1、外研社版九年级英语下册 Module 8 My future life Unit 3 Language in use 教学目标 I know that you will be better at maths. These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt. I give the white rose to my teachers, who have taught me that there is no success without e
2、ffort. Im sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years, and the people whom you want to thank for it. Read these sentences and think about their structures. 定语从句在句中作定语定语从句在句中作定语, 用来修饰某个名词用来修饰某个名词 或代词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫这个名词或代词叫先行词先行词, 而定语从而定语从 句位于先行词的后面。句位于先行词的后面。 用来
3、引导定语从句的词叫做用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。 关系词分关系代词关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词和关系副词(when, where, why)。 that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时, 既可以指人既可以指人, 也可以也可以 指物指物, 在从句中可以作主语或宾语。在从句中可以作主语或宾语。 He is a person that does what he says. (person是先行词是先行词, that在从句中作主语在从句中作主语) 他是一个说话算数的人。他是一个说话算数的人。 The
4、 cat that I bought yesterday is ill. (cat是先行词是先行词, that在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语) 我昨天买的那只猫病了。我昨天买的那只猫病了。 who引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 who引导定语从句时只能指人引导定语从句时只能指人, 在从句中可在从句中可 以作主语或宾语。以作主语或宾语。 A friend who helps you when you have trouble is a real friend. (friend是先行词是先行词, who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语) 在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的
5、 朋友。朋友。 whom也可以引导定语从句也可以引导定语从句, 在从句中只在从句中只 能作宾语能作宾语, 有时可以和有时可以和who互换互换, 但介词但介词 后只能用后只能用whom, 不能用不能用who。 He is the man who / whom I have been looking for. = He is the man for whom I have been looking. 他就是我一直在找的人。他就是我一直在找的人。 which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 which引导定语从句时引导定语从句时, 只能指物只能指物, 在从句在从句 中可以作主语或宾语。中可以作主语或宾语
6、。 I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday. (book是先行词是先行词, which在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语) 我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 注意注意: 在由在由that, who和和which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 中中, 当它们在从句中作主语时当它们在从句中作主语时, 都不可以省都不可以省 略；作宾语时略；作宾语时, 都可以省略。都可以省略。 介词后面只能用介词后面只能用which或或whom, 不能用不能用 that或或who。 Finger food is the
7、food _ which we eat with our fingers A handbag is a small bag _ which women use to carry their things School- leavers are young people _ who are leaving school Complete the sentences using which, that, who or whom. 1 1 A classmate is someone _ who is in the same class as me A friend is someone _ I t
8、rust A stranger is someone _ whom I dont know 根据句意根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。用正确的关系代词填空。 1. He is the man _ is ready to help others. 2. The girl _ I spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk. 4. Bill likes music _ he can sing along with. that / who that / who /
9、 whom that / which that / which 5. This is the village _ I used to live in. 6. Women always like buying many things _ they dont need at all. 7. Im studying a subject _ I am very interested in. 8. The girl with _ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin. that / which that / which that / which whom 注意注意
10、: 关系词只能用关系词只能用that的情况的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰, 或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级 时时, 只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定等不定 代词时代词时, 只能用只能用that, 而不用而不用which。例如。
11、例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时等词修饰时,只能用只能用that,而而 不用不用which。例如。例如: This is the same bike that I lost. d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用只能用that, 而不用而不用which。例如。例如: I can remember well the persons and some pic
12、tures that I saw in the room. e. 以以who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免为避免 重复重复, 只能用只能用that。例如。例如: Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是主句是there be 结构结构, 修饰主语的定语从修饰主语的定语从 句用句用that, 而不用而不用which。例如。例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 单项选择单项选择 1. I like music _ great lyrics. A. that have B
13、. that has C. who have D. who has 2. They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what B C 3. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. A. which
14、 B. whose C. when D. that B D that 引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从 句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如： He says (that) they have returned already 他说他们已经回来了。他说他们已经回来了。 He tells me that he was born in 1985. 他告诉我他生于他告诉我他生于1985年。年。 时态问题时态问题 宾语从句 如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时 态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进
15、行时，态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时， 过去将过去将 来时，过去完成时）。如：来时，过去完成时）。如： He said (that) he bought a new dictionary 他说他买了本新词典。他说他买了本新词典。 I knew they were studying English 我知道他们正在学英语。我知道他们正在学英语。 . if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾引导宾语从句时，要注意宾 语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由 于于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此连接的是一般疑问句，因此 要注意把从句语序改为陈述
16、句语序。如：要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? . if和和whether的区别的区别 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用： 1). 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用 whether，不用，不用if。如：。如： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我
17、不能说。 2). 宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用 whether，不能用，不能用if。如：。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。 3). 与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。 4). 从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：。如： I worry ab
18、out whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。 5). 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时， 只能用只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如： Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow. 汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。 1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine. if / whether 2. I dont
19、 know _ to go or stay. whether 3. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. Whether Complete the sentences with if / whether. 1. Where did Sally work last year? Do you know? _ 2. When did he buy the nice car? Can you tell me? _ 3. Where does she live? I dont know. _ 4. Wh
20、at did you say just now? I asked Jim. _ 5. When will he come back home? Please tell me. _ Join the sentences. Do you know where Sally worked last year? Can you tell me when he bought the nice car? I dont know where she lives. I asked Jim what he said just then. Please tell me when he will come back
21、home. 宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句与定语从句的区别 宾语从句宾语从句相当于宾语，只是以一个句子相当于宾语，只是以一个句子 的形式出现；而的形式出现；而定语从句定语从句相当于形容词，相当于形容词， 用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。 宾语从句宾语从句是做宾语的，一般是在动词或是做宾语的，一般是在动词或 者介词后面；者介词后面；定语从句定语从句放在名词或代词放在名词或代词 的后面。的后面。 中考链接中考链接 ( )1. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ ? It will leave at 4:00 p.m. (2011盐城盐城) A. how will
22、 you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. when the bus will leave for Shanghai D ( )2. I dont know the girl in red. Could you tell me _? (2011湖北黄石湖北黄石) A. what is her name B. how old is she C. who is she D. where she comes from D ( )3. Do you know the
23、 kid with _ Bob is talking over there? Yes, its my cousin. (2011湖北黄石湖北黄石) A. who B. that C. 不填不填 D. whom D ( )4. - Can you tell me _ it is from home to school? - Sure. Its about three kilometers. (2011襄襄 阳阳) A. how much B. how long C. how far D. how soon C ( )5. - Do you know the man _ is reading th
24、e book over there? -Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. (2011襄阳襄阳) A. which B. what C. whom D. who D ( )6. The people _ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing. (2011四川德阳四川德阳) A. which B. whom C. who C ( )7.Could you tell me _ the party? Next Friday. (2011广西柳州广西柳州) A. where we are going to hav
25、e B. when we are going to have C. when we were going to have B ( )8. I dont know if she to my birthday party tomorrow. If she , Ill be very happy. (2011湖南益阳湖南益阳) A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. comes; will come B ( )9. Have you finished the book _ you borrowed from the library? (2011四川广元四川广元) A. which B. it C. what A ( )10. Mary, could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow? I think she will come to school if she _ free. (2011山东滨州山东滨州) A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be C Homework
