1、1- Unit 2 Making a difference 素养导航导航 主题语境人与社会 历史、社会与文化 The Story of Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family in Italy in 1820 and was named Florence after her birthplace.Florence and her sister were educated by their father and private teachers.She did well in her studies.
2、When she grew up,she decided to become a nurse.This decision greatly upset her family,because at that time nurses in England were looked down upon by people.But she was determined ,and began caring for the sick in hospitals. In 1854,England was fighting a war with Russia in Turkey.Many British soldi
3、ers were wounded or sick.The wounded soldiers lay on the hard floors of a dirty army hospital.In the evening,they tried to sleep,but rats ran over their bodies.The conditions for them were terrible. Reports of the sufferings of the wounded in the front created anger in Britain.The government appoint
4、ed Florence Nightingale to hirefemale nurses to work in the front.Florence arrived in Crimea with thirty-eight nurses.At first,the doctors did not believe that women could help.But in fact,the nurses did make a difference.By day,nurses cleaned the wards and cared for the soldiers.At night,Nightingal
5、e took a lamp and walked around the hospital attending the patients. Florence also wrote home on behalf of the soldiers.In return,she gained the respect of the British soldiers. Nightingale and the nurses worked around the clock,attending the sick and the wounded,which contributed to the fact that m
6、any wounded soldiers survived.The death rate of wounded soldiers fell from 42% to 2.2%. Florence returned to Britain as a heroine.Because of her excellent work she was given many awards.With the funds she received,Florence set up a nursing school to train professional nurses.She continued to offer h
7、er advice on hospital reform.Nightingale is best known as the founder of the modern profession of nursing.In 1910,at the age of 90,Nightingale closed her eyes forever.And the day of her birth,May 12,has been made International Nurses Day. 词海拾贝 upset vt.使不安 determined adj.有决心的 suffering n.痛苦 appoint
8、vt. 委派 hire vt.雇用 ward n.病房 典句欣赏 Nightingale and the nurses worked around the clock,attending the sick and the wounded,which contributed to the fact that many wounded soldiers survived. 译文:南丁格尔和护士们夜以继日地工作,照顾伤病员。多亏她们 辛苦的工作,许多伤员得以存活下来。 分析:本句中Nightingale and the nurses作句子的主语,worked作主句 的谓语;attending.是非谓
9、语动词结构作伴随状语,which引导非限 制性定语从句。 探究思辨 What similar qualities do you think the great people have? 答案 When it comes to the qualities of the great people,I think they have two aspects in common.For one thing,they are strong- willed.Whenever they meet difficulties,they will never give up.Instead,they will p
10、ersevere with what they believe in.For another,they must be selfless.They always think about others interest.(答案不唯一) -9- Section A Starting out 创办 12.在控制之下 13.从中获益 14.放弃;戒除 15.不是而是 16.贫困的;有需要的 17.突然笑起来 turn out make a difference set up under control benefit from give up not.but. in need break into a
11、 smile 重点句式 1.And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 2.Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why dont I help?”,but “How can I help today?”. .词汇拓展 1.contribution (v.) 2.relief (v.) 3.shortage (adj.) 4.effective (adv.) (n.) 5.recycle (adj.) 6.donate (n.) 7.reality (adj.) (adv.) co
12、ntribute relieve short effectively effect recyclable donation/donor real really .阅读导学 根据P14-P15课文内容,回答下列问题。 1.How far was it for some African children to get water? 2.How did Ryan reach his first target? 3.How did Ryan raise enough money? 4.What did he see when he visited Uganda? 5.How did Ryan enco
13、urage more people to help? 6.What kind of person is Ryan according to the last paragraph? 答案 1.They had to walk ten kilometres to get water. 2.By cleaning windows and doing gardening for his family and neighbours. 3.By asking for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate m
14、oney. 4.He not only saw the finished well but also saw hundreds of delighted students. 5.By setting up a foundation to encourage more people to help. 6.He is determined,and has the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 重点词汇 1.the contribution these people made to society(教材P13) 这些人对社
15、会作出的贡献 【词汇精讲】contribution 是名词,意为“贡献;捐献”。还可作可数 名词,意为“意为捐赠物;稿件”,经常用复数形式。 All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday. 所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。 【词汇拓展】 contribute vt.贡献;捐助;导致;投稿 contributor n. 贡献者;捐助者;投稿者 contribute sth to.把某物捐献给 contribute to为作贡献;有助于;导致 make a contribution/contribut
16、ions to为作出贡献 Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people. 每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。 The film will greatly help us students know the schools history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our schools development. 这部电影将会极大地帮助我们学生更好地了解学校的历史,呼吁我 们为学校的发展作贡献。 2.The amou
17、nt of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried,is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.(教材P13) 病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和擦干后所体验到的舒适和安慰是临床最 常观察到的现象。 【词汇精讲】relief 是不可数名词,意为“减轻,缓解,宽慰,轻松”,还 表示“减轻痛苦的事物,救援物品”。 No one was hurt,and we all breathed a sigh
18、 of relief. 没有人受伤,我们都松了一口气。 This kind of medicine can provide pain relief for some cancer patients. 这种药可以使一些癌症病人减轻疼痛。 Relief was quickly sent to the sufferers from the great fire. 救济品很快被送到遭受严重火灾的灾民手中。 【词汇拓展】 in/with relief 如释重负 to ones relief 使人宽慰的是 relieve vt.减轻;缓和 relieve sb of sth 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等) K
19、nowing that he passed the driving test,the man sighed in relief. 知道自己通过了驾照考试,这个男人如释重负地叹了口气。 Much to the mothers relief,her son was eventually admitted to a key university. 使这个母亲非常欣慰的是,她儿子最终被一所重点大学录取了。 3.Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.(教材P14
20、) 现在在你认为最有效的给非洲提供淡水的解决方法下打对勾。 【词汇精讲】effective 是形容词,意为“有效的,产生预期效果的”。 We must pay attention to these problems and continue to take effective measures to solve them. 我们必须关注这些问题,并且继续采取有效措施解决它们。 【词汇拓展】 effect n.影响;效果 affect vt.影响 have an effect/influence on/upon对产生影响 come/go into effect生效 bring/carry/put
21、.into effect实施;使生效/起作用 side effect副作用 An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character. 一个不幸的童年可能对一个人的性格有负面的影响。 The new law will come into effect next month. 新的法律下个月生效。 To carry the policy into effect,a large sum of money was urgently needed. 要使新政策生效,急需大量金钱。 4.At first,his
22、plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.(教材P14) 起初,他的计划是挣钱在非洲的某个地方建一口水井。 【词汇精讲】earn 是及物动词,意为“挣得”,还可以表示“获得”,由 于某种效果或行动而所得的或应该得到。 She earned a reputation as a hard worker. 她以勤奋工作而闻名。 We buy everything abroad with the money earned from oil imports. 我们用进口石油赚到的钱从国外购买一切商品。 What d
23、o you suppose we should do to earn respect from others? 你认为我们应该做什么以赢得他人的尊重呢? 【词汇拓展】 earnings n. 所得,收入,工资 earn/make money 挣钱 earn ones living=make a living谋生 He was satisfied with his earnings as an accountant. 他对自己会计师的收入很满意。 Jobs earned his living by selling computers when he was 19 years old. 当乔布斯1
24、9岁时,他靠卖电脑谋生。 5.Two thousand dollars was a lot of money,but Ryan didnt give up.(教材P15) 两千美元是一大笔钱,但瑞安没有放弃。 【词汇精讲】句中的give up意为“放弃”,可单独使用,也可以加宾语 (名词、代词或动词-ing形式)。此外,还有“让给;停止;泄露”之意。 Never give up until you succeed. 不成功决不可以放弃。 If you want to give up your bad habits,you must be strong-minded. 如果你想放弃坏习惯,就必须
25、意志坚决。 In the crowded bus,the young people give up their seats to the old people. 在拥挤的公共汽车上,年轻人把座位让给老年人。 【词汇拓展】 give away 泄露(秘密);暴露;赠送;颁发 give back 归还,送回;恢复 give forth 发出(声音、气味) give in 屈服,交上 give off 发出(水、电、光、热) give over交给;移交;让给 give in to向投降/屈服 give out 公布;分发;用完,耗尽 I was afraid the kids would give
26、 the whole thing away. 恐怕孩子们会把整件事说出去。 If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat. 如果你总是屈服于人,你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。 There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口处散发传单。 6.He was determined to help other children have clean water.(教材 P15) 他决心帮助其他孩子喝干净的水。 【词汇精讲】句中的det
27、ermined是形容词,意为“下定决心的”。此 外,还表示“坚决的;意志坚定的”。通常作表语或定语。 He is a very determined and strong-willed person. 他是个有决心、有毅力的人。 【词汇拓展】 determine v.决定;确定;测定;使下定决心 determination n.决心,坚定,毅力 determinedly adv.坚定地,坚决地,决意地 be determined to do 决心去做 Im determined to find out who is responsible for this. 我决意要弄清楚谁该对此事负责任。
28、Her determination to do well made her keep on studying. 她想取得好成绩的决心使得她坚持学习下去。 7.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.他开始向他的同学以及邻居寻求 帮助,并说服他们捐钱。(教材P15) 【词汇精讲】donate 是及物动词,意为“捐赠,捐献”。 The government calls on the youth to donate their blood volu
29、ntarily. 政府号召年轻人无偿献血。 【词汇拓展】 donation n.捐赠物;捐赠 donator n.捐赠者;捐款人 donate sth to.把某物捐献给 make a donation to 向捐赠 This will make him the biggest donator to the charity in the US history. 这将使他成为美国历史上给慈善机构捐钱的最大捐赠者。 He always donates money to a poor village school,which makes a difference to the children th
30、ere. 他总是给一个贫困农村学校捐钱,这对那里的孩子产生了很大影响。 You can make a donation to a charity in someone elses name.你可 以用别人的名字给慈善机构捐赠。 8.He broke into a joyful smile.(教材P15) 他突然开心地笑了。 【词汇精讲】break into a smile意为“突然笑起来”,是不及物动词短 语,没有被动语态,相当于burst into laughter或burst out laughing。 We watched her puzzled face break gently in
31、to a smile.我们看见她 原先迷惑的脸上轻轻绽放出了笑容。 【词汇拓展】 break ones word/promise违背诺言;食言 break up打碎;拆散;结束;分裂(解体);散开 break down出故障;失败;垮掉 break in强行进入;打断 break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等) break off断开;使折断;中断 break out突然开始;爆发 break away (from sb/sth)逃脱;脱离;背叛(某人/某物) break through取得突破;取得新的重大发现 The policeman came running and broke
32、 up the crowd. 那个警察跑过来,驱散了人群。 On my way to the train station my car broke down. 在去火车站的路上,我的车坏了。 重点句式 1.And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?(教材P14) 为什么那里的水那么脏以至于让他们生病呢? 【句式剖析】so.that.引导结果状语从句,意为“如此以至 于”。 I was so nervous that I couldnt tell which direction was left.我如此 紧张,以至于分不清哪边是左
33、。 【句式拓展】 (1)so.that.句型的常见形式: so+adj./adv.+that. so+adj.+不定冠词+单数可数名词+that. so+many/few/much/little+n.+that. Dalian is so attractive a city that many tourists visit it every year.大连 是一个如此吸引人的城市,以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。 There are so many spelling mistakes in your composition that I cant understand what you ar
34、e writing about.你的作文中有如此多的拼写 错误,以至于我不能理解你在写什么。 (2)such.that.句型的基本结构: such+不定冠词+adj.+单数可数名词+that. such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that. Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit it every year. 大连是一个如此吸引人的地方,以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅 游。 It was such good weather that we decided to go for a walk.天气如此
35、好,以至于我们决定去散步。 【名师点睛】当“so/such+修饰部分”放在句首时,主句要用部分倒 装。 So desperate was he that he stopped trying and waited for help.他是 如此绝望以至于他停止尝试,等待救援。 2.Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why dont I help?”,but “How can I help today?”.(教材P15) Ryan说他想问的不是“我为什么没有帮忙?”,而是“今天我能怎 样帮忙?”。 【句式剖析】此处not.but.连接两个结构相似、
36、功能相同的句子 成分。这种结构否定but前的内容,肯定but后的内容。 What makes his parents worried is not his grades but that he hasnt any interest in learning.让他父母担心的不是他的成绩而是他对学 习不感兴趣。 The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人
37、留念的,而是给那些的确有需要的人 的一项生活上的无偿捐助。 【句式拓展】 not.but.连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。类似用法的 有:neither.nor.既不也不;either.or.不是就 是;not only.but also.不仅而且;there be句型。 Not you but she is wanted on the telephone. 电话里找的是她而不是你。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.护 士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。 .课文语法填空 Ryan is a
38、1. (Canada) schoolboy who wanted to make 2. difference for the world.After learning the news of freshwater 3. (short) in African countries,he made his plan 4. (earn) money to build a well.He cleaned windows 5. did gardening for others and finally got enough money with the help of people around him.I
39、n Uganda he saw the well and many 6. (delight) students.7. (late),his experience led him 8. (set) up a foundation to help more people.9. Ryan did really inspire more people to make their dreams a 10. (real). Canadian a shortage to earn and delighted Later to set What reality .概要写作 根据P14-P15 课文内容写一篇6
40、0词左右的内容概要。 参考范文 Ryan heard in many parts of Africa,there was no clean water.He decided to raise money for a well.He did extra chores for his parents and raised $70.Then he found out that it actually cost $2,000 to dig a well.By encouraging more people to help,he reached his target finally.His experience encouraged more people to help.Today over 800,000 people have benefited from the gift of clean water.It was his courage and perseverance that made his dream a reality.
