1、Unit 4 To analyse the difference in uses and meanings of past participles and ing forms To practice using the past participles and the ing forms to create adverbial clauses 1. The girls were _ to see such an open country. The farms covered a very large area, which was _. amazed amazing Fill in each
2、blank with the correct form of a verb from the box. Find the difference between each pair of sentences. Paying attention to -ed and ing forms. Then translate the sentences into Chinese. see frighten head amaze 感到感到 令人令人 2. Going into the wilderness alone can be _. Do you feel _ when going into the w
3、ilderness alone? frightening frightened 3. _ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. _ the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colors. Seen Seeing 感到感到 令人令人 被动被动 主动主动 4. _ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rockies. Finally, the company -
4、 _ by its new manager - started to make a profit. Heading headed 被动被动 主动主动 一、过去分词作表语和状语与动词一、过去分词作表语和状语与动词-ing形式形式 的比较的比较 1. 作作表语表语: 过去过去分词分词表示人或物的心情或状态等表示人或物的心情或状态等, 也也 可以可以理解为心情或状态受到外界理解为心情或状态受到外界影响影响, 有有 “感到“感到”之意之意; 动词动词-ing形式形式则表示人或物的自身特征则表示人或物的自身特征, 有“令人有“令人”之意之意。 e.g. We were amazed to find th
5、at no one was hurt. By the way, the machine is amazing. Do you feel frightened when walking home alone in the dark? Walking home alone in the dark can be frightening. 2. 作作状语状语: 过去过去分词分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 往往 往往表示完成表示完成; 动词动词-ing形式形式与其辑主语之间是主动关系与其辑主语之间是主动关系, 一般一般表示动作正在进行。表示动作正在进行。 e.g. Seen
6、from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. He sat at the table, reading a magazine. 二、过去二、过去分词作表语分词作表语 1. 过去过去分词可放在连系动词分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语等之后作表语, 表示表示主语
7、所处的情绪主语所处的情绪或状态。或状态。 e.g. He seemed quite delighted at the news. The door remained locked. His mother got very annoyed because he couldnt recite the idioms. 2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别区别: “be+过去过去分词分词”表示表示状态时状态时, 是是系表结构系表结构,此此 时的过去时的过去分词分词通常已形容词化通常已形容词化; 表示表示动作时动作时, 是是被动语态被动语态, 且绝大多数且绝大多数被动结被动结
8、构中的动作执行者由介词构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。引出。 e.g. The book is well written. 这这本书写得很好。本书写得很好。(系表结构系表结构,强调强调主主 语语所处的状态所处的状态) The book was written by Mo Yan. 这这本书是莫言写的。本书是莫言写的。(被动语态被动语态,强调强调主主 语语所承受的动作所承受的动作) 3. 英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词, 其现在分词其现在分词 表示主动意义表示主动意义, 即即 “令人令人的的”, 多用来修饰物多用来修饰物; 其过去分词表示被动意义其过去分词表示被
9、动意义, 即即“感到感到的的”, 多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 adj. 感到感到 (多多 指人指人) excited; interested; worried; surprised; satisfied; encouraged; tired; frightened; annoyed; bored; embarrassed; confused; disappointed; puzzled adj. 令人令人 (多多 修饰物修饰物) exciting; interesting; worrying; surprising; satisfying; encoura
10、ging; tiring; frightening; annoying; boring; embarrassing; confusing; disappointing; puzzling 二、过去二、过去分词分词作状语作状语 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作状语作状语, 表示表示动作发生的动作发生的背背 景景或情况或情况, 其逻辑其逻辑主语就是句子的主语主语就是句子的主语。 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)在句中作在句中作状语状语可以表示可以表示时时 间间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。 1. 表示时间表示时间 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作时间状语作时间状语, 相
11、当于相当于一一个个 时间时间状语从句状语从句。 e.g. Asked (=When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head. 2. 表示表示原因原因 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作原因状语作原因状语,相当于一个相当于一个原原 因因状语从句。状语从句。 e.g. Scared (= Because/As she was scared) of the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. 3. 表示条件表示条件 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作条件状语作条件状语,相当于一个相当于一个条条
12、 件件状语从句状语从句。 e.g. Given (= If we were given) more time, we could do it substantially better. 4. 表示表示让步让步 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作让步状语作让步状语, 相当于相当于一个一个让让 步步状语从句状语从句。 e.g. Left (Although he was left) at home, John didnt feel scared at all. 5. 表示表示方式或伴随方式或伴随 过去过去分词分词(短语短语)作方式或伴随状语作方式或伴随状语, 可以转可以转 换换成一个成一个并列句。并列
13、句。 e.g. The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. 【注意注意】 1. 过去过去分词作状语分词作状语, 它它的逻辑主语必须和的逻辑主语必须和句句 子的子的主语相一致。主语相一致。 e.g. If caught, the police will punish the thief. 误误 If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. 正正 小偷小偷如果被抓如果被抓, 会会受到警方的惩罚受到警方的惩罚。 2. 过去过
14、去分词作状语时分词作状语时, 其其前面可以带有相应前面可以带有相应的的 连词连词, 如如when, though, although, as if, if, unless, until, once等等, 表表时间、让步、条件时间、让步、条件 方式方式等。等。 e.g. If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果如果受到邀请受到邀请, 我我会参加我朋友的婚礼会参加我朋友的婚礼。 1. 2019 北京卷北京卷 Earth Day, _ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aim
15、ing to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 2. 2019 北京卷北京卷 _ (arm) with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. marked Armed 3. 2019 天津天津卷卷 _ (drive) by heaven- knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. 4. 2019 天津卷天津卷 _ (to
16、uch) by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all. 5. 2019 江苏卷江苏卷 The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains _ (compare) with other animals. Driven Touched compared Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the
17、box. Then translate the sentences into Chinese, paying attention to -ed and ing forms. bore excite tire satisfy 1. We became _ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _ things there. excited exciting 2. We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the
18、hotel because we were so _. The eight- hour train ride was quite _. 3. I was not _ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I had expected. But we had a _ meal at the hotels restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on. tired tiring bore excite tire satisfy satisfied satisfying 4. It was raining hard t
19、he next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV. Sadly, the TV programes that day were really _. As we had nothing else to do, we felt pretty _. boring bored bore excite tire satisfy Rewrite the sentences. Add information as necessary. When people asked the man what the trip meant to him,
20、 he said it was “an experience of a lifetime”. When asked what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime.” 1. Butchart Gardens was transformed from a quarry. It was now become a famous destination for travellers. Transformed from a quarry, Butchart Gardens has now becom
21、e a famous destination for travellers. 2. If you compare Quebec City with other cities in Canada, it seems more like a charming European village. Compared with other cities in Canada, Quebec City seems more like a charming European village. 3. They did not know where to start their sightseeing in Lu
22、oyang, so they went to the Tourist Information Centre. Not knowing where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang, they went to the Tourist Information Centre. 4. When they heard that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive, they made West Vancouver their first destination. Hearing that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive, they made West Vancouver their first destination. Writing two short passages according to Activity 1 and Activity 2, using what you have learnt in this period.
