1、选择性必修一选择性必修一 Unit 4 Body Language Listening to How Bodies Talk vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变 1. As theyre handmade, each one varies slightly. 由于它们是手工制作的，每一件都会略有不同。 2. The text varies from the earlier versions. 这一文本有别于那些早期的版本。 【拓展】【拓展】 vary with 随而变化 vary from 不同 vary in 在方面变化；在方面有差异 various adj. 各种各样的; 不同的 v
2、ariable adj. 易变的; 可变的; 变量的 variety n. 变化, 多样性, 种种, 品种, 种类 employ vt. 使用；应用；雇佣 1. The company employs 18 workers. 该公司雇用 18 位职工。 2. More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry. 超过 3000 名本地工人受雇于旅游业。 【拓展】【拓展】 employ sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事 employ.as. 雇佣当 employ oneself in (doing) s
3、th. 从事；忙于 employment n. 雇佣；就业 in employment 在业；有工作 out of employment 失业 employer n. 雇主；老板 employee n. 雇员 【辨析】【辨析】 hire: 非正式用词，主要强调受雇者为工钱而被雇用。 He hired a men to do the work. 他雇了 12 个人做这工作。 employ: 指正式雇用，工作相对稳定，有固定薪水，还可能晋升职务等。如： He is employed in a bank. 他受雇于一家银行。 approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 1. Not ev
4、eryone approves of the festival. 不是所有人都赞成庆祝该节日。 2. I approved of the proposal. 我赞成该提案。 【拓展】【拓展】 approval n. 同意; 赞同 get ones approval 得到某人的同意 give approval to 同意；批准 disapprove v. 不同意；不赞同 【辨析】【辨析】 agree, consent, approve, comply, subscribe 这些动词均含同意，赞同之意。 agree: 普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。 consent: 指同意别人
5、的请求、建议或满足他人的愿望，着重意愿或感情，常和 to 连用。 approve: 侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与 of 连 用。 comply: 指答应某人已经提出或可能要求做的某事，与 with 连用。 subscribe: 指完全地赞成已阐明的立场。多用于比较愿意支持一种立场或为一种立场所 辨护的情况。 break down 消除；分解；打破 1. Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。 2. Because he was being so kind and c
6、oncerned, I broke down and cried. 因为他那时对我那般友善关心,我失控哭了起来。 【拓展】【拓展】 break through 突破；突围；有重要创见 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 break in/ into 破门而入 break out 爆发 break away from 挣脱；打破陈规 break the law/ rule 违背法律/规定 break ones word/ promise 食言 1. You should avoid making this gesture in Brazil or Germany. 2. People
7、 favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 3. Perhaps the best example is smiling. 4. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 动词动词-ing 作作宾语宾语 1. 常见的可跟动词-ing 作宾语的动词（短语）有： finish 完成 enjoy 喜欢 mind
8、 介意 admit 承认 suggest 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止 put off 推迟 report 报告 risk 冒险 st
9、op 停止 suggest 建议 understand 理解 deserve 值得 Have you finished painting the windows? 窗子漆好了没有? Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾把门关上好吗? He avoided talking about this他避免谈这事。 I enjoyed working here我在这里工作很高兴。 Our house needs painting我们的房子需要油漆。 2. 有些短语动词如果其后跟动词，必须使用动词-ing 形式。特别注意 to 为介词，不能误 认为是不定式符号 to 而
10、接动词原形。 这样的短语动词常见的有： insist on 坚持 be worth 值得 give up 放弃 put off 推迟 keep on 继续 leave off 停止 cant help 忍不住 spend.in 花费 cant stand 忍不住 feel like 想 give up 放弃 put off 推迟 pay attention to 关注 add up to 总共是 look forward to 期待 be/get used to 习惯于 devoteto 把献给 例如：例如： Yesterday, I saw him talking to another bo
11、y, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I am used to going to bed late and getting up late. We are looking forward to coming to China. 3. 在一些特别的句子结构中要求使用动名词： have problems (+in) + 动名词 have difficulty in doing sth. have trouble/a hard time in doing
12、 sth. have fun (+in) + 动名词 be busy (in) + 动名词 waste time (in) + 动名词 以上动名词做介词宾语，in 常要省去。 例如：例如： The children are busy doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 4. 可用先行词 it 作形式宾语，而把真正宾语移到句子后部去 She found it useless arguing with him 她发现和他争论没有用。 Do you consider it any good our going there? 你认为我们去有帮助吗? 1. It is no
13、use _ (cry) after failing the exam. 2. I find it useless _ (explain) the whole thing to them. 3. We are looking forward to _ (see) you again. 4. Would you mind my _ (open) the window? 5. He has trouble _ (solve) the problem. 6. Tom devoted himself to _(study) this kind of animal. 7. People couldnt h
14、elp _ (laugh) again and again. 8. Why must I stop _ (play) computer games? 答案答案：1. crying 2. explaining 3. seeing 4. opening 5. solving 6. studying 7. laughing 8. playing How Do I Know My Students? assess vt. 评估；评价 1. Ask them to send you information on how to assess the value of your belongings. 叫他
15、们把如何估算你的财产价值的资料寄给你。 2. The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement. 该测试将评估能力而不是学业成绩。 【拓展】【拓展】 adj. assessable 可估价的；可评价的；可征收的；可征税的 n. assessment 评定；估价 assessor 评审员；确定税款的人；顾问 estimate, appraise, assess, evaluate, value, rate 这些动词均有估价，估计之意。 estimate: 通常指由个人作出的主观估价。 appraise: 指以专家身份
16、作了最终精确的估价。 assess: 原义指对为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好利用。 evaluate 与 appraise 相似，指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少 用于评价某物的市场价值。 value: 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。 rate: 专指评定价值等级的高低。 occupy vt. 占据；占用 1. Her career occupies all of her time. 她的事业占用了她所有的时间。 2. He occupied himself with packing the car. 他忙于装那辆车。 【拓展】【拓展】 occup
17、ant n. 占有者 occupation n. 职业; 占有 preoccupation n. 全神贯注 inquire vi 成就,造诣 requirement n. 需求, 要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西 enquiry n. 询问 require v. 需要；要求,命令 enquire v. 询问 【辨析】【辨析】 demand, inquire, question 这些动词均含有问，询问之意。 demand: 指根据自己的权利、 职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问， 常隐含命令 对方回答的意味。 inquire: 较正式用词，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。 questio
18、n: 指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。 主题写作主题写作肢体语言肢体语言 写作任务写作任务 假设你叫李华，得知你的英国朋友安德鲁(Andrew)要去美国学习，请你给他写一封信介 绍告诉他肢体语言在不同国家代表不同意义，提醒他提前了解肢体语言。 Dear Andrew, _ _ _ Yours, LiHua 写作思路写作思路 一审：确定写作体裁和主题 体裁：应用文 主题：肢体语言的重要性 二定：确定时态和人称(与体裁和主题息息相关) 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：以第二人称为主 三明确 问候了解肢体语言的重要性提出建议 三分段(与写作要点息息相关) 结合写作要点分为
19、三个段落 素材整理素材整理 （1）关键词语 get along with; Learning that, further study, inform sb of sth; misunderstand； the gesture that they use; it is generally recognized that, look sb in the eyes, be considered to be, have a good understanding of ; be of significance，hopefully，adapt to （2）翻译句子 一切都还好吗？ (get along w
20、ith) 了解到你要前往美国深入学习，我写信告知你肢体语言的重要性 (Learning that, further study, inform sb of sth) 然而，来自不同文化中的人们可能误解他们使用的手势 (misunderstand； the gesture that they use) 一般认为看着某人的眼睛表示认真听他讲话，但是在一些地区，这被认为是粗鲁的 (it is generally recognized that, look sb in the eyes, be considered to be) 因此，如果你在美国，了解美国人的肢体语言很重要 (have a good
21、 understanding of ; be of significance) 希望你能尽快适应美国的生活 (hopefully，adapt to) Keys: How is everything getting along with you? Learning that you are heading for America for further study, I am writing to inform you of the importance of body language. However, people from different cultures may misunders
22、tand the gestures that they use. It is generally recognized that looking somebody in the eyes shows that we are listening to him attentively, while in some districts, it is considered to be rude. Therefore, it is of significance for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you
23、are in America. Hopefully, you can adapt the life there as soon as possible. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严谨的短文。 Dear Andrew, I am Li Hua. How is everything getting along with you? Learning that you are heading for America for further study, I am writing to inform you of the importance of body language. Bod
24、y language is a way of communication. However, people from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures that they use. For example, when we nod at somebody, we mean we agree with his opinion. But in some countries, nodding ones head means disagreement. It is generally recognized that looking so
25、mebody in the eyes shows that we are listening to him attentively, while in some districts, it is considered to be rude. Therefore, it is of significance for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in America. Hopefully, you can adapt the life there as soon as possible
26、. Yours, LiHua （答题时间：（答题时间：40 分钟）分钟） 一、阅读理解一、阅读理解 Body language is a language without spoken words and is therefore called non-verbal communication. We use body language all the time. For instance looking someone in the eyes means something different than not looking someone in the eyes. Body langua
27、ge is used especially to express feelings. For instance if we dont like someone, its often difficult to say that directly to the person. However, we can make it clear either intentionally or unintentionally through body language. The opposite is also true. People may give their true feelings away by
28、 not being aware of their body language. Research has shown that most people pay more attention to, and believe more readily, their impression of how a person acts through body language than whats said through words. Usually body language occurs unconsciously (无意识地). Yet the body language we use dec
29、ides to a large extent the quality of our communication. It follows that therefore it would be good to become conscious of our own and others body language. We can learn to use our body language for a purpose as well as learn to understand and interpret body language of others. Its important to note
30、 that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How we can interpret body language depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have with the person as well as the gender of the other. This means that there isnt one signal that has the same meaning all over the world.
31、 If you dont take this into account you may get yourself into some serious trouble! Body language is also interlinked (连接) with spoken language and a whole pattern of behave our from a person. As well as that, various body language signs can complement (补充) each other to make a particular meaning cr
32、ystal clear or strengthen the meaning of what we communicate. 1. Why is body language used in our daily life? A. Because body language can get the meaning across better. B. Because people can communicate without using words. C. Because sometimes we cant express how we feel easily by words. D. Becaus
33、e body language makes the atmosphere more harmonious. 2. How can we judge a persons true feelings? A. By his unintentional spoken language. B. By his unintentional body language. C. By his intentional spoken language. D. By his intentional body language. 3. Why should we try to know more about the o
34、thers body language? A. To respond with body language. B. To make the other one feel confident. C. To make the communication go on smoothly. D. To make the unconscious communication meaningful. 4. When we interpret a kind of body language, we should remember_. A. different cultures present the same
35、meaning B. it has nothing to do with the spoken language C. it is only connected with the behave our patterns D. its signals have various meanings in different situations 5. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. People of different countries need friends to live better. B. Communication with body l
36、anguage is better. C. Everyone is influenced by body language. D. Body language has unique meanings. 二、语法填空二、语法填空 In your daily life, you often have such 6. _ (embarrass) experiences you try to avoid talking to someone you recognize when 7. _ (cross) the road; you cant talk 8. _ (confident) in the f
37、ace of all the guests at a party, and also, you lack the confidence to talk to others though you are eager to make 9. _ (friend) with people. In a word, you feel nervous when you are at 10. _ social event. You neednt worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy
38、 11. _ (learn). People with good social skills can have good 12. _ (communicate) with others and know how to have a conversation. Here are a few ideas to help you. Make good use of small talk in your conversations, but be careful of 13. _ topics are suitable. Try to be a better listener 14. _ positi
39、ve answers and body language. Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, “Talk to a man about himself, 15. _ he will speak to you for hours!” Try to find out social rules when you go to another country. 三、写作三、写作 假设你是李华， 你的英国朋友 Robert 准备来中国学习， 因此想了解一些中国的身势语。 请你用英语给他写封邮件，介绍一些日常的身势语。 注意：词数 100 左右(
40、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear Robert, Im glad to receive your email. Now I will tell you something about Chinese body language. _ _ _ _ _ Yours， Li Hua 一、1. C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的前两句可知，为了使我们的意思表达清楚，我们 经常使用身势语。 2. B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的People may give their true feelings away by not being aware of their body language可
41、知，无意识的身势语最能反映一个人的真实感情。 3. C 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Yet the body language we use decides to a large extent the quality of our communication.可知， 身势语很大程度上决定着两个人之间交流的质量， 所 以为了能让交流更好地进行下去，就应该捕捉并且体会该身势语流露出的信息。故选 C。 4. D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的body language has different meanings in different cultures和depends on the situat
42、ion, the culture. . . 可知 D 项表述正确。 5. C 考查主旨大意。根据全文尤其是第一段中的We use body language all the time可知， 我们一直在使用身势语，也就是说每个人都会受身势语的影响，故选 C。 二、 6. embarrassing 考查形容词。 根据语境可知， 此处表示令人尴尬的经历， 故填 embarrassing， 表示“令人尴尬的”。 7. crossing 考查非谓语动词。 when 后面可跟非谓语动词形式。 cross 是动词， 意为“横穿”， 与主语 you 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。 8. confi
43、dently 考查副词。空处作状语修饰谓语动词 talk，故用副词形式。 9. friends 考查名词复数。make friends with.是固定短语，意为“与交朋友”。 10. a 考查冠词。空格后面的 event 意为“公开活动”，是可数名词; 此处表示泛指意义，故 要用不定冠词，又因 social 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用 a。 11. to learn 考查非谓语动词。 表示主语的特征或性质的形容词后面常用动词不定式的主动 形式来表示被动意义。故填 to learn。 12. communication 考查名词。由空前的 have good 和空后的 with 可知，此处应该
44、填所给 词的名词形式，且 communication 作“沟通”讲时是不可数名词，故填 communication。 13. what 考查名词性从句。be careful of 后面跟宾语从句，且从句中缺少修饰 topics 的定 语，故用连接代词 what。 14. with 考查介词。带着积极向上的答案和肢体语言，努力成为一个更好的倾听者。根据 语境可知，此处表示“带着”，故用介词 with。 15. and 考查并列连词。根据语境可知，空处前后为顺承关系，故此处为“祈使句+and+陈 述句”句式。祈使句表示条件, and 后的分句表示一种结果或推论。 三、 One possible v
45、ersion: Dear Robert， Im glad to receive your email. Now I will tell you something about Chinese body language. In China, we wave our hands to say “hello” or “good bye”. We usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them. Some people may nod and smile instead of shaking hands. When you are introd
46、uced to a Chinese group, they may greet you by clapping their hands. Like in many other countries, we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”. People will hold their thumbs up to praise a person, if he does something great. Sometimes, we bow to show great respect and thanks to others. I hope this information will be helpful to you. Yours, Li Hua
