1、1 上海上海杨浦区杨浦区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 上海市杨浦区上海市杨浦区2020届高三二模英语试题届高三二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
2、one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） For almost 500 years, people have wondered what deadly disease wiped out most of the Aztecs (阿芝特克人） . The locals called it cocolizthi, and now a team of scientists think they know exactly what that was. The
3、outbreak is considered to be one of the deadliest epidemics (传染病） in human history. For centuries, its cause has been debated by historians. New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmonella enterica. An international team of scientists came to this conclusion afte
4、r analysing the skeletons (骨骼) of 29 Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery in the Oaxaca region of Mexico. The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica can cau
5、se enteric fever, of which typhoid (伤寒）is a type. Today, there are around 21 million cases of typhoid worldwide and it is considered a global threat. The Aztecs were fierce hunter-gatherers who settled in what is now Mexico at the beginning of the 13th century. From their incredible capital city Ten
6、ochtitlan(now Mexico City),the Aztecs fought wars with other tribes until they ruled much of the region. The Aztecs ended up controlling large parts of Mesoamerica-now much of Mexico and Central America-until Spanish explorers arrived in 1519 and brought with them advanced weapons and deadly disease
7、s. The team believe that the domesticated animals such as goats and horses, which the explorers brought with them carried the deadly bacteria. 2 By 1545,not even 30 years after the Spanish had arrived, Mexicos Aztec nation started coming down with a terrible illness. Symptoms included high fever, he
8、adaches and bleeding from the eyes, nose and mouth. Within five years, up to 15 million people-more than 80%of the population at the time-had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli. The Aztec people had no immunity (免疫) to fight the disease. We cannot say with certainty that salmonella
9、 enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic, said Kirsten Bos from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany. We do believe that it should be considered a strong candidate. 36. Which helped the scientists come to the conclusion. A. Certain traces of deadly diseases c
10、arried by goats and horses B. Extensive comparison of Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery C. Definite discoveries of infected tooth samples from the database D. Small amounts of certain bacteria in the teeth of the skeletons 37. Which of the following is TRUE about the Aztecs? A. They had a popul
11、ation of about 15 million around 1545. B. Their livelihood depended on raising domesticated animals. C. Their population dropped sharply in the middle 16th century. D. They won the wars with the Spanish despite being poorly equipped. 38. The underlined word it in the last paragraph refers to_ A. coc
12、olizti epidemic B. salmonella enterica C. the typhoid D. the Max Planck Institute 39. The passage is mainly about A. how the Aztecs got infected with salmonella enterica B. why the Aztecs had no immunity to fight typhoid 3 C. which reason caused the Aztecs to abandon their native land D. what led to
13、 the military and economic decline of the Aztecs 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。关于阿兹特克人当年因为何种疾病而出现大面积死亡一直是众说纷纭，最近的研究表明 这似乎与沙门氏菌有着极大的关联。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of bacteria a
14、nd found traces of salmonella enterica.可知，科研人员从阿兹特 克人的骨骼上采样，通过比对发现了沙门氏菌存活的痕迹，就是据此做出了推断。故选 D 项。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段By 1545Within five years, up to 15 million people-more than 80%of the population at the time-had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli.可知，1545 年开始到其后 5 年，也就是 16 世纪中叶，超过 8
15、0%的阿兹特克人都被疾病夺走了性命，人口数量急剧下降。故选 C 项。 【38 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段引用的原话We cannot say with certainty that salmonella enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic可知，研究人员虽然不能确定沙门氏菌就是当年流行病的罪魁祸首，但它应该是一 个有力的候选者，显然这里的 it就指代沙门氏菌。故选 B项。 【39 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a typ
16、e of bacteria called salmonella enterica.可知， 本文主要讲述新的研究表明沙门氏菌可能才是导致阿兹特克人大量死亡的原因， 围绕发现的证据详述了阿兹特克族群出现疾病流行的经过，A 选项阿兹特克人是如何感染沙门氏菌的能 够反映文章主要内容，符合主题。故选 A项。 4 【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，要求考生准确理解文中某些关键单词或词组的含义， 包括对超纲词义的推断以及熟词生义的猜测，需要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的含义。猜测词义的方法 一般有以下几种：1.通过构词法（派生、合成、转化）猜测。2.通过已有的同义词或反义词猜测，即在上 下文找出该
17、生词的其他表示方法，由此推断其含义。3.通过同位语猜测。4.通过解释性的词语，如 that is， that is to say，in other words 等，以及标点符号，如破折号、括号等引出的对该词的解释性词、句猜测。5. 通过具体语境中体现出来的某种关系， 如因果关系、 转折关系等进行猜测。 第 3小题属于指代猜测的类型， 一般要从上文中找寻指代对象，这里的逻辑结构是比较清楚的，引用研究人员的话，就是围绕着沙门氏菌 与结论的联系而进行叙述，显然 it指代的就是前文中的 salmonella enterica，即可得出正确答案。 （B） 5 40. By using the app r
18、eleased by SOLEIF, people can A. watch a video about the statues history B. appreciate the exhibits in the museum C. view the statue from different angles D. see a life-size model of the statue 41. Where can we find both apps and popular videos? A. B. C. Apples iPad D. SOLELF 6 42. The following wor
19、ds can be used to describe the Xploro app EXCEPT A. entertaining B. interactive C. informative D. sensitive 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章选取了网页上的一个专栏，介绍了几种不同功用的手机应用和网站。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 New Yorks Statue of Liberty goes AR 部分的It uses augmented-reality(AR)technology to bring the famous statue
20、to wherever you are.可知，SOLEIF开发的这个 app能让用户实时参观自由女神像。 故选 C项。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。在提供考拉视频的 Get the Lowdown for Koalas 部分和介绍 app 的 New Yorks Statue of Liberty goes AR部分都给出了 这个链接，可见这个网站是既能提供 app下载也能观看热门视频的。故 选 A 项。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 App helps young people in hospital 部分的A new app is helping young hospital pa
21、tients to understand more about their treatment， using games， augmented-reality(AR)technology and a chatbot that answers their questions.可知， 这个手机应用能介绍治疗的相关信息 （符合 informative） ， 提供游戏 （符合 entertaining） ， 有聊天机器人（符合 interactive） 。故选 D项。 （C） American writer A.N.DEVERS was at a rare-book fair in New York
22、City in 2015 when she noticed a Joan 7 Didion title selling for just $25. Then she saw the price tag of a novel by the equally famous Cormac McCarthy: about $600. I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens, Devers says. Its depressing. But its also exciting, because I can do someth
23、ing about it. Three years later, after moving to London and joining the U.K.s booming rare-book trade, Devers opened the red doors of her new bookstore, the Second Shelf. Located in a quiet courtyard off the busy streets of Londons Soho, the store almost exclusively stocks rare books by women (along
24、side a handful of male-authored books about women). The focus is modern fiction: Elizabeth Bowen novels, romances by Rosamunde Pilcher, poetry by Ntozake Shange. Devers skill for finding overlooked jewels was polished during a childhood of Visits to yard sales in towns across the U.S., a result of h
25、er familys following her fathers Air Force job. Some of her most sought-after recent finds were works by Miriam Tlali, the first black woman to publish a novel in South Africa. Devers hit on her 1975 debut in a charity store and quickly sourced and sold 15 more Tlali books. In collecting these works
26、, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed womens literary achievements to be eclipsed. Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intell
27、igence, Devers says. She argues that theyve been like their peers in other male-led creative industries including television, film and the news media in that they focus on themselves. That past contributes to a plain absence of womens work among the books considered to be valuable cultural objects.
28、In January, the Second Shelf went viral (走红) on Twitter after Devers pointed out that only nine books by women appeared in a list, produced by a trade website, of the 500 biggest sales at auction in the books-and-paper field last year. Even among more recently published works, a 2018 study found, ti
29、tles by women are on average priced 45% lower than books by men. In recent years, calls have gone out to read only books by women for a year and for universities to expand their curriculums. The observance of Womens History Month in the U.S. has also made March a time for publishers to suggest fitti
30、ng reading lists. Devers shop is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation. Weve been taught to find value in something really narrow, she says. Its time to explore something different. 43. The first paragraph tells the readers _. 8 A. why Devers named her shop the Second
31、Shelf B. how Devers was exposed to rare book trade C. what motivated Devers to open the Second Shelf D. where Devers first came across womens literary works 44. The underlined word eclipse in the fourth paragraph means_. A. fully exposed B. partially concealed C. seriously treated D. roughly explain
32、ed 45. Which may explain the absence of the great literary works by women? A. The trade used to be dominated by men. B. Women writers ideas conflict with the bookdealers. C. Males tend to be productive in the creative industry. D. The majority of male readers dont read modern fiction. 46. What can b
33、e inferred from the passage? A. In recent years, university curriculums have emphasized books by women. B. Womens History Month has pushed women writers to be more productive. C. More physical bookstores like Devers are needed to change the situation. D. The Second Shelf is helping turn a page for w
34、omen in literature. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D 【解析】 9 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述 Devers 发现女性文学作品没有得到和男性作品同等的待遇， 决定为女性作 品做些事情。 【43 题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段中的I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens, Devers says. Its depressing. But its also exciting, because I can do something about it.可知，我意识到，我
35、们并不像重视 男性工作那样重视女性的工作， Devers 说。这是令人沮丧的。但这也很令人兴奋，因为我可以为此做些 什么。由此可见，第一段告诉读者是什么驱使 Devers 开设了 the Second Shelf。故选 C。 【44 题详解】 词句猜测题。分析本句可知，hat has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.在句子作定语， 对名词 a historical imbalance 进行修饰说明，a historical imbalance 表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种 不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，e
36、clipsed应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项 B，表 示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境。故选 B。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段的第二句 Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence,可知，书商一直倾向于是男性，许多的贸易早期资料被乡绅收集，他们经
37、营房地产并且积累了 一图书馆的书去显示他们的财富和智慧。由此可见，贸易过去常常被男性控制，导致了女性文学作品的缺 失。故选 A。 【46 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段的第一句 In collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.和最后一段的第三句 Devers shop is the physical site of that movement challeng
38、ing the current situation.可知，在收集这些作品的时候，书店 the Second Shelf 正 在纠正历史的不平衡，这个不平衡已经让女性文学成就变得黯然失色了。Devers 的书店是那场挑战现状的 运动的实质性地点。由此可见，Devers的书店 The Second Shelf一直在为女性文学的改变提供帮助。故选 D。 10 【点睛】词义猜测题解题技巧之一：利用定语从句的语法功能解题。定语从句是对句中某个名词进行修饰 说明， 我们可以通过对名词的理解或者定语从句的理解， 推测要猜测的词义。 如本小题 2， 分析本句可知， hat has allowed women
39、s literary achievements to be eclipsed.在句子是定语从句， 对名词 a historical imbalance 进行修饰说明，a historical imbalance 表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭 到不好的待遇，eclipsed 应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项 B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符 合语境，故选 B。 上海市杨浦区上海市杨浦区2019届高三二模英语试题届高三二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each pa
40、ssage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Life-changing Antique Navajo Blanket A California man and his fam
41、ily went from rags to riches after discovering that the blanket given to him by his grandmother was worth a small fortune. Loren Krylzer was living in a small hut and barely getting by on his disability payments. One day, he happened to be watching Antiques Roadshow on TV when he learned that the fo
42、rgotten old blanket in his closet might be valuable. The Krytzer family heirloom (传家宝) turned out to be an antique (古老的) Navajo weaving from the 19th century that fetched US$1.5 million at auction (拍卖会). Krytzers blanket was prized for much more than its antiquity. Among Native American tribes, the
43、Navajo are recognized as the most skillful weavers of blankets and rugs. The weaving style is characterized by vivid, varied patterns and exceptional durability. From shearing the sheep, spinning, preparing, and dyeing the wool to the actual weaving process, it takes around 345 hours to create one b
44、lanket. Women traditionally wove Navajo blankets while men built the weaving devices. To this day, Navajo people still make high quality blankets and rugs to sell. They believe that, since only God is perfect, their creations should have some imperfection. Another Navajo belief is that their souls a
45、re sewn into every weaving, so they intentionally include a hidden loose thread into each piece. This ensures that it isnt too perfect, and their souls can still escape into 11 the afterlife. The Krylzers also had a loose thread on their road to riches that allowed them to escape the trap of financi
46、al ruin. In an unfortunate twist, the familys life-changing windfall (意外之财) came with a huge tax bill from the government and a lot of imploring relatives. After taking a family vacation in Mexico, buying a new sports car and a couple of real estate purchases, Krytzer lost his disability payments an
47、d now gets big bills for property taxes and insurance instead. Ironically, the family decided to relocate to a less expensive state to save money. 56. How did the Krytzer family go from rags to riches? A. A family member purchased a winning lottery ticket. B. Loren was invited to have an interview o
48、n a TV show. C Lorens disability payments were unexpectedly increased. D. Loren auctioned off a blanket his grandmother gave him. 57. A loose thread woven in a Navajo blanket indicates that _. A. Gods creation is also imperfect B. people can exit from horrible situations C. its owner is sure to have
49、 an everlasting life D. the blanket is really made by hand 58. Why did the family finally decide to move to another state? A. To reduce the cost of living. B. To be hidden from their relatives. C. To change for a better environment. D. To apply for disability payments again. 59. According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE? 12 A. Navajo blankets have nice patterns but dont last long. B. Loren Krytzer made millions of dollars from disability. C. Weaving a blanket involves many processes and skills. D. Lorens life went from bad to worse because of
