1、Review of the Passive Voice 被动语态复习,英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）,需要强调
2、动作的承受者时，用被动语态。The room hasn't been cleaned yet.,什么时候要用被动语态呢,不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。Football is played all over the world,没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。The bridge was built last year.,当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。,汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。,某些句子
3、习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等客观的说明时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house. It was reported that her mother died of SARS.It is well known that 众所周知 It is supposed that 据推测说 ,助动词be动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的，疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
4、有am, is, are, was, were, been几个形式变化。),被动语态的谓语构成,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,主语,by+宾语,be+过去分词,Our classroom,is cleaned,
5、by us,every day.,（被动）,各种时态的被动语态,1.They make shoes in that factory.,S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,一般现在时被动语态,Shoes,are made,(by them),in that factory.,We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,Presen
6、t tense (am/is are + done),1.Li Ming drives the bus through the city. The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They look after the children well. The children _well _ _by them.,is driven,are looked &nb
7、sp;after,The bank was robbed yesterday.,The shoes were sold out yesterday.The shoes were not sold out yesterday.Were the shoes sold out yesterday ?Yes, they were . No, they werent.,被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.,一般过去时 waswere +v.p.p.,一般过去时被动语态,Past tense (was/were + done),1.Li Ming drove the
8、 bus through the city. The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They looked after the children well. The children _well_ _by them.,was driven,were looked after,情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay) + be + v.p.p
9、.,被动语态的构成：be + vt.p.p,This watch can be repaired in two days.This watch can not be repaired .Can this watch be repaired in two days? Yes, it can . No, it cant .,情态动词的被动语态,He can carry the b
10、asket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,Exercises for Passive Voice(7),1.You must return the books to him at once.The books _ _ _to him at once.2.He can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ by _ in two days.,must be retu
11、rned,can be finished him,.They will finish the work in ten days.,一般将来时被动语态（1）,S+ will+be+过去分词,The work,will be finished,(by them),in ten days.,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,一般将来时被动语态（2）,am/is /a
12、re going to be +V.过去分词,Future tense,1.He is going to write down the story. The story is going to _ _ down by _.2.They are going to build the bridge. The bridge is going to _ _ by them. 3.We will plant 2000 trees ne
13、xt year. 2000 trees _ by us next year.,练习：,be written,him,be built,will be planted,过去将来时被动语态,S+ would + be+过去分词,They would have a party the next day.,A party,would be had,(by them),the ne
14、xt day.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,现在进行时被动语态,S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,The rooms,are being painted,by some workers,now.,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,Some workers were painting the rooms at 10:00 yesterday,过去进行时被动语态,S+ was/were + b
15、eing +过去分词,The rooms,were being painted,by some workers,at 10:00 yesterday.,We have made twenty keys,现在完成时被动语态,S+ have/has + been+过去分词,Twenty keys,have been made,by us.,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,have(has)+ been
16、+done,1.The doctor has saved many peoples lives. Many peoples lives _ _ _by the doctor.3.They have sold out the magazines. The magazines_ _ _ _by _.,have been saved,have been sold out,them,We had made twenty keys by the end of last
17、week.,过去完成时被动语态,S+ had + been+过去分词,Twenty keys,had been made,by us,by the end of last week.,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by the end of last week.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态
18、时，要补上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,含有短语的被动语态结构。 动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。 也不能把介词或副词拆开。They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in
19、2000.You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this year.,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a m
20、onth.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,课堂练习,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the fl
