1、1 / 12 2020-2021 学年北京市高三下学期综合能力测试英语试题 英 语 本试卷共 12 页，100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后， 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 Ask 3-year-old Wolfy about his future plans， and youll quickly discover this k
2、ids aspirations area lot more down to earth. His obsession? Garbage trucks and the men who drive and_1_them. Up until recently， due to a pandemic， Wolfy was spending most days at home. His favorite day of the week was Fridaytrash collection day， of course. Every Friday morning， Wolfy_2_waited for hi
3、s beloved garbage trucks to make their run up his street. Under his parents supervision， Wolfy became something of a _3_to the trash collectors. To Wolfy， these men are superheroes. Two of them， D. J. and Drew， became his particular pals， earning him and his trash team the nickname of the “Wolfpack.
4、” Wolfys parents knew they werent able to throw him a big birthday party._4_， they told him he could invite a couple of friends over for cake. Wolfys ideal guest list was obvious. “Drew and D. J. ! he_5_. On the morning of September 9， four bright green garbage trucks， horns honking， rolled their wa
5、y up the street to the delight of the ecstatic birthday boy and his stunned family. “The guys came_6_gitts， howling out their windows and took time to play with Wolfy， ”his mom posted to her Facebook page. “He even got to honk the horn! Does it get any better!?” The superheroes climbed down from the
6、ir trucks to celebrate Wolfys birthday. After they_7_the little boy with trash-related gifts， shared cake， and played with toy trucks， Wolfys garbage collecting heroes drove off to their other appointed rounds. Wolfys mom， more than a little impressed，_8_ her feelings， saying， “These are really kind
7、 gentle_9_who are full of positive， good energy. These men are ideal role models.” Theyre the next generation to come， so seeing them enthusiastic about something even as_10_as what we do in our everyday lives brings meaning and shows the importance of what everyone does in society. 1. A. clean B. l
8、oad C. repair D. collect 2. A. eagerly B. hesitantly C. patiently D. naturally 2 / 12 3. A. joy B. pity C. desire D. trouble 4. A. Besides B. Further C. Instead D. Otherwise 5. A. complained B. ordered C. rejected D. declared 6. A. arranging B. bearing C. enjoying D. advertising 7. A. amused B. equi
9、pped C. prepared D. showered 8. A. put up B. made up C. broke up D. summed up 9. A. souls B. leaders C. instructors D. colleagues 10. A. boring B. annoying C. simple D. significant 第二节 语法填空(共 10小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A A little girl ran t
10、o her bedroom and pulled out her piggy bank from a secret drawer in her closet. She_11_(break) the piggy bank， took the change and counted it cautiously. Three times， even. The total had to be exactly perfect as there shouldnt be any chance for mistake here. She_12_(careful) placed the coins in a ja
11、r， twisted on the cap and then slipped out of the back door. She made her way six blocks to a drug store. She waited patiently for the pharmacist_13_(give) her some attention but he was too busy attending other customers at that moment._14_ she tried several times to get his attention， she wasnt suc
12、cessful. B Chime bells， bin zhng， are the most majestic and holy ancient instrument in China. As a symbol of power， they_15_(use) for sacrificial ceremonies or other crucial ceremonies， Starting 3,500 years ago， bin zhng， were composed of bells_16_different scales. The bells are played by mallets(木槌
13、) and create the sounds of seven musical scales， much like the piano. Whats more amazing is that one bell can generate two notes when_17_(strike) at different spots. Its exquisite cast and pure sound revealed the high level of ancient Chinese civilization and wisdom. C In the paper Power Gets You Hi
14、gh by Gerben Van Kleef， he claims that high-power individuals tend to experience_18_(few) social restrictions and more resource-rich environments compared to their lower power counterparts. This means that people with a perceived high level of power are more likely to dismiss established social cons
15、tructs. Whether its intentional or not， high-power people place_19_(them) socially at a distance and tend to act on their own concepts，_20_they believe will help them gain control over valued resources 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 3
16、 / 12 Constantly regret spending too much time on your phone but just cannot stop? You are not alone. Here are five tips from Prof. Mark Griffiths， psychologist and behavioral addiction expert at Nottingham Trent University to help you live well with your phone. Step it down gradually The urge to ch
17、eck your phone can become reflexive and habitual. For some， going a few minutes without checking their phone is difficult. If this sounds like you， try to go 15 minutes without doing it. Once you realize this is possible， increase the length of time you avoid checking to 30 minutes， an hour， and the
18、n a few hours， or a day. Monitor usage Download an app that will tell you how much time youre spending online. This could make you aware of a problem the first step to a solution. Buy an alarm clock Dont use your phone as an alarm， or you might be tempted(诱惑) to check texts and emails last thing at
19、night and as soon as you wake up. Instead， ban phones from the bedroom. Designate bedtimes and mealtimes as smartphone-free zones. Consider buying a clock， so youre no longer tempted by emails and texts when you check the time. Spring clean your contacts How many online friends do you actually speak
20、 to? Reduce alerts and distractions by removing contacts on social networking sites， deleting unused apps， and unsubscribing from groups that offer little benefit. Consider deleting any games that are taking up a lot of your time. Learn to wait Be mindful of the benefits of not regularly checking yo
21、ur phone. People who react to messages as they arrive tend to write longer responses than those who wait and deal with them all as a block. Waiting will gain you time to spend on other activities. 21.According to the passage， which of the following can help ban phones from the bed mom? A. Monitoring
22、 usage. B. Using a clock. C. Cleaning contacts. D. Learning to wait. 22.It can be learnt from the passage that A. games take up more time than other apps B. reacting to messages in time is important C. people are often tempted to use cell phones D. people shouldnt check emails by cell phones 23.The
23、purpose of the article is to_. A. introduce ways to manage phone usages B. emphasize the harm of using cellphones C. persuade readers to get rid of cellphones 4 / 12 D. explain multiple functions of cellphones B Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at
24、 age 14.Granted， its a tough age for any teen， but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging. “It took me about eight months to regroup myself， ”she told TODAY， “and then I got it in my head， Okay， Im blind. Now what am I going to do with my life? A Long Island native
25、， Pagonis practically grew up in the water. Shed taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the sport with limited vision， an abusive team” atmosphere prompted her to quit competition. After months of therapy， however， the persistent
26、 teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasnt enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete. Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to train the blind girl， ”she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA.“I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was wil
27、ling to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim. By the age of 16， Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor， taking two gold medals at the World Para Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive
28、outlook might be a boon(益 处) to others， she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help， ”Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying， “Wow! You really helped me get through bad things， or，I wa
29、s getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that， or， You let me know how much I was worth. Back in the water， Pagonis was truly in her element. “Its my happy place，” she told TODAY. “Its the place where I feel like I dont have a disability and I feel like thats the only place where I
30、feel free. When I dive in the water， its just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you dont try， you dont know. Always follow your dreams.” 24.What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition? A. She had to wear goggles
31、. B. It was hard to find her a coach C. Her skills werent useful in darkness. D. She couldnt do the freestyle anymore. 25.It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis_. A. stopped swimming for two years B. improved her vision by swimming C. helped many people through difficulties D. devoted hersel
32、f to fighting against bullies 5 / 12 26.What does the underlined phrase in her element mean? A. In a very good mood B. Full of Confusion. C. Confident of winning. D. Happy to be special. 27.What does the story mainly tell us? A. Team spirit is vital for winning- B. Role models make us who we are. C.
33、 A good teacher is the key to success. D. Disability does not limit ones success. C More often than I care to admit， Ill walk from one room to another with a clear vision in mind of whatever I need to do once I get there， but then I get there and cant remember why l started. The only thing that happ
34、ened between my first movement and my last is that I walked through a doorway. Surely that has nothing at all to do with forgetting something I knew just moments before， right? Wrong， says new research. As it turns out， walking through a doorway exerts an imperceptible influence on memory. In fact，
35、merely imagining walking through a doorway can zap (影响) memory， Researchers in the latest study took their cue from an earlier study showing that passing through a doorway seems to insert a mental divider into memory， Our brains record memories in segments， or episodes， rather than as a continuous e
36、vent. Walking through a doorway triggers memory segmentation， like a video editor inserting a momentary pause between scenes. Even more curious is that imagining walking through a doorway has a similar effect. The research team brought two groups of participants into a large mom， One group experienc
37、ed the room as a continuous space； the other walked through it after divider curtains were set up to simulate a doorway. The groups were then shown a picture of an unusually shaped object before closing their eyes and imagining walking across the room theyd seen earlier. The first group imagined the
38、 room as a big space with no physical dividers； the other imagined walking through the draped doorway. They were then asked to jog their memories and pick out the picture of the object from a set often images. As predicted， the group that imagined walking through a doorway performed significantly wo
39、rse on the memory lest than the other group. And this gets even weirder. If right now I started telling you a story about a boy and his dog， going on for a few paragraphs detailing all the things this boy and his dog do together， and then I suddenly inserted a phrase like “A few hours later.”do you
40、think your recall of what I just told you about the boy and his dog might be better or worse? Worse! Research has demonstrated that phrases which insert a temporal boundary between events in a narrative place the same sort of mental divider into memory as a doorway. What all of this tells us is that
41、 our brains operate with certain mechanical dynamics that we generally only glimpse when they hiccup. So the next time you cant remember why you walked from one room to another， dont be alarmed. Just remind yourself that your brain simply misconstrued instructions from your environment and thought t
42、hat doorway meant you needed a memory divider. 28.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Research subjects. B. Research findings. 6 / 12 C. Research process. D. Research significance. 29.It can he learnt from the passage that_. A. an imaginary doorway harms the brain B. certain verbal language influen
43、ces memory C. brains record memories as a continuous event. D. going back to a doorway helps regain I lost memory. 30.What is the passage mainly about? A. Approaches to improve memory. B. Factors that cause peoples memory loss. C. Ways to handle memory loss regarding doorways. D. Reasons why people
44、forget while entering a doorway. D Empathy can give purpose to our lives and truly comfort people in distress， hut it can also do great harm. While showing an empathetic response to the tragedy and trauma of others can be helpful， it can also， if misdirected， turn us into what Professor James Dawes
45、has called “emotional parasites.” Empathy can make people angryperhaps dangerously soif they mistakenly perceive that another person is threatening a person they care for. For example， while at a public gathering， you notice a heavyset， casually dressed man who you think is “staring” at your pre-tee
46、nage daughter. While the man has remained expressionless and has not moved from his spot， your empathetic understanding of what he “might” be thinking of doing to your daughter drives you into a state of rage. While there was nothing in the mans expression or body language that should have led you t
47、o believe he intended to harm your daughter， your empathetic understanding of what was Probably “going on inside his head took you there， Danish family therapist Jesper Juul has referred to empathy and aggression(攻击性) as “existential twins.” For years， psychologists have reported cases of overly emp
48、athetic patients endangering the well-being of themselves and their families by giving away their life savings to random needy individuals. Such overly empathetic people who feel they are somehow responsible for the distress of others have developed an empathy-based guilt. The better-known condition
49、 of “survivor guilt” is a form of empathy-based guilt in which an empathetic person incorrectly feels that his or her own happiness has come at the cost or may have even caused another persons misery. According to psychologist Lynn OConnor， persons who regularly act out of empathy-based guilt， tend to develop mild depression in later-life. Psychologists warn that empathy should never be confused with love. While love can make any relationship-good or badbetter， empathy cannot and can ev
