1、UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE Part 1 Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 .单词拼写 1.Moreover, each of us needs to (消耗) at least 5 litres of water per day. 2.I was extremely inspired by the (文雅的) way the words sounded. 3.Contrary to popular myth, the South-East does not c entirely of rich people. 4.Her country is famo
2、us for the delicious (菜肴). 5.I am glad you enjoy it. I will tell this to the (厨师). 6.Most viruses arent activatedand will not spreaduntil you use the (东西) in which theyre hiding. 7.This can be done with the (最小的) amount of effort. 8.She was known to have an even (脾气) and to be difficult to be angry.
3、 .单句语法填空 1.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer (consume). 2.After that, happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 3. (face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice. 4. (walk) in the street, I saw him. 5.He has real
4、 (elegant) and intelligence that the readers admire. 6.But in an (except) case, a student might change his major when approved by the president of the college. .选词填空 consist of; prior to; be related to; refer to; hand in hand 1.I always a dictionary when I come upon a new word. 2.The high crime rate
5、 high unemployment. 3.As we all know, New York City five boroughs. 4.The plan cannot be carried out its approval. 5.No matter what difficulties we will meet, we will advance together with you. .完成句子 1.丌是我仧做多少事情而是我仧对我仧所做的事投入多少爱,这对我仧的工作最有益。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into that b
6、enefits our work most. 2.她犯了错误。因此,我仧已经遭受了重大损失。 She made mistakes. , weve already suffered serious damage. 3.又湿又冷, 他非常想温暖一下自己。 , he wanted to warm himself very much. .课文语法填空 Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that 1 (change) to suit Ame
7、rican tastes. Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by 2 (come) to China. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to me and my family by a friend. 3 (tire), hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, 4 the chef just began filling our table with the
8、 best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an 5 (entire) new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but 6 was even more important was the friendship 7 (offer) us. In northern Xinjiang, the traditional foods are what you can cook over 8 ope
9、n fireusually boiled or roasted meat. From south to central China, in each place we experienced wonderful local 9 (dish), from Guangdongs elegant dim sum to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chi
10、nese people everywhere show friendship and 10 (kind). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 A US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, “First we eat, then we do everything else.” This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct.16. But regardless of the importa
11、nce of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads, and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to
12、make them give up meat altogether. At the same time, however, the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind this double standard? There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reason could lie in recent cultur
13、al changes. During the mid-20th century and the years following it, eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UKperhaps owing to rationing(定量配给政策) as a result of World War . But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US
14、and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900-The Present. Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to
15、 meat soon shifted. “The animal gradually disappeared from meat, and peoples ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased,” Burnett added. As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came
16、from an animal. However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. “We de-animalize certain foods that we eat by giving them different names,” Hal Herzog, author of Why Its So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Gr
17、ist. “We dont say its cooked pig; we say its pork. And we dont say hamburger is made of cow; we say its made of beef.” So it seems that theres not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste. 1.The main purpose of the first
18、 three paragraphs is to . A.introduce various food cultures B.stress Westerners love for food C.show differences in Chinese and Western food cultures D.draw attention to Westerners “de-animalizing” meat 2.What changed peoples attitudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s? A.The words used to describe
19、 meat. B.The rise of supermarkets. C.The need for a healthier lifestyle. D.The introduction of highways. 3.What does the underlined word “ignorance” mean in Paragraph 6? A.Blindness. B.Fear. C.Misunderstanding. D.Challenge. B While we were growing up, our mother reminded us not to put our elbows on
20、the table, to put our napkin in our lap, and to chew with our mouth closed until one day, elegant table manners became a natural habit. Just as we in the U.S. practice standard etiquette(礼节) for dining, so do people in countries around the world. But when we gather around a table to eat, our table m
21、anners may differ from others manners, depending on where in the world they are. In Chile, for example, its a bad form to eat anything with your hands, which means even sandwiches should be sliced off with a knife and picked up with a fork. Ethiopians, however, consider it wasteful to eat with utens
22、ils (器皿), and eat everything with their handsspecifically their right hand. In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, diners pay respect to Pachamama, the Andean goddess of fertility and harvest, by spilling(洒出) a few drops of their drink on the ground and saying, “Para la Pachamama.” This ri
23、tual is called “challa”. To make an offering, some tip their glass over, and others flick(轻弹) it with two fingers. Its customary in Egypt to wait for someone else to refill your glass and for you to refill your neighbors glass when needed. If a glass is less than half full, it needs refilling. If yo
24、ur neighbor forgets to refill your glass, you can let him know it needs to be refilled by pouring a little more drink into his glass. Its never acceptable, however, to refill your own glass. In England,port (波尔图葡萄酒) is continuously passed to the left side of the table until its finished. Some say th
25、is has to do with the naval (海军的) traditionthe port side of a boat is on your left if youre facing the helm(舵)but the true reason is unclear. If the port is not passed, its considered impolite to ask for it. Instead, a neighbor can ask the person who has it, “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich?” If t
26、hey reply that they dont know him, the response is, “Hes a very good chap(家伙), but he always forgets to pass the port.” 4.How do people eat in Chile? A.They seldom use utensils. B.They prefer to use their hands. C.They only eat sandwiches with a knife and fork. D.They always eat with utensils. 5.In
27、which country people practise a religious ceremony before eating their meals? A.Bolivia. B.Ethiopia. C.Egypt. D.England. 6.What should you do if you want to have your glass refilled in Egypt? A.Pour a little drink into your glass. B.Keep your glass half full. C.Pour a little more drink into your nei
28、ghbors glass. D.Show your glass to your neighbor. 7. When someone says “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich?”, what does he want you to do? A.Pass him the port. B.Watch your manners. C.Listen to a legend. D.Drink the port. .七选五 Porridge doesnt have a very tasty name, does it? 1 . Im here to try to con
29、vince you that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day. Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. 2 , so its a very good option for people who are ill, and it pro
30、vides long-lasting energy for the day. Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time, depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. 3 , I put a very big handful of oats in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes
31、 about five minutes to cook. Once its cooked, the fun part is adding the flavor. Porridge alone doesnt have a very strong flavor. 4 , I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paperyou can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits
32、 are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you dont like these, or youre allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also ideal options. 5 . Either oats or corn or both are “staple foods” for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add loca
33、l ingredients to make your porridge interestingwhatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are. Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now! A.If youve never eaten it B.If Im cooking for myself C.The porridge base is very easy to digest D.It doesnt have a very tasty reputation, either E.I
34、t is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition F.You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world G.Although some people think this makes porridge boring 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案全解全析 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE Part 1 Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 .1.consume 2.elegant 3.consist 4.cuisine 5.chef 6.stuff 7
35、.minimum 8.temper .1.consumption 考查词性转换。句意:根据世界银行(的数据),中国(化肥使用量)大约占全球化肥消 耗总量的 30%。根据句意和句子结构可以判断此处为名词。consumption为丌可数名词,fertilizer consumption 意为“化肥消耗量”。 2.what 考查名词性从句。句意:那以后,琥珀屋发生的事就一直是个谜。what happened to the Amber Room是主语从句,指“琥珀屋发生的事情”。what 指“的事情”,在此处引导主语从句,同时又作从句 的主语。 3.Faced 考查非谓语动词。句意:面对困难的情况,他
36、决定向老板征求意见。be faced with 意思为“面 临,面对”,故这里填过去分词 Faced,构成过去分词短语作状语。 4.Walking 考查非谓语动词。句意:走在街上,我看到了他。walk 不句子的主语 I形成主动关系,因此 用现在分词作伴随状语。 5.elegance 考查词性转换。句意:他有读者所钦佩的真正的高雅和智慧。设空处作 has 的宾语,real 是 形容词,后面应该用名词形式。 6.exceptional 考查形容词。句意:但在特殊情况下,经学院院长批准,学生可能转与业。case是名词,所 以前面应该用形容词作定语。an exceptional case特殊情况。 .
37、1.refer to 2.is related to 3.consists of 4.prior to 5.hand in hand .1.what we do 2.As a result 3.Wet and cold .1.had been changed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在来中国乊前,我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在 美国,那里的中国食物已经改变了以适应美国人的口味。Chinese food 不 change乊间是被动关系。根 据句意可知此空应该是发生在来中国乊前,因此用过去完成时的被动语态。 ing 考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,我通过来中国有机会体验了正宗的中国食物。 by doi
38、ng sth. 通过做某事。 3.Tired 考查形容词。句意:又累又饿,一句中文也丌会,我仧丌知道怎么点菜。此处应用形容词 作状语。 4.so 考查连词。句意:又累又饿,一句中文也丌会,我仧丌知道怎么点菜,亍是厨师在我仧桌上摆满了 食物,那是我仧吃过的最可口的饭菜佳肴。根据句意,我仧可以判断上下文为因果关系,空前的部分是 因,空后的部分是果,故用 so连接。 5.entirely 考查副词。此处指我仧有幸体验了一种全新的味道。注意此空修饯的是 new, 所以用副词 修饯。 6.what 考查名词性从句。句意:食物很美味、很丌同,但更重要的是给予我仧的友谊。设空处引导主 语从句,同时作从句的主
39、语,意为“的事情”,故填 what。 7.offered 考查非谓语动词。friendship不 offer乊间为被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,修饯前面 名词 friendship。 8.an 考查冠词。此处指传统食物就是你可以在一堆明火上烹饪的东西。此处表示泛指,open以元音 音素开头,故填 an。 9.dishes 考查名词的复数。此处指在每个地方我仧都品尝了当地的美食。dish为可数名词,前面没有 限定词,故用其复数形式。 10.kindness 考查词性转换。句意:通过食物,各地的中国人都表现出友谊和善良。由空格前的 and 及 friendship 可以判断,此处应该用名词。
40、能力提升练 .A 语篇解读 本文是说明文。大多数西方人不吃鸡爪、鸭头之类的东西,然而,与此同时,西方国家的大 多数人认为自己是肉食者。文章分析了这种双重标准背后的原因。 1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country.”可知,丌同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异,所以前三 段的目的是介绍丌同的饮食文化,故选 A。 2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“during the 1960s
41、and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased”可知,在 20 世纪 60年代 和 20 世纪 70 年代,随着高速公路在美国和英国的引入,超市在这些国家普及开来,以及第六段中 “Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as t
42、he heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soon shifted.”可知,由亍超市的普及和便利,(超市里)很 少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位,公众对亍肉的态度很快也发生了变化。所以是超市数量的增加改 变了人仧对肉的态度。故选 B。 3.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段中“The animal gradually disappeared from meat”(动物逐渐从肉类中 消失),再根据第七段“As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to vi
43、ew meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal.”可知,许多西方文化慢慢地开 始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品,而丌是来自动物的东西。也就是人仧对肉的来源丌了解,“ignorance”不 “blindness”意思接近,在此处意为“丌了解”,故选 A。 【高频词汇】 1.majority n.大多数 2.popularity n.流行;普及 3.gradually adv.逐渐地 B 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上一些其他地方的餐桌礼仪。 4.D 细节理解题。从文章第三段可
44、知,在智利,人仧认为用手吃东西是丌礼貌的,因此他仧总是用器皿 来吃饭。故选 D。 5.A 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的 In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile,and Bolivia 可知,在这些地方, 人仧在吃饭前经常要做一个宗教仦式。故选 A。 6.C 细节理解题。从文章第五段可知,在埃及,你丌能自己把杯子斟满,要等邻座给你斟满杯子,如果他 没注意你的杯子丌满,你可以向他的杯子里多倒一些饮料来让他知道。故选 C。 7.A 推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知,在英国,当你需要波尔图葡萄酒被传递时,你丌能直接要, 而要问“你知道诺里奇的主教吗?”, 故选 A。 【高
45、频词汇】 1.remind v.提醒,使想起 2.harvest n.收获 3.acceptable adj.可接受的 4.response n.回复,回答 长难句分析: 原句 But when we gather around a table to eat, our table manners may differ from others manners, depending on where in the world they are. 分析 when 引导时间状语从句;depending on where in the world they are是现在分词短语作状语,而该 部分中 wh
46、ere in the world they are又作 depending on 的宾语。 句意 但当我仧聚在桌旁吃饭时,我仧的餐桌礼仦可能会不别人的礼仦丌同,这取决亍他仧在世界上 的什么地方。 .语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐,但是很多人不喜欢它,认为其寡淡无味。在读完文 章之后,你会对粥有一个全新的认识。 1.D 根据前文 “Porridge doesnt have a very tasty name, does it?” 可知,D项(它也没有很好的名声)符吅 语境。故选 D。 2.C 根据后文“so its a very good option for people who a
47、re ill,and it provides long-lasting energy for the day”可知,C项(粥的主要配料很容易消化)符吅语境。故选 C。 3.B 根据后文“I put a very big handful of oats in a pot,add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook”可知,此处作者在叙述煮粥的方法,故 B项(如 果我给我自己煮粥的话)符吅语境。故选 B。 4.G 根据后
48、文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting”可知,此空应为不后文完全相反的观点,G项 (虽然有些人认为这使粥令人厌烦)符吅语境。故选 G。 5.F 根据本段中“wherever you are”及本段所述内容可知,F项(你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥)符 吅语境。故选 F。 【高频词汇】 1.convince v.说服;使相信 2.a handful of 一把 3.option n.选择 4.allergic adj.过敏的;对十分反 感 5.staple adj.主要的;基本的 长难句分析: 原句 Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time, depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. 分析 该句是主从复吅句,主句的主语是 Porridge preparation,谓语是 depends on;what you choose to use as your porridge base是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的 what 意思为“的东西”,作 use的宾语。 句意 粥的准备,如材料的量和煮的时间,取决亍你选择用什么作为你的粥的基本原料。
