1、主谓一致主谓一致 Agreement of subject and predicate 主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致指”人称”和主谓一致指”人称”和 ”数”方面的一致关系”数”方面的一致关系 可分为可分为: 1.语法一致语法一致 2.意义一致意义一致 3.就近原则就近原则 Agreement of subject and predicate 1.语法一致原则：语法一致原则： 主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式， 主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 汤姆是个好动的学生，他经常踢足球。汤姆是个好动的学生，他经常踢足球。 _. 他们
2、经常在操场上踢足球。他们经常在操场上踢足球。 _. Tom is an active student. He often plays football. They often play football on the playground. 1. 有些词为复数形式有些词为复数形式, 含义为单数含义为单数,谓语用单数人称。谓语用单数人称。 例例: news, maths, the United States , physics , the United Nations, politics The United States _ a big country. No news_ good news.
3、 Politics _ very easy to learn too. is is is Mother and father _ a little English. Both bread and butter _ sold out . 2. 由由and 连接两个名词时连接两个名词时, 谓语般用复数形式谓语般用复数形式. speak are 我的老校友刚从国外回来我的老校友刚从国外回来. My old friend and classmate _ come back from abroad. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会. The singer a
4、nd dancer _ to attend our English evening. has is The teacher and the writer are from Shanghai 那个老师和那个作家来自上海。那个老师和那个作家来自上海。 (两个人两个人) 但是但是: and 连接的并列主语指同一个人或事物连接的并列主语指同一个人或事物, 同一概念时同一概念时,为单三人称为单三人称 。 3. 名词如名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods(商品商品), glasses 等作主语时等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数谓语动词必须用复数. His clot
5、hes _ good. My trousers _ too old , I want to buy a new pair. Your glasses _ new, arent they? are are are A pair of gloves _ welcome present. is 但这些名词前若出现但这些名词前若出现 a pair of 时时 , 谓语用单数谓语用单数. Here _ some new pairs of shoes for you. are 但是：但是： 我们每个人都有一本新书我们每个人都有一本新书. Each of us _ a new book. 没有一个学生喜欢这
6、款游戏没有一个学生喜欢这款游戏. No student _ this kind of computer games. 每个男人和女人都在工作。每个男人和女人都在工作。 Every man and every woman _ at work. 4. either , each , every, no + 名词（代词）作主语名词（代词）作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式. has likes is 水一点也没剩水一点也没剩. None of the water _ left. 学生中谁也没去过那座岛学生中谁也没去过那座岛. None of the students _ been to
7、the island. 5. none of 作主语时作主语时, 如果其后的名词是不可数名词如果其后的名词是不可数名词,谓语谓语 动词用动词用单数形式单数形式, 如果是可数名词如果是可数名词, 谓语可以用单数形式谓语可以用单数形式, 也可以用复数形式也可以用复数形式. was has / have 6. 主语后面有主语后面有with/ along with / together with / except / as well as 等时等时, 谓语动词要与主语的数谓语动词要与主语的数 一致。一致。 那位老师连同他的学生一起看演唱会去了。那位老师连同他的学生一起看演唱会去了。 The teach
8、er, along with his students, _ the concert. has gone to 1.表示金钱表示金钱,时间时间,距离等的名词虽然是距离等的名词虽然是 复数形式复数形式,但主语按单数对待但主语按单数对待. 这本书这本书20美元太贵了。美元太贵了。 Twenty dollars _ too expensive for the book. 四公里不算远四公里不算远. Four kilometres _ not very far. 八小时持时间真长八小时持时间真长. Eight hours _ really a very long time. is is is 意义一致
9、原则：意义一致原则： 主语形式虽为复数，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数，主语形式虽为复数，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数， 主语形式虽为单数，意义为复数，谓语也用复数。主语形式虽为单数，意义为复数，谓语也用复数。 2. 集体名词集体名词family, group, class, population, team等等 作为整体视为单数，如果强调其成员应视为复数作为整体视为单数，如果强调其成员应视为复数. 比较比较: 他家不是个大家庭他家不是个大家庭. His family _ not a large one. 她全家人在看电视她全家人在看电视. Her family _ watching TV. is
10、are 指整体指整体 指家庭成员指家庭成员 但是：但是： 集合名词集合名词police , people, clothes 作主作主 语时语时, 谓语要用复数形式谓语要用复数形式. 警察正在寻找这个匪徒。警察正在寻找这个匪徒。 The police _ looking for the robber. are Who wrote the books _unknown. 是谁写的这本书不为人所知。是谁写的这本书不为人所知。 Reading books _ good for your knowledge. 读书有益于丰富你的知识。读书有益于丰富你的知识。 When and where to hold
11、 the meeting _been decided yet. 何时何地举行这个会议还没决定何时何地举行这个会议还没决定 。 Whether he will come _on whether he has enough time. 他是否会来还要他有足够的时间。他是否会来还要他有足够的时间。 is is hasnt depends 不定式不定式, 动名词及从句做主语时动名词及从句做主语时, 作为单三人称。作为单三人称。 I have got some great shots of the boy who plays the guitar on the left. Every day we ha
12、ve activities which take place after class. 定语从句中谓语动词的形式是根据先行词而定的定语从句中谓语动词的形式是根据先行词而定的. 3. the+形容词形容词,表示一类人表示一类人, the + 姓氏姓氏s 表示一家人或一表示一家人或一 对夫妇，谓语用复数。对夫妇，谓语用复数。 例例:盲人们得到了很好的照顾。盲人们得到了很好的照顾。 _ 布朗一家正在花园里种树。布朗一家正在花园里种树。 _ The blind are taken care of very well. The Browns are planting trees in the garde
13、n. 1. 由由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语有时主语 不止一个时不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. Here _ the bus. 公共汽车来了公共汽车来了. There _ (be) a pen and some pieces of paper for you. Where _ (be) your wife and children to stay while you are away? comes is is 就近原则：就近原则： 谓语动词用单数还是用复数，取谓语动词用单数还是用复数，取 决于
14、靠近它的主语决于靠近它的主语 学生和老师都不知道这事学生和老师都不知道这事. Neither the students nor the teacher _ anything about it He or you_ taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔他或你拿了我的钢笔. Not only the students but (also) their teacher _to go sightseeing. 不仅学生们，他们的老师也希望去观光。不仅学生们，他们的老师也希望去观光。 knows have hopes 2.用连词用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, n
15、ot only.but also等连接的并列主语等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. Exercises (单选单选) 1.Twenty minutes (is, are) enough for me. 2.Each of us (have, has) done the work. 3.We each (have, has) been to the Great Wall. 4.Somebody (want, wants) to see you. 5.Who (is, are) often late? 6.Mr Green with his so
16、ns (are, is) having supper at home. 7.No one except his sisters (know, knows) about it. 8.The Greens (are, is) watching TV. 9.Either he or you (are, is) right. 10.Either they or Tom (have, has) asked the question. 11. Either of the answers ( is are ) right. = Each of 11.Neither he nor I (am, is, are
17、) a teacher. 12.Here (is, are) a pencil and two books for you as your birthday presents. 13.Milk and juice (is, are) both delicious. 14.There (is, are) no meat and no bread at home. 15.This pair of shoes (is, are) mine. 16.My family (is, are) all here. 17.His family (is, are) very small, with only t
18、wo people. 18.Her family (is, are) all watching TV. 19.Fishes (live，lives) in the water. 20.There (is, are) little sheep on the hill. 小绵羊小绵羊 21.Sheep（is，are）white and milk (is, are) white, too. 22.A woman with 2 boys (is, are) working in the field. 23.Three years (has, have) passed since he left her
19、e. 24.There (is, are) a pair of shoes under the bed. 25.The shoes under the bed (is, are) mine. 26.More than one boy (has, have) been to the USA. 27.All (has, have) come to the party. 28.None of them (is, are) a good teacher. 29.None of them (is, are) workers. 30.They each (has, have) a good book. 3
20、1.The number of the books on the desk (is, are) ten. 32.Fish and chips (is, are) on the table. 33.The taller of the twins (like, likes, is like)swimming. 34.The black trousers on the bed (is, are) his, the blue ones (is, are) mine. 35.No news (is, are) good news. 36.Neither of us (has, have) much mo
21、ney. 37.Most of the food (is, are) good. 38.What color (is, are) the pens? 39.The photo of the boys (is, are) on the wall. 40.Either of the books (is, are) mine. 41.Not only his parents but also Tom (is, are) invited to the party. 42.The boy like his parents often (go, goes) skating. 43.Nothing (has
22、, have) happened outside. 44.At the head of the queue (was, were) my parents. 45.Half of the sheep (like, likes) to eat this kind of grass. 46.One third of the students in our class (was, were) late . 47.Ten minus (减减) six (is, are) four. 48.The police (is, are) searching the robber. 49.Each man and
23、 each woman (is, are, has, were) asked to attend the party 50.What (do, does) “people” mean in Chinese? 51.Half of the class (has, have) done most of the work. 52.Neither Mary nor her parents (have, has) been to Australia. 53.Either the girl or the boy (know, knows) me very well. 54. Every student and every teacher (was, were) late for school. 55.Half of the class (have, has) done most of the work. Some of it (is, are) really difficult.
