1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 主干图解主干图解 探究发现探究发现 1Everybody was shocked at the news. 2Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Given better attention, the trees could grow better. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in spa
2、ce to imitate the pull of the earths gravity. 3Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its
3、 efficiency. 4When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you.” The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. 我的发现我的发现 (1)句句 1 中的过去分词中的过去分词 shocked 作表语。作表语。 (2)作状语用的过去分词作状语用的过去分词(短语短语)和句子的主语之间为逻辑和句子的主语之间为逻辑 上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 (3)第二组句子中的过去
4、分词第二组句子中的过去分词(短语短语)分别在句子中作： 原分别在句子中作： 原 因状语；条件状语；伴随情况或方式因状语；条件状语；伴随情况或方式状语。状语。 (4)比较第三组句子可知， 作状语用的过去分词比较第三组句子可知， 作状语用的过去分词(短语短语)可以可以 转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。 (5)从第四组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或从第四组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或 让步的状语，可用“从属连词过去分词”结构。可用于该结让步的状语，可用“从属连词过去分词”结构。可用于该结 构中的从属连词有：构中的从属连词有： when, once, wh
5、ile, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although 等。等。 新知突破新知突破 1Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness. 尽管演出后不久亨利就逐渐失明，但他仍然有能力作曲，他发尽管演出后不久亨利就逐渐失明，
6、但他仍然有能力作曲，他发 现创作音乐是一种对自己疾现创作音乐是一种对自己疾 病的缓解和治疗。病的缓解和治疗。 relief n(焦虑、痛苦的焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；减轻痛苦的事物；减轻或消除；减轻痛苦的事物；(不不 快过后的快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱宽慰、轻松或解脱 (1)in relief 如释重负如释重负 with relief 宽慰地宽慰地 to ones relief 令某人感到欣慰的是令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是一种解脱做某事是一种解脱 (2)relieve vt. 救出；解脱；使脱离救出；解脱；使脱离 relieve sb. o
7、f . 解除某人的解除某人的 It was a great relief to find that my family were all safe. 发现我的家人都安然无恙是一个极大的欣慰发现我的家人都安然无恙是一个极大的欣慰。 I smiled in_relief after I heard my son had been admitted into Tsinghua University. 听说我的儿子被清华大学录取了听说我的儿子被清华大学录取了，我如释重负地笑了我如释重负地笑了。 To_her_relief,_her younger brother recovered quickly a
8、fter operation. 让她感到欣慰的是让她感到欣慰的是，她弟弟手术后恢复得很快她弟弟手术后恢复得很快。 Take the medicine, and you will be relieved_of_your_pain. 吃了这些药吃了这些药，你就会减轻痛苦的你就会减轻痛苦的。 cure nC药物；治疗；痊愈；药物；治疗；痊愈；(解解决问题、改善糟糕情况的决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施；疗法措施；疗法 vt.治愈；治愈； 治好治好(疾病疾病)；解决；解决(问题问题)；改掉；改掉(坏习惯坏习惯) a cure for . (疾病疾病)的治疗方法；的治疗方法；(问题问题)的的 解决方法解决方
9、法 cure sb. of . 治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯 Finding a cure for cancer is one of the biggest challenges faced by medical researchers. 寻找癌症的医治方法是医学研究者们所面临的最大挑战之一寻找癌症的医治方法是医学研究者们所面临的最大挑战之一。 The tutor took the young boy in hand and soon cured_him_of his idleness. 这个家庭教师负责管教这个少年这个家庭教师负责管教这个少年，并且很快就改正了
10、他的懒惰的习气并且很快就改正了他的懒惰的习气。 Due to the development of modern medical technology, doctors are now able to cure_people_of_many_disease which in former times would have killed them. 由于现代医疗技术的发展由于现代医疗技术的发展，医生现在能够治愈过去的许多不治之症医生现在能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。 联想发散联想发散 常见的“动词常见的“动词sb. of sth.sb. of sth.”结构还有：”结构还有： remind sb.
11、 of sth.remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事提醒某人某事 warn sb. of sth. warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth. rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物抢劫某人某物 inform sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事通知某人某事 cheat sb. of sth. cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事欺骗某人某事 2When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could
12、“see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时， 他觉得自己仿佛能 “看到”当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时， 他觉得自己仿佛能 “看到” 周围世界的美，就像他以前周围世界的美，就像他以前(所看所看到的到的)一样。一样。 absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 absorb .from . 从中吸收 absorb . into . 把吸收入 absorb oneself inbe absorbed in 被吸引住；专心致志 Plants absorb carbon diox
13、ide from air and moisture from the soil. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。 The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入这座城市四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。 (2015 福建高考书面表达福建高考书面表达)一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中 透过来透过来，他正在专心致志地读书他正在专心致志地读书。(一句多译一句多译) A weak ray of light came in throug
14、h a small hole in the wall and he_absorbed_himself_in_his_reading. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading. 名师点津名师点津 be absbe absorbed in (doing) sth.orbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状结构在句中作状 语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式 absorbed in .absorbed in .。
15、类似的。类似的 结构还有：结构还有： be lost in .be lost in . 陷入；专心致志于陷入；专心致志于 be caught in . be caught in . 被困在被困在 be buried in . be buried in . 埋头于埋头于 be devoted to . be devoted to . 致力于；专心于致力于；专心于 3Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. 充满了团队精神，他们作为一个整体，总是追求荣誉。充满了团队精神，他们作为一个整体，总是追求荣
16、誉。 aim n目的；目标 vt.&vi.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt. 目的是；旨 在 (1)achieve ones aim 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标 take aim at 向开火；批评 without aim 漫无目的地 with the aim of 以为目标；意在/旨在 (2)aim at/for 针对；瞄准；目的在于针对；瞄准；目的在于 aim sth. at sb./sth. 使某物朝向使某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物瞄准某人或某物 aim to do sth. 意欲意欲/企图企图/旨在做某事旨在做某事 aim at doing sth. be aimed at doing
17、sth. 意欲意欲/企图企图/旨在做某事旨在做某事 (3)aimless adj. 漫无目的的漫无目的的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地漫无目的地 (2019 北京高考北京高考)All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 我们所有项目旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展我们所有项目旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。 I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible. 我在这儿的目的是尽可能做好我在这儿的目的是尽可能做好。 Jan
18、e moved aimlessly (aim) down the street, not knowing where she was heading. 简漫无目的地沿着街道走着简漫无目的地沿着街道走着，不知道她要去哪里不知道她要去哪里。 (2019 全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)I am writing aiming_at_applying_for the chance to become a volunteer. 我写信的目的是申请一个成为志愿者的机会我写信的目的是申请一个成为志愿者的机会。 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。(一句多译一句多译) This
19、_activity_is_aimed_at_improving the students ability of listening and speaking. (aimed) The_aim_of_this_activity_is_to_improve the students ability of listening and speaking. (aim n) 一、过去分词作表语一、过去分词作表语 1 过去分词作表语时过去分词作表语时， 总是在连系动词总是在连系动词， 如如 be, appear, seem, look, remain, feel, get 等之后等之后，构成系表结构构成系表
20、结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受表示主语所处的状态或感受，主语多为主语多为 人人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成动宾关系分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成动宾关系。 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山这座城市三面环山。 She looked disappointed at the bad news. 听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the vol
21、canic ash cloud. 由于火山灰的原因由于火山灰的原因，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。 2 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语表示主语的 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语表示主语的 状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。 This lake is badly polluted. 这个湖受到了严重污染。这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构，表示状态系表结构，表示状态) This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill. 这个湖被一家造纸厂严
22、重污染了。这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构，表示动作被动结构，表示动作) This book is well written. 这本书写得很好。这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示状态系表结构，表示状态) This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构，表示动作被动结构，表示动作) 即时训练即时训练 1 (1) 补全句子补全句子 For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in stayin
23、g_connected. 对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重 要要。 While waiting for the opportunity to_get_promoted,_Henry did his best to perform his duty. 当等待机会被提升的时候当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责亨利尽力履行好他的职责。 We are_all_interested_in what has been performed. 我们对表演的节目很感兴趣我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。 The c
24、up was_broken_by Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的杯子是吉姆打破的。 二、过去分词二、过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 (一一)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语的类型作状语的类型 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语，可以表示时间可以表示时间、让步让步、条件条件、原因原因、 方式和结果方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且且 与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1作时间状语作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词“when, wh
25、ile, until”等等，使其时间意义更明确使其时间意义更明确。 When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的观点时当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意 义义。 2作原因状语作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列句相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.
26、Because John was absorbed in painting, he didnt notice evening approaching. John was absorbed in painting, so he didnt notice evening approaching. 由于专心画画由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3作条件状语作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句，可加连词可加连词 if, unless 等转换成条件状等转换成条件状 语从句语从句。 Used with care, one tin will last for
27、six weeks. If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以使用六周一罐可以使用六周。 4作让步状语作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句相当于让步状语从句。有时可加有时可加 although, though, even if, even though, whether . or 等连词转换成让步状语从句等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. Although he was defeated
28、 by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望但是他从没放弃希望。 5作方式、伴随状语作方式、伴随状语 相当于相当于 and 连接的并列句连接的并列句。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved. She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了礼物她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了深深地被感动了。 名师点津名师点津 有些过去分词有些过去分词(短语短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语因来源于系表结构，作状语 时不强调被动而重在描
29、述主语的状态。 这样的过去分词时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。 这样的过去分词(短语短语) 常见的有：常见的有： lost (迷路迷路)； seated (坐坐)； hidden (躲躲)； lost/absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着穿着)；tired of (厌烦厌烦)。 Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 即时训练即时训练 2 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 (2019 北京高考北京高考)First celebrat
30、ed (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区地区) (2019江 苏 高 考江 苏 高 考 )Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded (surround) by his family. (2015 重庆高考重庆高考)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a foo
31、tball star. Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 即时训练即时训练 2 (2)句型转换句型转换(用过去分词作状语用过去分词作状语) When it is seen from the top of the hill, the tow
32、n looks more beautiful. Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful. Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry. If we were given more time, we could do it much better. Given_more_time,_we_could_do_it_mu
33、ch_better. The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_so me_workers. (二二)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语时的位置作状语时的位置 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作条件作条件、原因及时间状语时原因及时间状语时，通常放在句通常放在句 首首；作伴随作伴随、结果状语时结果状语时，通常放在句末通常放在句末；作方式状语时作方式
34、状语时，一一 般放在句末般放在句末， 有时也放在句首有时也放在句首； 作让步状语时作让步状语时， 一般放在句首一般放在句首， 有时也放在句末有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语原因状语) 被告知母亲生病了被告知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (三三)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)的独立
35、结构作状语的独立结构作状语 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语时作状语时，有时在分词有时在分词(短语短语)前加上自己前加上自己 的主语的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语短语)被称为过去分词被称为过去分词 (短语短语)的独立结构的独立结构。过去分词过去分词(短语短语)的独立结构在句中作状语的独立结构在句中作状语 时时，通常可表示时间通常可表示时间、原因原因、条件等条件等。 Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 很多时间
36、都坐在办公桌旁很多时间都坐在办公桌旁， 办公室职员一般都受到健康问办公室职员一般都受到健康问 题的困扰题的困扰。 即时训练即时训练 3 用独立主格结构作状语改写句子用独立主格结构作状语改写句子 After the lecture was given, a lively question- and- answer session followed. The_lecture_given,_a lively question- and- answer session followed. The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were
37、 shipped to foreign countries. The factory produced many famous cars, none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries. Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_he felt very happy. (四四)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与现在分词与现在分词(短语短语)作状语的区别作状语的区别 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑
38、上的动宾关系与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即即 表示被动表示被动；现在分词现在分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关 系系，即表示主动即表示主动。 助记助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用主动用- ing，被动用，被动用- ed。 Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间由于用了很长时间，这本书看这本
39、书看上去陈旧上去陈旧。 Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系主谓关系) 在使用这本书时在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用我发现它很有用。 名师点津名师点津 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须 和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主 格结构等其他表达形式。格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.() If caught, the thief will be pu
40、nished by the police.() If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.() 即时训练即时训练 4 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. Where is Jimmy? Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, absorbed (absorb) in his
41、video games. 品悟品悟语境中的语法语境中的语法 Song qingling， born on 27th January 1893 in Shanghai， one of the greatest leaders of China， was a well- known stateswoman. When she was young， she was much concerned about the future of China. Later she took part in many activities to fight for the freedom of Chinese pe
42、ople. After the foundation of the PRC， she was completely devoted to the development of new China and played an important part in many activities.,On 8th May 1981， she died in Beijing at the age of 88， which brought great sorrow to the Chinese people. Honored as one of the greatest woman of the 20th century， she is remembered by the Chinese people forever. 注：注： 1.bear 和和 Song qingling 之之间是被动关系，故用过去分词间是被动关系，故用过去分词 作状语。作状语。 2.Honor 和和 she 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。 “课时跟踪课时跟踪检测检测”见见“Unit 5 课时跟踪课时跟踪检测（三）检测（三）” ( (单击进入电子文档单击进入电子文档) ) 谢 谢 观 看
