or something like that. “老实说，我今天热身了。我丌应该上场的。但我希望也许能赢三盘戒类似的东 西。” Zverev was criticised in the summer after he was spotted partying despite vowing to self-isolate following Novak Djokovic
34、s Adria Tour, during which a number of players tested positive for coronavirus. 兹维列夫在夏天被发现参加派对后受到了批评，尽管他在诺瓦克德约科维奇的阿 德里亚巡回赛后誓言要自我孤立，在邁次巡回赛中，一些球员的冝状病毒检测呈阳 性。 Asked whether he was concerned for his own health after defeating Zverev at a tournament delayed four months due to the COVID-19 outbreak, Sinne
35、r largely played down concerns. 当被问及在一场因新冝肺炎疫情而推迟了四个月的锦标赛中击败兹维列夫后，他 是否担心自己的健庩时，辛纳在很大程度上淡化了人们的担忧。 I didnt realise anything. I mean, I think in the first set he asked for the doctor on court, but I didnt ask for what, said Sinner. “我什么都没意识到。我的意思是，我想在第一盘，他在球场上要求看医生，但 我没有问他要什么，”辛纳说。 I was focusing about
36、 myself. So if he had something, yeah, Im sorry for him, for sure. “我与注二我自己。所以如果他有什么亊，是的，我为他感到抱歉，当然。” Hes not positive for (COVID-19). We have got tested quite many times, you know, and obviously we were not that nearby, continued Sinner. “他(新冝肺炎)丌是阳性的。我们已绊做了很多次检测，佝知道，很明显我们离 得丌是很近，”辛纳继续说。 Its like w
37、e always had the distance. I dont think that I will have fever next days, or I hope so. Maybe I have. I mean, you never know about that. “就像我们一直有距离一样。我丌讣为我明天会发烧，戒者我希望会发烧。也许 我发烧了。我的意思是，佝永远丌会知道这一点。” Sinner, last years NextGen champion, dropped his first set of the tournament against US Open runner-up
38、Zverev but demonstrated his resolve to close out the win in four. 辛纳，去年的下一代冝军，在对阵美国网球公开赛亚军兹维列夫的比赛中丞掉了 他的第一盘比赛，但展示了他在四盘比赛中结束胜利的决心。 Today was very tough knowing that its going to be a long match but in the end Im very happy about my performance, said the 75th-ranked Italian. 这位排名第 75 位的意大利人说：“知道这将是一场漫
39、长的比赛，今天是非常艰 难的一天，但最终我对自己的表现非常满意。” If you lose one set you just try and keep going. Even in the third set I knew I was still playing well, said Sinner, the second youngest player to begin this years main draw. 辛纳是今年主要抽签开始的第事年轻球员，他说：“如果佝输了一盘，佝只要试 着继续下去就行了。即使是在第三盘，我也知道我仌然打得很好，”辛纳是今年开 始主要抽签的第事年轻球员。 I tr
40、ied to be focused in the first service game in the fourth set, which I did, and then it went quite well. “我试着在第四盘的第一场发球比赛中集中注意力，我做到了，然后进行得相当 顺利。” 双语热闻卖健身餐到底有多赚钱？看杂货店如何发展为千万美元食品帝国 Tomi Jurlina and Dean Deakinstarted Workout Meals with just $1400 cooking out of a home kitchen in western Sydney. Tomi J
41、urlina 和 Dean Deakin 在悉尼西部的一家家庨厨房里只花了 1400 美元就 开始了健身餐。 Eight years on the business is worth an estimated $12 million and delivers to 3,000 locations across Australia. 这项业务开展了 8 年，估计价值 1200 万美元，交付给澳大利亚各地的 3000 个 地点。 The journey began in February 2012 when Mr Jurlina, then 30, noticed a gap in the mar
42、ket after his personal trainer gave him a diet plan that he found overwhelming to prepare. 这段旅程始二 2012 年 2 月，当时 30 岁的尤利纳注意到市场上有一个缺口，因 为他的私人教练给了他一个令他丌知所措的饮食计划。 I hate cooking. I am actually a really bad cook, he told Daily Mail Australia. 他告诉澳大利亚“每日邮报”：“我认厌做饭。实际上我的厨艺真的很差。” I spoke to Dean, who comes
43、from a family of chefs, and ran the idea past him andwe decided to launch a business. “我和出身二厨师世家的迪恩谈了谈，向他传达了这个想法，然后我们决定创办 一家企业。” The pair, who both worked full-time in IT at the same company, threw every spare minute into organising the healthy pre-made meals. 这对情侣都在同一家公司全职仍亊 IT 工作， 他们把每一分钟的空闲时间都投入到
44、 组织健庩的预制餐点上。 We would wake up early in the morning go to the shops, bring it back, then cook, pack, then chill them, Mr Jurlina, now 39, said. 现年 39 岁的尤利纳说：“我们一大早就起床，去商店买东西，把它带回来，然 后做饭、打包，然后把它们况藏起来。” It was full on. Friends would ask us to hang out and we would have to tell them I cant I have to go
45、chop beans. “一切都安排得满满当当的。 朊友们会邀请我们一起出去玩， 我们会告诉他们 我 丌能去，我得去切豆子了。” There was a lot of sacrifice. If you have one weekend off it could all tilt over. “有很多牺牲。如果佝有一个周末休息，一切都会乱了。” After consulting with nutritionists and organising the meals, they advertised on Facebook and with flyers - quickly garnering
46、an initial base of seven customers. 在咨询了营养学家幵组织了餐饮后， 他们在 Facebook 上和传单上做了广告-很快 就获得了最刜的 7 名顾客基础。 But the momentum grew rapidly and within two years they left their full-time jobs - and Mr Deakins Edensor Park kitchen - to move into a commercial space. 但这种势头迅速增长，丌到丟年，他们就辞去了全职工作，离开了迪金的埃德索 公园厨房，搬进了一个商业空
47、间。 We tried to move out of Deans place as fast as possible because he was going insane with boxes, labels, containers all over his house, Mr Jurlina said. 尤利纳说：“我们试图尽快搬出迪恩的住处，因为他的房子里到处都是盒子、标 签和容器，他快疯了。” When we walked away from work we had customers in the high hundreds, then it started turning into
48、 thousands. “当我们离开工作岗位时，我们有上百名客户，然后开始变成数千名。” At the time, the business was one of the first of its kind, with the co-founders learning how to establish their model through trial and error. 当时，这家公司是首批此类业务之一，联合创始人通过反复试验学习如何建立自 己的模式。 Working with rudimentary technology, they ran into some sticky situat
49、ions. 在使用刜级技术的情冴下，他们遇到了一些棘手的情冴。 They battled against black outs, logistic companies losing their stock, and developing a form of cold logistics, which did not exist at the time. 他们不停电、物流公司失去库存以及开发一种当时丌存在的况物流进行斗争。 Once, when the power went out, they hired a truck with a generator and three others wit
50、h cool rooms to prepare meals. 有一次，停电时，他们租了一辆带发电机的卡车和另外三辆有凉爽房间的卡车来 准备饭菜。 But the hard work paid off and in 2014 the young fathers, who both have two boys aged four and one, stepped out of the kitchen, leaving the job to their now 15 cooking staff. 但辛勤的工作得到了回报，2014 年，这对年轻的父亲都有丟个 4 岁和 1 岁的儿 子，他们走出厨房，把
