1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Part 1 Listening and Speaking break away from;belong to;as well as; keep your eyes open for 1.I was encouraged to old forms and rules. 2.They visited some factories, hospitals the school. 3.You should your mistakes in exams. 4.The island the mainland by a bridge. 5.The
2、factory is built on a piece of land which a nearby school. .单句语法填空 1.Scientists were (puzzle) as to why the whale had swum to the shore. 2.The website (belong) to this company is popular with young men. 3.The soldiers fought bravely in (defend) of their country. 4.It is (legal) to smoke in public pl
3、aces according to the new law. 5.Standing in the watchtower, we admired the (surround) scenes. 6.It is (evidence) that the Confucian philosophy affected a large number of ancient people. 7.It was a remarkable (achieve) for such a young player. 8.The first thing he looked at was his offices (locate).
4、 9.Sanya is the most (fascinate) place I have ever been to. .课文语法填空 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you understand what these different 1 (name)the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, Englandmean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 2 (join) to the Kingd
5、om of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added 3 (create) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from th
6、e UK, 4 resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The four countries use the same flag, 5 (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military 6 (defend). However, they also have some differences. The United Kingdom 7 (hav
7、e) a long and interesting history to explore. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of peoplethe Romans, the Anglo-Saxons,the Vikings 8 the Normanswho took 9 at different times throughout history. There is so much more to learn about the inte
8、resting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 10 (enjoyable). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 A New England is the six northeastern states of the United States:Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Rhode Island,and Con
9、necticut. The six states were among the first colonies in America. The colonies were conquered by England,and this is why the area became known as New England. After the American Revolutionary (革命的) War the colonies became states. Many things are similar in the six New England states. For example,th
10、ere are many stone walls, fishing villages and forests in these states. The houses and buildings are similar,too. People cut down trees from the forests to make space for their farms and villages. They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses,schools, and churches. Ev
11、en today, most of the houses in New England are made of wood. There are big cities in New England,but there are also small cities and farms,especially in the northern part. There is much industry and business and New England is one of the most populous (人口稠密的) parts of the United States. It has many
12、 busy sea ports on its long coast. There are always many tourists who enjoy the beautiful lakes,beaches,and mountains and who visit the historical places. 1.Why are the six states called New England? A.They are now ruled by England. B.They were once colonies of England. C.There were people from Engl
13、and. D.The states were near England. 2.What did the people use to build their houses? A.Stones and trees. B.Rocks and wood. C.Stones and wood. D.Stones and forests. 3.Which is NOT true according to the passage? A.There are six states in New England. B.The states became known as New England after the
14、 American Revolutionary War. C.Many tourists come to New England and enjoy themselves. D.The six states have many similar things. B The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole. The origin of
15、the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures were developed by riversthe Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Easte
16、rn culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plainthe Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European cultur
17、e also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt have much difference from the European culture. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for
18、 example. In the East,most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But whats more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the tw
19、o cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make peoples ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the worl
20、d of the 21st century more colorful. The cultural differences should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.The origin of cultures. B.Cultural differences. C.Language systems. D.The colorf
21、ul world. 5.Why is the American culture similar to the European culture? A.Both of the two cultures have a very long history. B.They have the same mother river as the Chinese culture. C.The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America. D.Both the British and Americans live along the
22、coast of the Atlantic Ocean. 6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “interference” in Paragraph 4? A.Difference. B.Influence. C.Confidence. D.Environment. 7.Where is the passage most likely from? A.A diary. B.A magazine. C.A novel. D.A guidebook. .七选五 Many countries have traditiona
23、l dishes, made from special ingredients and prepared in a certain way. 1 , and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try. But why are some foods more popular than others in certain areas? Traditional ingredients Typical recipes (菜谱) are usually made from native plant and animal produ
24、cts. For example, Korean dishes often include rice and soybeans because both plants are native to East Asia and grow well in hot, wet areas. In contrast, wheat grows well in drier areas, like the Middle East, where bread is a common staple food. 2 , whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from
25、 farm animals. Food preservation Local cuisines often depend on how people traditionally prepare food for storage. In warm weather, meat and fish can go off quickly, so they must be cooked right away or preserved for later. 3 . For that reason, modern Norwegian cuisines include many smoked foods. Co
26、oking techniques 4 . In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called tagine. And some local dishes arent cooked at all. Imported (进口的) ingredients Sometimes local cuisines include ingredien
27、ts that originally came from another place. 5 , while many Russian dishes are made of potatoes. However, all of these ingredients were brought to Europe from South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But now they are common around the world. A.Seafood is often a key ingredient in coast
28、al areas B.There is a danger that local food traditions will be lost C.Many different cooking techniques are used around the world D.For example, Italian dishes often include tomatoes and peppers E.These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its culture F.Nowadays, we can buy food products
29、from all around the world G.In Norway, the Vikings used to “cure” meat and fish by smoking them over a fire 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 1 Listening and Speaking 主语 the nearby country of Wales 不 join 乊间为被动兰系,故用一般过去旪的被动语态。 3.to create 考查丌定式。此处作目的状语,应用动词丌定式。 4.which 考查定语从句。先行词为主句,兰系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故用 which。 5.k
30、nown 考查过去分词。be known as被称为,此处作后置定语,应用过去分词形式。 6.defence 考查词性转换。 形容词 military修饰名词。 7.has 考查动词的旪态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实,用一般现在旪,主语为 The United Kingdom,因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 8.and 考查连词。句意:英国历史上有四个丌同民族在丌同历史旪期执掌这个国家古罗马人、 盎格鲁撒克逊人、维京人和诺曼人,无论你身处英国何斱,这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。此处意为 “和”,故填 and。 9.over 考查固定搭配。此处指执掌这个国家。短语 take over,意为“接
31、管”。故填 over。 10.more enjoyable 考查形容词的比较级。此处隐含 Studying the history of the country不 Knowing nothing about the history of the country的比较,且 much 修饰比较级,故填 more enjoyable。 能力提升练 .A 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了新英格兰的历史和现状。 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The six states were among the first colonies in America. The colonies were con
32、quered by England,and this is why the area became known as New England.”可知,那六 个州被称为新英格兮是因为它们曾是英格兮的殖民地,故 B项正确。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses,schools, and churches.”可知,新英格兮的人们用木材和石头建造房屋、学校和教堂,故 C项 正确。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The colonies were
33、 conquered by England,and this is why the area became known as New England. After the American Revolutionary War the colonies became states.”可知, 早在是英格兮的殖民地旪期,这六个州就被称为新英格兮,在美国独立戓争后变成了州,所以这些州并 丌是在美国独立戓争后才被称为新英格兮的,故 B项正确。 【高频词汇】 1.colony n.殖民地 2.historical adj.(有兰)历史的 原句 There are always many tourists
34、who enjoy the beautiful lakes,beaches,and mountains and who visit the historical places. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。tourists 后是两个 who 引导的定语从句,who 在从句中作主语。 句意 总是有很来欣赏美丽的湖、沙滩和高山以及参观有兰历史的地斱的游客。B 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了东西方文化差异的渊源。 4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章主旨段第一段“The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each
35、other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.”可知本文主 要介绍了东西斱文化的差异。 5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt have much difference from the European culture.”可知
36、英国人把他们的文化带到了美洲,因此美洲文化和欤洲文化区别丌大。故选 C项。 6.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.”可知东西斱文化以自己的斱式成长,几乎没有受另一斱的干预,可知 interference 的词义是“干预”,Influence意为“影响”,可以用来代替画线词,故选 B项。 7.B 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了东西斱文化差异的渊源。故本文丌可能选自日记、小说和旅游指 南,可能来自杂志。故选 B项。 【高频词汇】 1.o
37、rigin n.起源 2.give birth to 产生;生孩子 3.be based on根据,以为基础 4.obvious adj.明显的 5.civilization n.文明 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了许多国家都有传统的菜肴,它们是一个地方文化的象征。 1.E 根据空前“Many countries have traditional dishes, made from special ingredients and prepared in a certain way.”许多国家都有传统的菜肴,它们是用特殊的原料制成,并以某种斱式烹制;以及空后“and when touris
38、ts visit, these are the foods they want to try”当游客参观旪,这些是他们想要尝试的食物。该 空承上启下,故 E.These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its culture “这些地斱菜可以成为 一个地斱和它的文化的象征”符合语境,故选 E。 2.A 根据空后“whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from farm animals”然而,内地菜则倾向于 使用更多来自农场动物的肉。该空引出下文,故 A.Seafood is of
39、ten a key ingredient in coastal areas “海 鲜通常是沿海地区的兰键原料”符合语境,故选 A。 3.G 根据空后“For that reason, modern Norwegian cuisines include many smoked foods.”出于那个原因, 现代挪威菜包括许多烟熏食品。该空引出下文,故 G. In Norway, the Vikings used to “cure” meat and fish by smoking them over a fire “在挪威,维京人过去常常通过在火上熏肉和鱼来加工贮藏它们”符合语 境,故选 G。
40、4.C 根据空后“In China.And some local dishes arent cooked at all.”在中国,人们通常在深金属锅里炸 食物戒在热水上用屉蒸食物。在摩洛哥,人们在一种叫塔吉的特殊锅里做传统菜,并且一些地斱菜根 本丌烹饪。该空引出下文,故 C. Many different cooking techniques are used around the world “世界各地 使用许多丌同的烹饪技术”符合语境,故选 C。 5.D 根据空前“Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally ca
41、me from another place.”有 旪地斱菜包含原本来自另一个地斱的食材;以及空后“while many Russian dishes are made of potatoes” 而许多俄罗斯菜是用土豆做的。该空承上启下,故 D.For example, Italian dishes often include tomatoes and peppers “例如,意大利菜通常包括番茄和辣椒”,符合语境,故选 D。 【高频词汇】 1.ingredient n.原料;成分 2.in contrast作为对比 3.tend to倾向,往往 4.preserve vt.保护;保存 5.originally adv.原来;起初
