1、UNIT 3 THE WORLD OF SCIENCE Section B Using Language 核心词汇核心词汇 词汇一词汇一 beyond prep. 无法无法；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于，迟于；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于，迟于 教材原句 Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在未来的80 年里，我们的生活可能会被3D 打印改变得无法辨认。 要点必记 beyond repair/control/belief 无法修理 / 控制 / 相信
2、 beyond description 无法 形容，难以描述 beyond recognition 变得认不出来 beyond ones power 超 出某人的能力 beyond ones reach 在某人够不着的地方 beyond compare 无与伦 比 题组练领悟方法 单句写作 （1） Scotts equipment was damaged_ _（无法修理）. （2） The scenery there was_ _ _（美得无法形 容）. （3） The town_ _ _ _（已经变得让 人认不出来了） since I was last here. （4） Tonights
3、performance has been cancelled due to circumstances _ _ _ （我们无法控制）. （5） Some shops keep open_ _（到午夜以后）. beyond repair beautiful beyond description has changed beyond recognition beyond our control beyond midnight 词汇二词汇二 significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的重要的，影响深远的 教材原句 But perhaps the most significant succes
4、s that people have achieved to date is in medicine. 但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。 要点必记 （1）be significant=be of significance 重要的 It is significant that. 很重要。 （2）attach great/little importance/significance 认为很有 / 几乎没有重要性 the significance of的重要性 单词积累 significance n. 重要性，意义 单句语法填空 （1） The discovery is of_
5、（significant），as it will help us realize what really happened in that area 2，000 years ago. 单句写作 （2）_ _ _ _（ 很重要）all the people are treated equally. （3） A theory，however good it is，is_ _ _ （没有意义） without being put into practice. （4）2019 江苏省徐州市高一期中_ _ _（的重 要性） constructing a village on the moon lies
6、in the fact that it will help humans to explore the solar system further. significance It is significant that of no significance The significance of 词汇三词汇三 injure v. 使受伤，弄伤使受伤，弄伤 教材原句 .people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 人们给一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的 3D 打印外壳！ 要点必记 i
7、njure sb./sth./oneself 使某人/某物/自己受伤 injure ones pride/feelings 伤 害某人的自尊/情感 词语辨析 injure，hurt 与 wound injure 尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤。 hurt 指弄伤、（使）疼痛。 wound 尤指用刀、枪等武器伤害。 单词积累 injured adj. 受伤的 injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 单句语法填空 （1）2017 全国卷Trying to help_（injure），displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is
8、never certain. （2） In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were_ （injure）. 选词填空（injure/hurt/wound） （3） You should make an apology to my sister because what you said _her feelings. （4） The bullet_ one of the brave soldiers in the shoulder. （5） Tom_ his legs in a skating accident. injured in
9、jured hurt wounded injured 词汇四词汇四 minor adj. 小的，不很重要的，不很严重的小的，不很重要的，不很严重的 v. 辅修辅修 教材原句 A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和 一颗小行星都是以他的名字命名的。 要点必记 （1）a minor road 小路 minor injuries 轻伤 minor in 辅修 （2）a minority of 少数 be in the/a minority 占少数 单词积累 major adj. 重要的 minor
10、 adj. 次要的 majority n. 多数 minority n. 少数;少数民族 -ity -ity 反义词 单句语法填空 （1） I major in English literature，and minor_ French. （2） Only a_（minor）of British households do not have a car. （3） Boys are very much_ the minority at the dance class. 单句写作 （4） Most of the people turned their back to him，only_ _ _ _
11、（少数人） gave him a hand. in minority in a minority of people 词汇五词汇五 origin n. 起源，起因，出身起源，起因，出身 教材原句 .On the Origin of Species，in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection . 在物种起源一书中，他解释了物种因自然选择而发生的变化。 要点必记 have ones origin（s）in 起源于 in origin 在来源上；在血统上 by origin 从出身上说 the original p
12、lan 原先的计划 单词积累 original adj. 原来的，起初的 单句语法填空 （1）As the Olympics have the origin _ancient Greece so does one aspect of my proposal. （2） After much discussion they settled on the plan_（original） proposed. （3）2019 江苏省扬州市高一期末The tea-picking opera_ （original） developed from the tea-growing regions in Jian
13、gxi where the tea pickers would sing songs while working. 单句写作 （4）When we think about_ _ _ _（生命的起 源），there are two ways to follow. （5）He was not Englishhe was_ _（从出身上说）a Frenchman. in originally originally the origin of life by origin 词汇六词汇六 due to 因为，由于因为，由于 用法辨析 due to 较正式用语，常用于官方通告和公开声明中，可以直接作表语，
14、也常作状 语，一 般不放在句首。 owing to 常作状语和表语。 because of 常作状语。 thanks to 通常作状语，常指好的方面。 选词填空（due to/owing to/because of/thanks to） （1）词汇复现He was out of work_a physical injury. （2） Most of the problems were_ human error. （3）词汇复现_ your help，I got the position advertised in the newspaper. （4）2016 北京卷The town was c
15、ut off from the rest of the world _ heavy snow. due to/owing to/because of Thanks to/Owing to/Because of due to/owing to due to/owing to/because of 词汇七词汇七 extraordinary adj. 不同平常的不同平常的 教材原句 .and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. 1903 年，她因在放射性方面的杰出
16、工作首次获得诺贝尔奖。 要点必记 extraordinary patience 非凡的耐心 an extraordinary memory 非凡的 记忆力 extraordinary success 非凡的成功 a thing extraordinary 一件与众 不同的事 It is/was extraordinary that.实属罕见。 单词积累 extra-（超出）+ordinary（普通的，平凡的） extraordinary adj. 不平常的，非 凡的 单句写作 （1）The task requires_ _（非凡的耐心）and strength. （2）The child po
17、ssesses（拥有）_ _ _（非凡的 记忆力）he can remember so many stories. （3）平凡的人获得非凡的成功你也可以！ _ _ _ _ _ you can too! （4）真想不到他竟然掌管这么一家大公司。 _ _that he should take charge of such a big company. （5）使这本书如此与众不同的是作者具有的创造性的想象力。 What makes the book_ _ is the creative imagination of the writer. extraordinary patience an extr
18、aordinary memory Ordinary people attain extraordinary success Its extraordinary so extraordinary 词汇八词汇八 brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的；明亮的；灿烂的；杰出的，极好的；聪颖的，才华横溢的；明亮的；灿烂的；杰出的，极好的； 很成功的很成功的 教材原句 She was also regarded as a brilliant physicist，and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of
19、pure radium. 她还被认为是一位杰出的物理学家，并且在 1911 年因分离出纯镭而再次获得诺贝尔 奖。 要点必记 a brilliant success 巨大的成功 brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光 a brilliant plan 绝妙的计划 a brilliant musician 才华横溢的音乐家 单词积累 brilliant adj. brilliantly adv. 出色地 ；灿烂地 单句语法填空 （1）Our teacher told us it was a_（brilliant）written book. 单句写作 （2） He made his way
20、 to the lake_ _ _ _ _（在一个 阳光明媚的日子）. （3） The project was_ _ _（非常成功）. （4）_ _ _（这名聪颖的侦探）found the strong evidence in the end. brilliantly on a brilliantly sunny day a brilliant success The brilliant detective 词汇九词汇九 cure vt. 治好（疾病）；治愈治好（疾病）；治愈 n. 疗法疗法 教材原句 Currently，theres no cure for Alzheimers. 目前还没有
21、治愈阿尔茨海默病 的方法 要点必记 cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；矫正 / 改正某人的不良行为 a cure for的治疗方法 误区警示 cure 强调“治愈”这一结果，而 treat 强调治疗的过程。cure 用作动词，其后跟 sb. of sth. 或直 接跟 sth. 作宾语。 学法点拨 与 cure sb. of sth. 类似的结构： rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事 warn sb. of sth.
22、 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 单句写作 （1）The doctor _ _ _ _ _（治好了他 的头痛）. （2）The best_（解决方法）for boredom（无聊）is hard work. （3）The doctor_ me_（治愈某人的病）my illness at last，and I was very thankful to him. （4）2016 全国卷Confucius believed knives would_ people _ （让想起）killings and were too violent for use at the
23、 table. 选词填空（treat/cure） （5） The dentist_ my teeth，but he didnt_ them. cured him of his headache cure cured of remind of treated cure 重点句式重点句式 句式一句式一 强调句型：强调句型：It is/was+ 被强调部分被强调部分 +that+ 其他部分其他部分 . 教材原句 And it is not just humans who are benefiting. 受益的不仅仅是人类 要点必记 强调句型的结构：It is/was+ 被强调部分 + that+ 其
24、他部分.。如果被强调部分指人， 可用who 代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。 误区警示 （1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替； （2）用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态 用is；属 于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was； （3）被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代替 that，其他情况一律用 that。 学法点拨 判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was 与 that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、 句意明 确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。 单句语法填空 （1） It was when I got back t
25、o my apartment _I first came across my new neighbors. （2） You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel_ the coach picks up tourists. （3）_ is my father that/who will have a face-to-face talk with me. 用强调句型改写 My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday. （4） _ walked the dog in the street
26、 yesterday. （强调主语） （5） _ my grandpa walked the dog in the street. （强调时间状语） （6） _ my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.（强 调地点状语） that that It It was my grandpa that/who It was yesterday that It was in the street that 单元语法单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 1. 构成 肯定式：have/has + been done 否定式
27、：have/has not + been done 一 般 疑 问 式：Have/Has + 主 语 + been done? 特殊疑问式：疑问词 + have/has（+ 主语）+ been done? 2.用法 （1）表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果， 通常与 already，yet，just，never，recently 等副词连用。 （2）表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for或 since 引 出的时间 状语连用，或用于how long 引出的句子中。 （3）用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动动作，即用现在完
28、成时的 被动语 态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 学法点拨 常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语： already 已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last few years 在过去的 几年里 3. 注意事项 （1）与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 动作发生的动作发生的 时间时间 对现在有无对现在有无 影响
29、影响 一般过去时的被动 语态 过去 无 现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有 （2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等非延续性动词的现在完 成时的被动 语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词 或时态。 非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与 since 或 for 引出的时间状语连用。 这本书借了一周了。 The book has been borrowed for a week. （） The book has been kept for a week. （） 这个工程已经开始多久了？ How lon
30、g has this project been started?（） How long ago was this project started?（） （3）带有双宾语的动词，如 give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make， sing，write，sell，buy，lend，offer，hand，pass，get 等，变为被动语态 时，一般是把指人的间接宾语变为主语。如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主 语，间接宾语前要加 to 或 for。 （4）带有复合宾语（宾语 + 宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变 为主语，原来的宾语补足语保持不变。主动语态
31、中不带 to 的不定式作宾补， 在被动语态中要加上 to。 （5）短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，不可漏掉动词后面 原有的 介词或副词。此类短语动词有： 动词 + 介词 refer to，look after，call on，rely on，look for，look at， listen to，dream of，meet with，laugh at，result in，wait for，deal with， operate on 动词 + 名词+ 介词 pay attention to，make use of，take part in，keep an eye on， ma
32、ke fun of，catch sight of，set fire to，take a note of，take care of 动词+ 副词 turn on，turn off，carry on，carry out，think over，make up， set up， put down，hand in，point out，call up 练习一 单句语法填空 （1）Their new house_（decorate）for two months and they will settle in it in the near future. （2）Their new cars_（advertis
33、e）on the Internet for a long time. （3）All the athletes_（select）from millions of people all over the country in the past two months. （4）A new library and a gymnasium in our school_（set）up so far and they will be put into use very soon. （5）A great many machines_（produce）by the factory since the techno
34、logical revolution. （6）Great changes_（take）place in my hometown and a lot of factories_（set）up in the past ten years. （7）Every possible means_（try）to save the wounded soldier up to now. has been decorated have been advertised have been selected have been set have been produced have taken have been s
35、et has been tried （8）How many suggestions_（give）to you so far? （9）I cant see any coffee in this cupboard._ it all_（finish）? （10） All the preparations for the task_（make），and were ready to start. （11） In the last few years thousands of films_ （produce）all over the world. （12）2015 天津卷Despite the previ
36、ous rounds of talks，no agreement _ _ （reach）so far by the two sides. （13） I got caught in the rain and my suit_（ruin）. （14） We cant go on with the experiment because the computer_（not repair）. have been given Has been finished have been made have been produced has been reached has been ruined hasnt
37、been repaired 练习二 将下列句子改为被动语态 （1） They have just connected the printer to the computer. _ （2） We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years. _ （3） Tom hasnt sold out all the magazines. _ （4） Have you found ways to make waste water clean? _ （5）She has already returned this book to the
38、 library. _ The printer has just been connected to the computer（by them）. Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last five years（by us）. All the magazines have not been sold out（by Tom）. Have ways been found to make waste water clean（by you）? This book has already been returned to the libra
39、ry（by her）. （6） He has sent me an e-mail. _ _ （7） We have seen him lie on the ground. _ （8） Jane has referred to the book. _ （9） Tom has paid much attention to his handwriting. _ _ （10） They have put out the big fire. _ I have been sent an e-mail（by him）. An e-mail has been sent to me（by him）. He ha
40、s been seen to lie on the ground（by us）. The book has been referred to（by Jane）. Much attention has been paid to Toms handwriting. Toms handwriting has been paid much attention to. The big fire has been put out（by them）. 练习三 单句写作 （1） The boys _ _ _ _ _（已经被多次告 知）not to swim in that lake，but it doesnt
41、 make any difference. （2） We are glad to be told that Li Tao_ _ _ _ _ _ （已经被复旦大学录取）for his top scores. （3） With the help of high technology，more and more new substances _ _ _ （被发现）in the past few years. （4） When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_ _ _ _（没 有确定）yet. （5） Though we dont know what
42、 was discussed，yet we can feel the topic _ _ _ （已经被改变了）. have been told many times has been admitted to Fudan University have been discovered has not been decided has been changed （6） This book_ _ _ _（没有人借过） since last week. （7） He_ _ _（已被挑选出来）to take part in the sports meeting. （8） The ink_ _ _ _ _ （还没有从上去 掉） the clothes. （9）_ your computer just_ _（被侵袭）by a virus? （10） Financial problems of the company_ _ _（已 被讨论了） for nearly two hours. has not been borrowed has been selected has not been removed from Has been attacked have been discussed
