1、1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. vary vi. it changes depending on the situation; to change something to make it different （根据情况）变化；改变（根据情况）变化；改变 various adj. 各种各样的；不同的各种各样的；不同的 varied adj. 不同的不同的, 各式各样的各式各样的 variety n. 多样化，种类多样化，种类 variation n. 变化变化 vary 【拓
2、展拓展】vary 短语短语 vary in 在在方面不同方面不同 vary with 随着随着而变化而变化 vary from 不同于不同于 vary from . to . vary between . and . 由由到到情况不等情况不等 eg The students work varies considerably in quality. Peoples reactions to the medicine vary widely. Pulse rates vary slightly from person to person. In this school, the class num
3、bers vary between 25 and 30. 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) 这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。 The flowers _ _ _ _ _ but all of them are beautiful. 2) 这这家宾馆每个房间的费用由家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到美元到30美元美元 不等。不等。 The charge for a room in this hotel _ _ $20 and $30. 3) 一般来一般来说水说水果和蔬果和蔬菜价菜价格随季节变化而变化。格随季节变化而变化。 General
4、ly speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables _ _ the season. vary in color and size varies between vary with 2. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is by contrast 相比之下相比之下 in contrast with / to . 和和形成对比，比较起形成对比，比较起来来 eg By contrast, Mrs. Young was much more outspoken. His white hair was in s
5、harp contrast with/to his dark skin. 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。 1) 相比之下，这个新技术容易而且廉价。相比之下，这个新技术容易而且廉价。 (by contrast) 2) 就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。 (in contrast with) By contrast, the new technique is easy and cheap. As for the quality, no manufacturers can be in contrast with ours. 3. Eye conta
6、ct is not always approved of. approve vi. to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable 赞成；同意赞成；同意 vt. to officially accept a plan, proposal etc 批准；通批准；通过过 approve of sth./sb. approve of sb. doing sth. approve of + 从句从句 eg He seemed to approve of my choice. Youve never approved of H
7、enry, have you? He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year. I approve of what the government is doing. The government has approved a program of economic reforms. The course is approved by the Department for Education. 【语境应用语境应用】翻译翻译句句子子。 1) 我告诉母亲我想做一名歌手，但她不赞成。我告诉母亲我想做一名歌手，但她不赞成。 I told my moth
8、er I wanted to be a singer but she didnt approve. 2) 我的父母不准许我吸烟。我的父母不准许我吸烟。 My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes. 3) 市长批准了这项新的建筑计划。市长批准了这项新的建筑计划。 The mayor approved the new building plan. 4. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
9、witness vt. to see something happen, especially a crime/accident; to experience important events/changes 当当场看到；目击；见证场看到；目击；见证 n. someone who sees a crime/an accident and can describe what happened; someone who say what they know about a crime/event 目击者；证人目击者；证人 eg Police are appealing for witnesses
10、to the accident to come forward. Mary appeared as a witness for the defence. Did anyone witness the attack? This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years. The past few years have witnessed great changes throughout Eastern Europe. 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。 1) 母亲是发生在马路拐角处的事故的目击者。母亲是发生在马路
11、拐角处的事故的目击者。 2) 有人目睹了这起交通事故吗？有人目睹了这起交通事故吗？ 3) 我我们目击了这座城市的巨大变化。们目击了这座城市的巨大变化。 Mother was a witness of/to the accident at the street corner. Did anyone witness the traffic accident? We witnessed great changes in the city. employ vt. to use a particular object/method/ skill etc in order to achieve somet
12、hing; to pay someone to work for you 使用使用；应用；雇；应用；雇佣佣 employ sb. as . 雇用某人作为雇用某人作为 employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事 be employed in (doing) sth. 从事从事于（于（做）某事做）某事 【拓展拓展】 employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员受雇者，雇工，雇员 employer n. 雇用者，雇主雇用者，雇主 employment n. 雇用雇用 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句中的画线部分。】翻译句中的画线部分。 1) Arts agencies empl
13、oy more than 10,000 people as part-time employees. _ 2) Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. _ 3) More than 750,000 have graduated, with many seeking employment in engineering, medicine. _ 雇用雇用 使用使用 寻寻求就业求就业 5. Eve
14、n the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. differ vi. to be different from sth. in some way; have opposite opinions 相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧 【拓展】 different adj. 不同的，有区别的不同的，有区别的 difference n. 差异，不同差异，不同 make a/no difference (to .) （对（对）有）有/没没有影响有影响 eg My brother differs fr
15、om me in many ways. John differs with his brother about/on/over the best way to cook fish. Emily is completely different from her sister. Whatever she did, it made no difference. It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) 你的支持对我有影响。你的支持对我有影响。 Your support
16、will make a difference to me. 2) Mary在许多方面与我不同。在许多方面与我不同。 Mary differs from me in many ways. 3) Jack和他的父亲对教育问题持不同看法。和他的父亲对教育问题持不同看法。 Jack differed with his father about/on/over education. 6. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. by/in comparison 比较起
17、来比较起来 comparison n. 比较比较 make a comparison 作作比较比较 in comparison with 与与相比相比 compare v. 对对比；比比；比作；相比，比得上作；相比，比得上 eg Does his latest novel compare with his first one? He was a loud friendly man. In comparison, his brother was rather shy. After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool
18、by comparison. You cant make a comparison between American and Japanese schools theyre too different. 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句翻译句子。子。 1) 诗诗人经常把人生比作一条河人经常把人生比作一条河。(compare) Poets often compare mans life to a river. 2) 和和欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格 非常高非常高。(by comparison) By comparison with other European
19、countries, car prices in the UK are very high. 7. Elsewhere, people favor shaking hands, favor n. something that you do for someone in order to help them; support/agreement for sth. such as a plan/idea/system 帮助；恩惠；赞同帮助；恩惠；赞同 vt. to prefer someone or something to other things or people, especially w
20、hen there are several to choose from; to provide suitable conditions for something to happen 较喜欢；选择；有利于较喜欢；选择；有利于 eg He hired John as a favor to his father. The idea may find favor with older people. As an examiner, she showed no favor to any candidate. The mother certainly favored her eldest son. I
21、 shall favor neither side in this election. Crowded conditions favor the spread of disease. 【拓展】【拓展】 ask a favor of sb. = ask sb. a favor 求某人帮忙求某人帮忙 do sb. a favor 帮某人忙帮某人忙 in favor of 赞同，支持赞同，支持 in sb.s favor 有助于某人有助于某人 【语境应用语境应用】完成句完成句子。子。 1) Could you _ （帮我一个忙）（帮我一个忙） and turn off the light? 2) I
22、n their discussion, I was _ （支持）（支持） Mr. Li. 3) The current economy _ the development of small businesses. 当前经当前经济对小企业的发展不利。济对小企业的发展不利。 do me a favor/ do a favor for me in favor of does not favor 8. A smile can break down barriers. break down 消除；分解；打破；消除；分解；打破；（机（机器器 等等）坏了；（坏了；（身体）垮了身体）垮了 【拓展拓展】brea
23、k短语短语 break into 强行进强行进入；打入；打断断 break off 中断中断 break out 突发，爆发突发，爆发 break through 突破，突围突破，突围 break up 打碎，分裂打碎，分裂 eg The police broke the door down in order to save the girl in the room. Each lesson is broken down into several parts. My car broke down on my way home. We cant have you breaking down in
24、 health. 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) The thieves _ and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。 2) Negotiations between the two sides _. 双方谈判失败了。双方谈判失败了。 broke into the office have broken down 3) Scientists think they are beginning to _ in the fight against cancer. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始 有所突破。有所突破。 4) I was still living in London when the war _. 战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。 5) In order to understand the sentence better, you must _ into parts. 为了更好地理解这个句子为了更好地理解这个句子，你必须把它分，你必须把它分 成几部分。成几部分。 break through broke out break it down
