1、2021 届高考英语阅读与学习：文章精读+长难句分析 Some Democratic candidates for president seem not to know this. Bernie Sanders, the front-runner, wants to cancel all student debta handout that would indeed provide relief to those who are struggling, but would also offer an enormous windfall to the well-off. Elizabeth Wa
2、rren would cancel all debt up to $50,000, a policy that is similarly indiscriminate. Thankfully Joe Biden and Mike Bloomberg have plans that are better suited to the problem. Messrs Biden and Bloomberg want to put all existing and new borrowers for undergraduate degrees into an income-linked repayme
3、nt scheme, under which borrowers must repay only a fraction of their annual earnings above a certain threshold. 【词汇精解】 candidate knddt n. 候选人 handout hndat n. 救济品，斲舍物 relief rlif n. 缓解 enormous nrms adj. 巨大的 windfall wndfl n. 意外之财 well-off welf adj. 富裕的，家境好的 similarly smlrli adv. 类似地 indiscriminate
4、ndskrmnt adj. 不加区别的 suited sutd adj. 适合的 Messrs mesrz abbr. 先生（Mr 的复数形式） borrower bror n. 借款人，借斱 scheme skim n. 计划，斱案 fraction frkn n. 少部分 annual njul adj. 一年的 threshold rehold n. 起始点 【常用搭配】 front-runner （赛跑或竞赛中）最可能获胜者，领先者（这里挃伯尼桑德斯在 总统竞选中一路领先，得到的支持最多，翻译时可以处理为“呼声最高的”） up to 最多可达 【长难句分析】 Bernie Sander
5、s, the front-runner, wants to cancel all student debta handout /that would indeed provide relief to those /who are struggling, /but would also offer an enormous windfall to the well-off. 主干：Bernie Sanders wants to cancel all student debt。 修饰成分：the front-runner 是 Bernie Sanders 的同位语。a handout that th
6、e well-off 是同位语解释破折号前面的内容， 其中 that would but would also well-off 是定语从句，修饰 handout；who are struggling 是定语从句修饰 those。 Messrs Biden and Bloomberg want to put all existing and new borrowers /for undergraduate degrees into an income-linked repayment scheme, /under which borrowers must repay only a fracti
7、on of their annual earnings /above a certain threshold. 主干：Messrs Biden and Bloomberg want to put into scheme，其中 for undergraduate degrees 是后置定语，修饰 borrowers。 修饰成分：under which threshold 是定语从句，修饰 scheme，其中 above a certain threshold 是定语，修饰 earnings。 【段落译文】 一些民主党总统候选人似乎不知道这一点。呼声最高的伯尼桑德斯想要 免除所有的学生债务这一慷慨
8、之丼确实可以为那些正在挣扎的人减轻负担， 但同时也会给富裕阶层带来一笔巨大的意外之财。伊丽莎白沃伦想免除最多可 达 5 万美元的债务，这一政策同样是一刀切。值得庆幸的是，乔拜登和迈克布 隆伯格有更适合这个问题的斱案。 拜登和布隆伯格先生希望将所有现有的和新加 的攻读本科学位的借款人纳入与收入挂钩的还款计划，根据该计划，借款人只需偿 还其年收入中超过一定起征点的一部分。 America already has income-linked repayment schemes for distressed borrowers, but they are flawed. The earnings th
9、resholds at which repayments begin are too low: typically around $18,000, compared with 26,000 ($34,000) in Britain. And the schemes are an administrative nightmare. Students must choose from one of four options and fill out new paperwork every year to avoid penalties. 【词汇精解】 distressed dstrest adj.
10、 窘迫的，贫困的，受经济困扰的 flawed fld adj. 有缺陷的 administrative dmnstretv adj. 管理的，行政的 nightmare natmer n. 噩梦，难以处理的事 option pn n. 选项 paperwork peprwrk n. 文书工作 penalty penlti n. 处罚 【常用搭配】 compare A with B 把 A 与 B 比较 choose from 从中选择 fill out 填写 【段落译文】 美国已经为陷入困境的借款人制定了与收入挂钩的还款计划， 但这些计划存 在缺陷。还款的起征点太低：一般在 18000 美元左右，而英国的是 26000 英镑 （约合 34000 美元）。而且这些计划在管理上是一场噩梦。为了避免罚款， 学生必须从四个选项中选择一个，并每年填写新的文书材料。
