1、2019 新人教版高中英语必修二单元同步语法 Unit 4 过去分词（一）过去分词（一）-作定语和作定语和宾语补足语宾语补足语 过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed 构成；不 规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补 足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。 一过去分词作定语的过去分词作定语的用法用法 （一）（一）过去分词作定语的过去分词作定语的位置位置 1. 一般情况下， 单个 过去分词作前置定语， 即 放在被修饰词之 前。 注意： 有时为了表示强 调， 也可放在被修饰词 之后。 tired visitors 疲惫的游
2、客 a well-organised trip 组织有序的旅行 beautifully dressed stars 衣着华丽的明星 The disease was caused by polluted water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水 造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。 He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。 2.过去分词短语作定 语时往往作后置定语， 即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long w
3、ait 厌倦了漫长等待的游客 a trip organised well by my workplace 我的工厂安排得很好的旅行 stars dressed beautifully at the event 在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物 污染的河水现在脏且难闻。 （二）过去分词作定语的过去分词作定语的时态和语态时态和语态 1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表 示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主 语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该 动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时，相当于
4、定语从句。 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语， 相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充 说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与 主句隔开。 I dont like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans （= which was built by the Romans）. 这是罗马人建的房子。 The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has be
5、en solved. 昨天讨论的 问题被解决了。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）. 他们使用同 一面国旗，被称为“英国国旗”。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表 示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves 落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水 the developed countries 发达国家 注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别： 现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主 动关系， 且该动作正在进行， 即表 “主 动、进行” ； 过去分词作
6、定语，和被 修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经 The workers building the houses work day and night. 正在建房子的工人日夜工作。 （workers 和 build 是 主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .去年建 完成，即表“被动、完成” 。 成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系） 二过去分词作过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语的的用法用法 “及物动词宾语宾补”结构中，过去分词 done 作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。 1.用于 feel, find
7、, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think 等表示感觉或心理状态的动词 后作宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看 到一位老人被车撞倒了。 When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。 2.用于 get, have, make, keep, leave 等使役动词后作宾语补足 语。 The
8、speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard. 演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天拔了牙。 They had castles built all around England. 他们在英格兰各 地建造了城堡。 3.用于 wish, want, would like, expect, order 等表示“意欲”“命 令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as
9、soon as possible. 老板命令计划尽可能块地被执行。 The father wants his daughter taught Japanese. 这位父亲想让女儿学日语。 4.用于 with 复合结构中作宾语 补足语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. 工作完成了，他到外面散步去了。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。 注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别： 过去分词 done
10、作宾语 补足语， 表示与宾语构 成被动关系； 现在分词 doing 作宾语补足语， 表示与宾语构成主动 关系。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. 当我从 旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。 I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. 我经常听到这首英文歌被年轻人在聚会时唱起。 It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. 天很 冷，她让炉火日夜烧着。 I had my
11、car repaired last week. 我上周找人修理了汽车。 【巩固练习】 一用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.The mountain village_（surround）by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing. 2.The familys ancestors once attended to _（wound）soldiers in the First World War. 3.The young people _（attract）by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with
12、 their cameras and binoculars _（position）on the hill. 4.Judy and I had our car _（park）in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery _（charge）. 5.When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it_ （announce）that there were no audio gu
13、ides left. 6.Judy had her eyes _（fix）on Van Goghs Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. 7.She had a copy of the painting_（box）to ensure that it was delivered safely. 8. The scientist attended the meeting _ (hold) in the Great Hall of the People. 9. Lin
14、jiang Bridge _ (build) in a shape of fish in Wuhu, Anhui Province was put into use in 2008. 10.With all the tasks _ (finish) ahead of time, he decided to set out on his travel. 11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_ (remind ) of his own dreams. 12. Claire had her lu
15、ggage_ (check) an hour before her plane left. 13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. 14. Listen! Do you hear someone _ (call) for help? 15. So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people
16、_（injure）. 二. 单项选择 1.The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 2.The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 3.Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstandi
17、ng figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 4.The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game . A selecting B to select C selected D having selected 5. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borro
18、wed C. borrowed D. borrowing 6.So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 7.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 8.At the age of 29, Da
19、ve was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 9.With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were a
20、ffected 10.The trees _ A. being blown down B. blo C. blowing down D. to blow down 11It is one of the funniest things_ A. finding C. to find D. found 12.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being com
21、pleted 13.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 14. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 15Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily
22、. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 16.Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles. A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 17.They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 18. To learn En
23、glish well, we should find opportunities to hear English_ as much as we can. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 19.I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 20.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ h
24、im. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 答案及解析： 一1. surrounded 2. wounded 3. attracted； positioned 4. parked ； charged 5. announced 6. fixed 7. boxed 8.held 9.built 10.finished 11.reminded 12.checked 13. improved 14. calling 15. injured 二1.B句意： 接下来我们看到的是烟雾正从房子的后面冒出来。rising from behind the
25、 house 为现在分词短语作后置定语，和所修饰词smoke构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语， 相当于定语从句which/ that was rising from behind the house。 2.C句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。the island和join是被动关系，因此 用过去分词作定语。 3.C句意：建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。Tsinghua University与found 之间存在着被动关系， founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，因此用 过去分词作定语。 4.C句意： 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中
26、给我们带来荣誉。 players和select为被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。 5.C 句意为：怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。Maps和borrow构成 被动和完成关系，因此用过去分词作定语。 6.A该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 因此用 过去分词作定语。 7.A句意：早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。fruit和grow被动关系，因 此用过去分词作定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。 8.A句意：29岁的大卫是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓,不知如何规划他的未来。 现在分词作定语修饰a
27、worker, a worker 和live; wonder是主动关系，因此用现在分词作定 语。 9.C句意：有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。过去分词affected 作后置定语修饰those，表示“那些被影响的人” 。 10.B句意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。trees和blow down与之间是被 动关系, 且是已经完成的动作, 故用过去分词短语blown down。 11.D句意：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。found此处为过去分 词作后置定语, 用来修饰things, 与things构成被动关系。 12.C comple
28、ted in the 1880s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall, 二者之间为被动关系。 13.C现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生, 此处的a letter 和say是主动关系，因此用现 在分词，相当于定语从句which said。 14.A句意：错过的东西不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词, 作things的定语, 相 当于一个定语从句that are lost。 15.A句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position和 advertise是 被动关系, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。 1
29、6. D 句意为：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。his work和recognize之间是 被动关系，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。 17.D句意： 他们使用计算机来保持道路畅通。 本题考查 “keep+宾语+现在分词” 作宾语结构， the traffic和run是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。 18.C此处考查hear+宾语+ done结构。因为宾语English是 “被说” , 故用spoken作宾补, 表 示被动。 19.A smell something burning闻到有东西在烧焦了, 宾语something 和burn是主动关系， 因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。 20.A 宾语his mothers voice和call是主动关系。因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。
